106 research outputs found
Quantum quenches and driven dynamics in a single-molecule device
The nonequilibrium dynamics of molecular devices is studied in the framework
of a generic model for single-molecule transistors: a resonant level coupled by
displacement to a single vibrational mode. In the limit of a broad level and in
the vicinity of the resonance, the model can be controllably reduced to a form
quadratic in bosonic operators, which in turn is exactly solvable. The response
of the system to a broad class of sudden quenches and ac drives is thus
computed in a nonperturbative manner, providing an asymptotically exact
solution in the limit of weak electron-phonon coupling. From the analytic
solution we are able to (1) explicitly show that the system thermalizes
following a local quantum quench, (2) analyze in detail the time scales
involved, (3) show that the relaxation time in response to a quantum quench
depends on the observable in question, and (4) reveal how the amplitude of
long-time oscillations evolves as the frequency of an ac drive is tuned across
the resonance frequency. Explicit analytical expressions are given for all
physical quantities and all nonequilibrium scenarios under study.Comment: 23 pages, 13 figure
Parity Anomaly and Spin Transmutation in Quantum Spin Hall Josephson Junctions
We study the Josephson effect in a quantum spin Hall system coupled to a
localized magnetic impurity. As a consequence of the fermion parity anomaly,
the spin of the combined system of impurity and spin-Hall edge alternates
between half-integer and integer values when the superconducting phase
difference across the junction advances by 2π. This leads to characteristic
differences in the splittings of the spin multiplets by exchange coupling and
single-ion anisotropy at phase differences, for which time-reversal symmetry
is preserved. We discuss the resulting 8π-periodic (or Z4) fractional
Josephson effect in the context of recent experiments
Robust Majorana Conductance Peaks for a Superconducting Lead
Experimental evidence for Majorana bound states largely relies on measurements
of the tunneling conductance. While the conductance into a Majorana state is
in principle quantized to 2e2/h, observation of this quantization has been
elusive, presumably due to temperature broadening in the normal-metal lead.
Here, we propose to use a superconducting lead instead, whose gap strongly
suppresses thermal excitations. For a wide range of tunneling strengths and
temperatures, a Majorana state is then signaled by symmetric conductance peaks
at eV=±Δ with quantized height G=(4−π)2e2/h. For a superconducting scanning
tunneling microscope tip, Majorana states appear as spatial conductance
plateaus while the conductance varies with the local wavefunction for trivial
Andreev bound states. We discuss effects of nonresonant (bulk) Andreev
reflections and quasiparticle poisoning
The effect of fat rich diet and alcohol on ion concentration in bile fluid in rats
The metabolic alteration of fatty liver causes significant changes in the composition of bile fluid secreted by epithelial liver cells. These processes include both organic molecular and inorganic ion content changes in bile juice as well. In this work ion concentration differences of bile fluid in experimental hyperlipidemic rats compared to normal ones were monitored. Fatty liver in young male Wistar albino rats was induced by 2% cholesterol, 20% sunflower oil and 0.5% cholic acid added to the normal food and 3% alcoholic water was administered to rats for 9 days. The development of hyperlipidemy was detected by measuring serum parameters and fatty liver was proved by morphological investigations. The ion concentrations of bile fluid samples were determined by ICP-OES (inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry). The bile fluid samples were digested with a mixture of HNO3 and H2O2 . The results show that the concentration of calcium and phosphorus in bile juice increased significantly in hyperlipidemic rats compared to the control. Significant concentration changes have also been detected for chromium and manganese. The changes in metal ion metabolism also point to the damage of liver cells owing to metal complex evacuation
Good practices for a literature survey are not followed by authors while preparing scientific manuscripts
The number of citations received by authors in scientific journals has become
a major parameter to assess individual researchers and the journals themselves
through the impact factor. A fair assessment therefore requires that the
criteria for selecting references in a given manuscript should be unbiased with
respect to the authors or the journals cited. In this paper, we advocate that
authors should follow two mandatory principles to select papers (later
reflected in the list of references) while studying the literature for a given
research: i) consider similarity of content with the topics investigated, lest
very related work should be reproduced or ignored; ii) perform a systematic
search over the network of citations including seminal or very related papers.
We use formalisms of complex networks for two datasets of papers from the arXiv
repository to show that neither of these two criteria is fulfilled in practice
Effectiveness of Journal Ranking Schemes as a Tool for Locating Information
BACKGROUND: The rise of electronic publishing, preprint archives, blogs, and wikis is raising concerns among publishers, editors, and scientists about the present day relevance of academic journals and traditional peer review. These concerns are especially fuelled by the ability of search engines to automatically identify and sort information. It appears that academic journals can only remain relevant if acceptance of research for publication within a journal allows readers to infer immediate, reliable information on the value of that research. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Here, we systematically evaluate the effectiveness of journals, through the work of editors and reviewers, at evaluating unpublished research. We find that the distribution of the number of citations to a paper published in a given journal in a specific year converges to a steady state after a journal-specific transient time, and demonstrate that in the steady state the logarithm of the number of citations has a journal-specific typical value. We then develop a model for the asymptotic number of citations accrued by papers published in a journal that closely matches the data. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our model enables us to quantify both the typical impact and the range of impacts of papers published in a journal. Finally, we propose a journal-ranking scheme that maximizes the efficiency of locating high impact research
Excretion patterns of coccidian oocysts and nematode eggs during the reproductive season in Northern Bald Ibis (Geronticus eremita)
Individual reproductive success largely depends on the ability to optimize behaviour, immune function and the physiological stress response. We have investigated correlations between behaviour, faecal steroid metabolites, immune parameters, parasite excretion patterns and reproductive output in a critically endangered avian species, the Northern Bald Ibis (Geronticus eremita). In particular, we related haematocrit, heterophil/lymphocyte ratio, excreted immune-reactive corticosterone metabolites and social behaviour with parasite excretion and two individual fitness parameters, namely, number of eggs laid and number of fledglings. We found that the frequency of excretion of parasites’ oocysts and eggs tended to increase with ambient temperature. Paired individuals excreted significantly more samples containing nematode eggs than unpaired ones. The excretion of nematode eggs was also significantly more frequent in females than in males. Individuals with a high proportion of droppings containing coccidian oocysts were more often preened by their partners than individuals with lower excretion rates. We observed that the more eggs an individual incubated and the fewer offspring fledged, the higher the rates of excreted samples containing coccidian oocysts. Our results confirm that social behaviour, physiology and parasite burden are linked in a complex and context-dependent manner. They also contribute background information supporting future conservation programmes dealing with this critically endangered species
Noble gas and carbon isotope systematics at the seemingly inactive Ciomadul volcano (Eastern‐Central Europe, Romania): evidence for volcanic degassing
Ciomadul is the youngest volcano in the Carpathian-Pannonian Region, Eastern-Central Europe, which last erupted 30 ka. This volcano is considered to be inactive, however, combined evidence from petrologic and magnetotelluric data, as well as seismic tomography studies suggest the existence of a subvolcanic crystal mush with variable melt content. The volcanic area is characterized by high CO2 gas output rate, with a minimum of 8.7 × 103 t yr-1. We investigated 31 gas emissions at Ciomadul to constrain the origin of the volatiles. The δ13C-CO2 and 3He/4He compositions suggest the outgassing of a significant component of mantle-derived fluids. The He isotope signature in the outgassing fluids (up to 3.10 Ra) is lower than the values in the peridotite xenoliths of the nearby alkaline basalt volcanic field (R/Ra 5.95Ra±0.01) which are representative of a continental lithospheric mantle and significantly lower than MORB values. Considering the chemical characteristics of the Ciomadul dacite, including trace element and Sr- Nd and O isotope compositions, an upper crustal contamination is less probable, whereas the primary magmas could have been derived from an enriched mantle source. The low He isotopic ratios could indicate a strongly metasomatized mantle lithosphere. This could be due to infiltration of subduction-related fluids and postmetasomatic ingrowth of radiogenic He. The metasomatic fluids are inferred to have contained subducted carbonate material resulting in a heavier carbon isotope composition (13C is in the range of -1.4 to -4.6 ‰) and an increase of CO2/3He ratio. Our study shows the magmatic contribution to the emitted gases
You Are What You Eat: Within-Subject Increases in Fruit and Vegetable Consumption Confer Beneficial Skin-Color Changes
R Whitehead was funded by an ESRC Studentship.Background: Fruit and vegetable consumption and ingestion of carotenoids have been found to be associated with human skin-color (yellowness) in a recent cross-sectional study. This carotenoid-based coloration contributes beneficially to the appearance of health in humans and is held to be a sexually selected cue of condition in other species. Methodology and Principal Findings: Here we investigate the effects of fruit and vegetable consumption on skin-color longitudinally to determine the magnitude and duration of diet change required to change skin-color perceptibly. Diet and skin-color were recorded at baseline and after three and six weeks, in a group of 35 individuals who were without makeup, self-tanning agents and/or recent intensive UV exposure. Six-week changes in fruit and vegetable consumption were significantly correlated with changes in skin redness and yellowness over this period, and diet-linked skin reflectance changes were significantly associated with the spectral absorption of carotenoids and not melanin. We also used psychophysical methods to investigate the minimum color change required to confer perceptibly healthier and more attractive skin-coloration. Modest dietary changes are required to enhance apparent health (2.91 portions per day) and attractiveness (3.30 portions). Conclusions: Increased fruit and vegetable consumption confers measurable and perceptibly beneficial effects on Caucasian skin appearance within six weeks. This effect could potentially be used as a motivational tool in dietary intervention.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe
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