Integración de competencias con temas en la enseñanza del grado de maestro. El maestro mecánico

La ficha de la asignatura de Teoría e Historia de la Educación para la formación de maestros de educación primaria y de educación infantil se halla en la web de la Facultad de Educación conteniendo los temas y competencias aprobados. Este recurso será el empleado para diseñar y efectuar la docencia y los procesos de evaluación, guiando a los estudiantes para optimizar sus capacidades. El reto del EEES no estriba sólo en confeccionar este instrumento informático, se procurará integrar en cada tema los tres ejes didácticos mediante el diseño correspondiente. Con el objeto de ofrecer unos lineamientos, en esta aportación a las jornadas de Redes-2014, trataremos de emplear el esquema confeccionado por Peiró (2013), para desarrollar la parte del tema, que versa sobre “La profesión docente”, mediante el enfoque de “modelos de maestro”, en el punto que explica la metáfora del maestro-mecánico (Peiró, 1999). Se procederá analógicamente al modelo que Peiró ideó para experimentarlo y que se expuso en su Tesis de la Licenciatura (1975), publicado en (1981, 230) como una vía metódica para llevar a cabo los niveles de relación interdisciplinaria con referencia a las sucesivas concreciones de objetivos y temas de la educación

Opinión de los Estudiantes sobre la Evaluación Efectuada en Teoría e Historia de la Educación

Uno de los pilares del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior consiste en el establecimiento de criterios y metodologías pedagógicas comparables asegurando la calidad de los estudios universitarios. Desde este punto de vista, en la asignatura de Teoría e Historia de la Educación venimos implementando un nuevo sistema de evaluación final en el que integramos de forma transversal los temas con las competencias. Siguiendo esta premisa, el objetivo de este trabajo es conocer la opinión del alumnado sobre la prueba de evaluación final de la asignatura. Para ello, la metodología utilizada ha consistido en un cuestionario con el que se ha consultado a 206 alumnos/as. Como resultados más destacables podemos citar los problemas para la comprensión de las preguntas, la adecuación de las respuestas al espacio establecido para ello y el nivel de dificultad de la evaluación, que en general los alumnos califican como difícil. Mediante este estudio ponemos de manifiesto que la evaluación final de la asignatura no sólo es un instrumento para revisar lo aprendido por los alumnos sino también para ofrecerles retroalimentación para mejorar su educación, haciéndoles partícipes de la misma y posibilitando a los docentes la oportunidad de mejorarla

Modelling avalanches in martensites

Solids subject to continuous changes of temperature or mechanical load often exhibit discontinuous avalanche-like responses. For instance, avalanche dynamics have been observed during plastic deformation, fracture, domain switching in ferroic materials or martensitic transformations. The statistical analysis of avalanches reveals a very complex scenario with a distinctive lack of characteristic scales. Much effort has been devoted in the last decades to understand the origin and ubiquity of scale-free behaviour in solids and many other systems. This chapter reviews some efforts to understand the characteristics of avalanches in martensites through mathematical modelling.Comment: Chapter in the book "Avalanches in Functional Materials and Geophysics", edited by E. K. H. Salje, A. Saxena, and A. Planes. The final publication is available at Springer via http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-45612-6_

The compact Hα emitting regions of the Herbig Ae/Be stars HD 179218 and HD 141569 from CHARA spectro-interferometry

This work presents CHARA/VEGA Hα spectro-interferometry (R ∼ 6000, and λ/2B ∼ 1 mas) of HD 179218 and HD 141569, doubling the sample of Herbig Ae/Be (HAeBe) stars for which this type of observations is available so far. The observed Hα emission is spatially unresolved, indicating that the size of the Hα emitting region is smaller than ∼0.21 and 0.12 au for HD 179218 and HD 141529 (∼15 and 16 R*, respectively). This is smaller than for the two other HAeBes previously observed with the same instrumentation. Two different scenarios have been explored in order to explain the compact line emitting regions. A hot, several thousand K, blackbody disc is consistent with the observations of HD 179218 and HD 141569. Magnetospheric accretion (MA) is able to reproduce the bulk of the Hα emission shown by HD 179218, confirming previous estimates from MA shock modelling with a mass accretion rate of 10−8 M⊙ yr−1, and an inclination to the line of sight between 30∘ and 50∘. The Hα profile of HD 141569 cannot be fitted from MA due to the high rotational velocity of this object. Putting the CHARA sample together, a variety of scenarios is required to explain the Hα emission in HAeBe stars – compact or extended, discs, accretion, and winds – in agreement with previous Brγ spectro-interferometric observations

Local mean-field study of capillary condensation in silica aerogels

We apply local mean-field (i.e. density functional) theory to a lattice model of a fluid in contact with a dilute, disordered gel network. The gel structure is described by a diffusion-limited cluster aggregation model. We focus on the influence of porosity on both the hysteretic and the equilibrium behavior of the fluid as one varies the chemical potential at low temperature. We show that the shape of the hysteresis loop changes from smooth to rectangular as the porosity increases and that this change is associated to disorder-induced out-of-equilibrium phase transitions that differ on adsorption and on desorption. Our results provide insight in the behavior of $^4$He in silica aerogels.Comment: 19 figure

Desarrollo Pedagógico en Red, en Teoría e Historia de la Educación (Maestros Infantil y Primaria)

Se expone el desarrollo de “Teoría e Historia de la Educación” –THE- para maestros (infantil y primaria). Hemos integrado tres dimensiones: temas con competencias entorno a la convivencia escolar. Para esto se ha aprovechado el modelo integrador (Peiró, 1973-1982), transferido a la universidad. Se plantea un esquema que conduce al desarrollo de la t subjetividad de los universitarios, a la vez que su socialidad. Se confecciona un cuadro de doble entrada, relacionando nociones-temas con competencias: es el guión que va a recordar el sentido del desarrollo de la asignatura. Se añade otro cuadro de doble entrada que explicita un tanto más las colaboraciones de los procesos, paralelamente, explica el desarrollo de una sesión semanal integrativa. Las TIC empleadas para inducir datos, favorecen que el alumno analice y valore, así como usando el CV de la UA: son herramientas útiles para desarrollar habilidades y destrezas tanto sociales (colaboración, cooperación, comunicación) como valores individuales (responsabilidad, cuidado, precaución, respeto, etc.)

Circumstellar disks and planets. Science cases for next-generation optical/infrared long-baseline interferometers

We present a review of the interplay between the evolution of circumstellar disks and the formation of planets, both from the perspective of theoretical models and dedicated observations. Based on this, we identify and discuss fundamental questions concerning the formation and evolution of circumstellar disks and planets which can be addressed in the near future with optical and infrared long-baseline interferometers. Furthermore, the importance of complementary observations with long-baseline (sub)millimeter interferometers and high-sensitivity infrared observatories is outlined.Comment: 83 pages; Accepted for publication in "Astronomy and Astrophysics Review"; The final publication is available at http://www.springerlink.co

Secondary Education Teachers and the integration of ICT in the classroom

© 2023 The authors. This document is available under the CC-BY 4.0 license http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by /4.0/ This document is the published version of a published work that appeared in final form in Revista Lasallista de Investigación To access the final work, see https://doi.org/10.22507/rli.v20n2a10The integration of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) at Secondary Education Centers responds to the demands of society and the need to train digitally literate citizens. However, reality tells us that, on occasions, it is mediated by aspects that generate limitations derived from teachers themselves, who recognize that the main reason for not using digital media in the classroom is the dedication involved in integrating them and the training required to do so. In this qualitative research, in-depth interviews were carried out with ten teachers who use ICT (“ProICT”) and teachers who do not use them (“NICT”), so that they could argue their reasons for not doing so. From the results obtained we detected that those who are more in favor of using technologies in the classroom point more to intrinsic reasons, such as attitude, dedication, and training, while those who use them less justify their decision not to use them to external factors such as lack of resources, technical problems, lack of time for training, class preparation or even the reference group of students. Teachers emphasize that training in digital competence, to introduce technology in the classroom, is essential, means opting for a global training that involves integrating ICT in the teacher himself, in order to bring them later to the classroom

Meso-Neoproterozoic basic-intermediate mafic granulites (metabasites) from the ∼1 Ga granulitic southwestern Oaxacan complex, Mexico, crustal evolution and phase equilibria modeling

Altres ajuts: acords transformatius de la UABThe basement of eastern Mexico is made up of Grenvillian granulite-facies metamorphic rocks, which constitute an inferred microcontinent named Oaxaquia. Proto-Oaxaquia oceanic arc reconstructions are related to the transition from Columbia to Rodinia supercontinents (∼1.5 Ga). This study focuses on the petrography, geochemistry, and phase equilibria modeling of metabasites from the southwestern Oaxacan Complex, the largest Oaxaquia outcrop. Southwestern Oaxacan Complex protoliths mainly correspond to gabbro/basalt. They constitute an assemblage apart from the rest of the Oaxacan Complex metabasites due to their Ti enrichment and SiO2 depletion related to post-magmatic/metamorphic processes. Southern study site metabasites correspond to the primitive root of the arc, mostly related to a divergent geotectonic setting. The other metabasites are related to the magmatic back/forearc active margin between proto-Oaxaquia and Amazonia craton. Phase equilibria modeling point to Zapotecan (last Grenvillian cycle) metamorphic peak conditions of 850 ± 25 °C and 1.0 ± 0.15 GPa from one garnet-amphibole bearing metabasite, and a later hydration episode (post-Grenvillian) of 760 ± 10 °C and 0.8 ± 0.20 GPa derived from one amphibole bearing metabasite. The time of incipient partial melting of the southwestern Oaxacan Complex is a pre-Zapotecan event (∼1 Ga). Mineral textures do not display significant processes related to the post-Zapotecan metamorphic retrogression, and only a few whole-rock light rare element patterns display strong enrichments

Phenomenology of high-ozone episodes in NE Spain

Ground-level and vertical measurements (performed using tethered and non-tethered balloons), coupled with modelling, of ozone (O3), other gaseous pollutants (NO, NO2, CO, SO2) and aerosols were carried out in the plains (Vic Plain) and valleys of the northern region of the Barcelona metropolitan area (BMA) in July 2015, an area typically recording the highest O3 episodes in Spain. Our results suggest that these very high O3 episodes were originated by three main contributions: (i) the surface fumigation from high O3 reservoir layers located at 1500-3000 m a.g.l. (according to modelling and non-tethered balloon measurements), and originated during the previous day(s) injections of polluted air masses at high altitude; (ii) local/regional photochemical production and transport (at lower heights) from the BMA and the surrounding coastal settlements, into the inland valleys; and (iii) external (to the study area) contributions of both O3 and precursors. These processes gave rise to maximal O3 levels in the inland plains and valleys northwards from the BMA when compared to the higher mountain sites. Thus, a maximum O3 concentration was observed within the lower tropospheric layer, characterised by an upward increase of O3 and black carbon (BC) up to around 100-200 m a.g.l. (reaching up to 300 µg m−3 of O3 as a 10 s average), followed by a decrease of both pollutants at higher altitudes, where BC and O3 concentrations alternate in layers with parallel variations, probably as a consequence of the atmospheric transport from the BMA and the return flows (to the sea) of strata injected at certain heights the previous day(s). At the highest altitudes reached in this study with the tethered balloons (900-1000 m a.g.l.) during the campaign, BC and O3 were often anti-correlated or unrelated, possibly due to a prevailing regional or even hemispheric contribution of O3 at those altitudes. In the central hours of the days a homogeneous O3 distribution was evidenced for the lowest 1 km of the atmosphere, although probably important variations could be expected at higher levels, where the high O3 return strata are injected according to the modelling results and non-tethered balloon data. Relatively low concentrations of ultrafine particles (UFPs) were found during the study, and nucleation episodes were only detected in the boundary layer. Two types of O3 episodes were identified: type A with major exceedances of the O3 information threshold (180 µg m−3 on an hourly basis) caused by a clear daily concatenation of local/regional production with accumulation (at upper levels), fumigation and direct transport from the BMA (closed circulation); and type B with regional O3 production without major recirculation (or fumigation) of the polluted BMA/regional air masses (open circulation), and relatively lower O3 levels, but still exceeding the 8 h averaged health target. To implement potential O3 control and abatement strategies two major key tasks are proposed: (i) meteorological forecasting, from June to August, to predict recirculation episodes so that NOx and VOC abatement measures can be applied before these episodes start; (ii) sensitivity analysis with high-resolution modelling to evaluate the effectiveness of these potential abatement measures of precursors for O3 reduction