Laser-induced generation of singlet oxygen and its role in the cerebrovascular physiology

For over 55 years, laser technology has expanded from laboratory research to widespread fields, for example telecommunication and data storage amongst others. Recently application of lasers in biology and medicine presents itself as one of the emerging areas. In this review, we will outline the recent advances in using lasers for the generation of singlet oxygen, traditionally used to kill tumour cells or induce thrombotic stroke model due to damage vascular effects. Over the last two decade, completely new results on cerebrovascular effects of singlet oxygen generated during photodynamic therapy (PDT) have been shown alongside promising applications for delivery of drugs and nanoparticles into the brain for therapy of brain cancer. Furthermore, a "gold key” has been found to overcome the limitations of PDT, such as low light penetration and high toxicity of photosensitizers, by direct generation of singlet oxygen using quantum-dot laser diodes emitting in the near infrared (NIR) spectral range. It is our motivation to highlight these pioneering results in this review, to improve understanding of the biological role of singlet oxygen and to provide new perspectives for improving clinical application of laser based therapy in further research

RESISTANCE TO THE BLAST AGENT AND THE MORPHOBIOLOGICALFEATURES OF GENOTYPES IN THE Oryza sativa L. COLLECTION FROM VARIOUS ECOLOGICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL GROUPS IN CONDITIONS OF КUBAN ZONE OF RICE GROWING

The most common and harmful disease of the agricultural crop rice is a “burn” caused by the fungus Magnoporthe grisea (Hebert) Barr, the causative agent of rice blast. The important direction of modern domestic rice breeding is the development of high-yielding varieties resistant to blast. To solve the problem, it is important to search for sources and donors of resistance to the Krasnodar population of the pathogen among ecotypes of different ecological and geographical origin. Evaluation of the rice collection diversity for resistance to blast was carried out both on a natural background and on an infectious-provocative one. Immunological evaluation and phenotyping were carried out in 2015–2017 on 154 varieties of the Oryza sativa L. species from 7 ecological and geographical cultivation zones. Over the years of research, the range of variation in the intensity of the disease development in varieties was in the range from 1.1 to 77.8 %. The differences in the resistance of rice varieties to the pathogen between ecological groups and countries have been found. Most of the studied samples have shown medium resistance, there were isolated 51 resistant forms. Most often stable forms were found among the germplasm from China, Italy, the Philippines and Korea, and the unstable ones were from African countries, Japan, Primorye and Vietnam. Introduced samples resistant to the disease were identified and adapted to soil and climatic conditions and rice cultivation technologies of the Kuban, they were included in the breeding scheme for developing pathogen-resistant rice varieties with the extension of their genetic basis. The article presents data on the variation of morphological traits and the rate of development of plants of international varieties from 24 countries in the conditions of the south of Russia. The results of the comparison of germplasm of domestic and foreign varieties according to the degree of resistance to the pathogen in conditions of natural infection in the field experiment for five years are presented. As a result of the evaluation of plant resistance to the Krasnodar population of the pathogen, the effective genes for resistance to the pathogen for breeding programs of the south of Russia and the molecular genetic analysis of the rice collection variety were determined: Pi-1, Pi-z, Pi-ta, Pi-z5, Pi-9, Pi-5(t), Pi-t, Pi-19

Possibilities of radionuclide visualization of HER2/neu-positive breast cancer using a radiopharmaceutical based on recombinant targeting molecules DARPin9_29

Epidermal growth receptor HER2/neu is still of great interest, the overexpression of which is most often observed in patients with breast cancer and accounts for 15–20 % of cases. Present methods of HER2/neu determination have a number of significant drawbacks. In recent years, alternative framework proteins are used for the targeted radionuclide imaging. Molecules of DARPin (Design Ankyrin Repeat Protein) are one of representatives of scaffolds. Material and methods. The study included 4 breast cancer patients (T1-2N0-1M0) who were not receiving systemic therapy at the time of the study: in 2 patients, HER2/neu overexpression was noted, in 2 patients – not detected. HER2/neu status was determined using an immunohistochemical method and a FISH assay. At the preclinical stage, radiopharmaceutical 99mTc-DARPin9_29 was injected intravenously to all patients, «WholeBody» scintigraphy and single-photon emission computed tomography were performed 2 hours after injection. Results. The distribution of radiopharmaceuticals in organs 2 hours after injection revealed the greatest accumulation in the liver and kidneys. In studying of tumor/background indicator it was revealed that values of the studied parameter in patients with overexpression of HER2 receptors are more than 3 times higher than the values in the subgroup of patients with negative expression of this marker. Conclusion. According to the results of preliminary studies, the 99mTc-DARPin9_29 demonstrated significant differences between tumors with and without HER2/neu overexpression

ЭПИДЕМИОЛОГИЯ ОСТРЫХ КИШЕЧНЫХ ИНФЕКЦИЙ У НОВОРОЖДЕННЫХ

This article presents a retrospective analysis of the incidence of acute intestinal infections of newborns in 2006—2012 years. The analysis has revealed increased morbidity, the leading etiological role of rota-and noroviruses alongside with opportunistic pathogens, and absence of a clear seasonality. В статье представлены данные ретроспективного анализа заболеваемости острыми кишечными инфекциями новорожденных за 2006—2012 гг. Установлен рост заболеваемости, ведущая этиологическая роль ротаи норовирусов, также условно-патогенных микроорганизмов, отсутствие четкой сезонности.

РАДИОИММУНОТЕРАПИЯ В ЛЕЧЕНИИ ЗЛОКАЧЕСТВЕННЫХ ОБРАЗОВАНИЙ

This review presents information about one of the promising areas of targeted therapy in modern oncology, which is called radioimmunotherapy. Particular attention is paid to the possibility of clinical application of this type of systemic treatment for patients with both hematologic malignancies and solid tumors.В обзоре литературы представлены данные, касающиеся одного из перспективных направлений таргетной терапии в современной онкологии, получившего название «радиоиммунотерапия». Особое внимание уделяется изучению возможности клинического использования данного вида системного лечения для пациентов как с онкогематологическими заболеваниями, так и с солидными опухолями

ДИАГНОСТИЧЕСКИЕ РАДИОФАРМАЦЕВТИЧЕСКИЕ ПРЕПАРАТЫ НА ОСНОВЕ ПРОИЗВОДНЫХ ГЛЮКОЗЫ В СОВРЕМЕННОЙ ОНКОЛОГИЧЕСКОЙ ПРАКТИКЕ

The purpose of the study was to review available literature on the efficacy of radiopharmaceuticals based on glucose derivatives labeled with radioactive isotopes for detection of various cancers. Material and methods. A systematic literature review was performed using the Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and Global Health databases from 2000 to 2016. Out of 900 papers in the field of nuclear medicine, 58 were included into the review. Results. 18F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (18F-FDG) has been approved to be a powerful imaging tool for the detection of various cancers as well as for the assessment of tumor extent and therapy response. There is a continuous search for new more specific and effective radiopharmaceuticals for visualization of tumor tissue. Many studies are devoted to the development of radiopharmaceuticals based on technetium-99m labeled glucose derivatives for tumor visualization. Russian researches have made a significant progress in the development of imaging agents for single-photon emission computed tomography. Conclusion. Despite the widespread use of positron emission tomography technologies, which have proved to be effective, the specialists still have a great interest in radiopharmaceuticals based on technetium-99m. The literature review suggests that the emergence of a diagnostic radiopharmaceutical based on technetium-99m labeled glucose derivative will help to improve the availability of nuclear medicine methods and their effectiveness.Цель исследования – анализ имеющихся на сегодняшний день литературных данных об эффективности применения диагностических радиофармацевтических препаратов на основе меченных радиоактивными изотопами производных глюкозы в визуализации злокачественных новообразований различных локализаций. Материал и методы. Поиск соответствующих источников производился в системах Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, The Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Global Health и РИНЦ, включались публикации с 2000 по 2016 г. Из 900 источников в обзор были включены 58 наиболее полных и фундаментальных трудов в области ядерной медицины. Результаты. В настоящее время в онкологии достаточно широко используется диагностический радиофармацевтический препарат на основе меченной фтором-18 производной глюкозы – 18F-дезоксиглюкоза (18F-ФДГ). Применение указанного радиофармпрепарата доказало свою эффективность в визуализации злокачественных новообразований различных локализаций, оценке распространенности опухолевого процесса и оценке эффективности проводимого лечения. При этом в мире идет поиск новых, более специфичных и эффективных радиофармпрепаратов для визуализации опухолевой ткани. Достаточно много трудов посвящено разработке радиофармацевтических препаратов на основе меченных технецием-99m производных глюкозы для визуализации опухолевой ткани. Значительных результатов в этой области достигли отечественные исследователи, разрабатывающие оригинальные препараты для однофотонной эмиссионной компьютерной томографии. Заключение. Несмотря на широкое распространение в мире технологий позитронно-эмиссионной томографии, доказавшей свою эффективность, у специалистов по- прежнему остается большой интерес к радиофармацевтическим препаратам на основе технеция-99m. Анализ литературы свидетельствует о том, что появление диагностического радиофармацевтического препарата на основе меченной технецием-99m производной глюкозы поможет повысить доступность методов ядерной медицины и их эффективность

Синтез мезо-арилзамещенных липопорфиринов с целью создания наноразмерных ансамблей с липидами

Synthesis of meso-arylsubstituted porphyrins with hydrophobic long chain groups by using the dipyrromethanes method and monopyrrolic condensation is described. Data lypoporphyrins possess liquid crystalline properties and will be used to design supramolecular nanosized lipid assemblesОписан синтез мезо-арилзамещенных порфиринов с длинноцепочечными гидрофобными заместителями с использованием дипирролилметанов и монопиррольной конденсации. Данные липопорфирины обладают жидко- кристаллическими свойствами и могут быть использованы для создания супрамолекулярных наноразмерных ансамблей с липидами