102 research outputs found
Phytochemical composition, Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory potential of bioactive fractions from extracts of three medicinal plants traditionally used to treat liver diseases in Burkina Faso
Our aim in this study concerning the ethyl acetate and dichloromethane fractions was to provide a scientific basis for the treatment of hepatitis B in Burkina Faso of these three ethnomedicinal plants. As a result, we evaluated polyphenol content, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory evaluated by lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitory and Xanthine Oxidase (XO) activities of aqueous acetone bioactive fractions from three species of Malvaceae (Sida cordifolia, Sida rhombifolia, S. urens). Folin-ciocalteu; AlCl3 methods and tannic acid respectively were used for polyphenol content research. The antioxidant activity of the samples was evaluate using three separate methods, inhibition of free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydramzyl (DPPH), ABTS radical cation decolorization assay, Iron (III) to iron (II) reduction activity (FRAP). For anti-inflammatoty activity, lypoxygenase and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities were used. Finally, in this study, the ethyl acetate fraction has shown the best results comparatively to the dichloromethane fraction. Keywords: Polyphenol, Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, Medicinal plants, hepatitis B
Phytochemical composition, Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory potential of bioactive fractions from extracts of three medicinal plants traditionally used to treat liver diseases in Burkina Faso
Our aim in this study concerning the ethyl acetate and dichloromethane fractions was to provide a scientific basis for the treatment of hepatitis B in Burkina Faso of these three ethnomedicinal plants. As a result, we evaluated polyphenol content, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory evaluated by lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibitory and Xanthine Oxidase (XO) activities of aqueous acetone bioactive fractions from three species of Malvaceae (Sida cordifolia, Sida rhombifolia, S. urens). Folin-ciocalteu; AlCl3 methods and tannic acid respectively were used for polyphenol content research. The antioxidant activity of the samples was evaluate using three separate methods, inhibition of free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydramzyl (DPPH), ABTS radical cation decolorization assay, Iron (III) to iron (II) reduction activity (FRAP). For anti-inflammatoty activity, lypoxygenase and xanthine oxidase inhibitory activities were used. Finally, in this study, the ethyl acetate fraction has shown the best results comparatively to the dichloromethane fraction. Keywords: Polyphenol, Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, Medicinal plants, hepatitis B
Screening African rice (Oryza glaberrima) for tolerance to abiotic stresses: I. Fe toxicity
AbstractIron (Fe) toxicity is recognized as one of the most widely spread soil constraints for rice production especially in West Africa. Oryza glaberrima the cultivated rice species that originated from West Africa is well-adapted to its growing ecologies. The aim of this study was to identify the promising O. glaberrima accessions tolerant to Fe toxicity from the 2106 accessions held at the AfricaRice gene bank. The screenings were conducted over a four-year period and involved evaluating the entries under Fe-toxic field conditions in West Africa, selecting good yielding accessions and repeating the testing with newly selected lines. Three accessions (TOG 7206, TOG 6218-B and TOG 7250-A) were higher yielding than O. sativa checks under stress but with similar yields under control conditions. These accessions yielded over 300g/m2 under both Fe toxicity and control conditions. In conclusion, these materials could be used as donors in breeding programs for developing high yielding rice varieties suited to Fe toxicity affected areas in West Africa
Pityriasis Rosé de Gibert révélant une Hépatite virale B
Le pityriasis rosé, décrit par Gibert en 1860, est une dermatose fréquente, bénigne, transitoire,
et dâĂ©tiologie inconnue qui atteint surtout les adultes jeunes. On pense qu'il s'agit d'une
affection virale, mais sans argument bien probant. Nous rapportons un cas de Pityriasis Rosé
de Gibert (PRG) rĂ©vĂ©lant une hĂ©patite virale B. Observation : Il sâagissait dâun adulte de 47
ans originaire de Diago (Commune de Kati), sans antécédents médicaux et chirurgicaux
connus, qui consulte pour des macules rosées disséminées sur tout le tronc associées à du
prurit chez qui le diagnostic de PRG a Ă©tĂ© retenu. Il a bĂ©nĂ©ficiĂ© de la vaseline Ă lâurĂ©e 5% et
de la Mequitazine 10mg comme traitement. Devant la persistance du prurit un bilan
biologique Ă la recherche dâune Ă©tiologie fut demandĂ© et cela a conduit au diagnostic dâune
infection par le virus de lâhĂ©patite B. Conclusion : Cette observation devrait conduire les
dermatologues Ă proposer systĂ©matiquement la recherche dâune infection virale Ă lâhĂ©patite B
devant des PRG trÚs prurigineux et résistants aux traitements habituels
DĂ©pistage du VIH en salle dâaccouchement Ă la maternitĂ© du Centre de SantĂ© de RĂ©fĂ©rence de la commune V Bamako
Objectifs : Evaluer lâimpact du counseling pour le dĂ©pistage VIH en salle de travail chez les patientes nâayant pas bĂ©nĂ©ficiĂ© de cette activitĂ© lors des CPN. MĂ©thodes et matĂ©riels : LâĂ©tude sâest dĂ©roulĂ©e au CSRĂ©f de la commune v de Bamako du 1er janvier au 31dĂ©cembre 2014. LâĂ©chantillonnage Ă©tait systĂ©matique, portait sur toutes les parturientes admises en salle de travail avec une dilatation cervicale Ă 4cm ou plus et dans le post- partum immĂ©diat avec un Ăąge gestationnel â„ 28SA ou un poids fĆtal â„1000g. Le test par bandelette a Ă©tĂ© utilisĂ© aprĂšs consentement Ă©clairĂ© des patientes .La confirmation a Ă©tĂ© faite avec lâimmunocomb II VIH1 et 2 Bi spot. RĂ©sultats :LâĂ©tude a rapportĂ© que 4,34% (380) des parturientes nâont pas fait le dĂ©pistage VIH lors du suivi prĂ©natal. En salle dâaccouchement, ces 380 parturientes ont bĂ©nĂ©ficiĂ© toutes dâun conseil dĂ©pistage volontaire au VIH. Nous avons enregistrĂ© 11 cas de refus. Sur les 369 parturientes ayant fait le test, 37 Ă©taient positifs au VIH soit 10%. LâĂąge moyen Ă©tait de 27ans ±07 ; non instruite (58,9%) vivant dans un rĂ©gime polygamique (65,9) ; un suivi prĂ©natal fait (95,12%) ; 93% suivi dans les structures citĂ©es PTME. Les antirĂ©troviraux ont Ă©tĂ© administrĂ©s Ă toutes les mĂšres et aux nouveau- nĂ©s vivants. Conclusion : Au regard de la frĂ©quence Ă©levĂ©e (10%) des cas positifs dans notre Ă©tude, il est nĂ©cessaire de poursuivre les activitĂ©s de Conseil et DĂ©pistage Volontaire en salle dâaccouchement pour permettre Ă lâensemble des femmes enceintes qui accouchent dans nos structures sanitaires de bĂ©nĂ©ficier des interventions de la PTM
Influence of basement heterogeneity on the architecture of low subsidence rate Paleozoic intracratonic basins (Reggane, Ahnet, Mouydir and Illizi basins, Hoggar Massif)
The Paleozoic intracratonic North African Platform is characterized by an
association of arches (ridges, domes, swells, or paleo-highs) and low
subsidence rate syncline basins of different wavelengths (75â620 km). The
Reggane, Ahnet, Mouydir and Illizi basins are successively delimited from
east to west by the Amguid El Biod, Arak-Foum Belrem, and Azzel Matti arches.
Through the analysis of new unpublished geological data (i.e., satellite
images, well logs, seismic lines), the deposits associated with these arches
and syncline basins exhibit thickness variations and facies changes ranging
from continental to marine environments. The arches are characterized by thin
amalgamated deposits with condensed and erosional surfaces, whereas the
syncline basins exhibit thicker and well-preserved successions. In addition,
the vertical facies succession evolves from thin Silurian to Givetian
deposits into thick Upper Devonian sediments. Synsedimentary structures and
major unconformities are related to several tectonic events such as the
CambrianâOrdovician extension, the OrdovicianâSilurian glacial rebound,
the SilurianâDevonian Caledonian extension/compression, the late Devonian
extension/compression, and the Hercynian compression. Locally, deformation is
characterized by near-vertical planar normal faults responsible for horst and
graben structuring associated with folding during the
CambrianâOrdovicianâSilurian period. These structures may have been
inverted or reactivated during the Devonian (i.e., Caledonian, MidâLate
Devonian) compression and the Carboniferous (i.e., pre-Hercynian to
Hercynian). Additionally, basement characterization from geological and
geophysics data (aeromagnetic and gravity maps), shows an interesting
age-dependent zonation of the terranes which are bounded by mega-shear zones
within the archesâbasins framework. The old terranes are situated under
arches while the young terranes are located under the basins depocenter.
This structural framework results from the accretion of Archean and
Proterozoic terranes inherited from former orogeny (e.g., Pan-African orogeny
900â520 Ma). Therefore, the sedimentary infilling pattern and the nature of
deformation result from the repeated slow Paleozoic reactivation of
Precambrian terranes bounded by subvertical lithospheric fault systems.
Alternating periods of tectonic quiescence and low-rate subsidence
acceleration associated with extension and local inversion tectonics
correspond to a succession of Paleozoic geodynamic events (i.e., far-field
orogenic belt, glaciation).</p
The intensification of thermal extremes in west Africa
International audienceThis study aims in filling the gap in understanding the relationship between trend and extreme in diurnal and nocturnal temperatures (Tx and Tn) over the Gulf of Guinea area and the Sahel. Time-evolution and trend of Tx and Tn anomalies, extreme temperatures and heat waves are examined using regional and station-based indices over the 1900â2012 and 1950â2012 periods respectively. In investigating extreme temperature anomalies and heat waves, a percentile method is used. At the regional and local scales, rising trends in Tx and Tn anomalies, which appear more pronounced over the past 60 years, are identified over the two regions. The trends are characterized by an intensification of: i) nocturnal/Tn warming over the second half of the 20th century; and ii) diurnal/Tx warming over the post-1980s. This is the same scheme with extreme warm days and warm nights. Finally annual number of diurnal and nocturnal heat waves has increase over the Gulf of Guinea coastal regions over the second half of the 20th century, and even more substantially over the post-1980s period. Although this trend in extreme warm days and nights is always overestimated in the simulations, from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5), those models display rising trends whatever the scenario, which are likely to be more and more pronounced over the two regions in the next 50 years
Intermittent Preventive Treatment to Reduce the Burden of Malaria in Children: New Evidence on Integration and Delivery
James Beeson and colleagues discuss three new studies in PLoS Medicine that provide valuable evidence on how to delivery and integrate intermittent preventive reatment for malaria in children (IPTc)
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