515 research outputs found

    Feedstocks for Second-Generation Biodiesel: Microalgae’s Biology and Oil Composition

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    The solar energy is an inexhaustible source, while other energy reserves, like fossil and nuclear fuels, are limited in quantity and are depleted as years go by. Renewable energy is necessary to replace petroleum-derived fuels. The first generation biofuels, which are produced from oil seeds and crops, are a possible alternative, but they are limited in their capacity to provide all the energy demanded in the world. Therefore, new sources for the sustainable production of renewable energy are being looked for. This concern has promoted the keen interest in developing second generation biofuels, which are produced from other feedstocks, such as microalgal oils (Schenk et al., 2008; Mata et al., 2010). Some microalgal species are capable of producing biomass yields containing high percentages of oils (Aaronson et. al., 1980). In addition, microalgal systems can use low value natural resources, such as arid lands and saline water, thus offering the potential for large biomass energy contributions without competing for prime agricultural or forest land. Most microalgae grow photoautotrophically by using solar energy and mainly carbon dioxide as carbon source. Alternatively, some species can grow heterotrophically or mixotrophically using organic compounds as energy and carbon sources.Fil: Leonardi, Patricia Ines. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Popovich, Cecilia Angelines. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia; ArgentinaFil: Damiani, Maria Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Bahía Blanca. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Centro de Recursos Naturales Renovables de la Zona Semiárida; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Sur. Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia; Argentin

    Moving Objects Tracking in Distributed Maritime Observation Systems

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    This paper considers the processes of target tracking complicated by big data gaps in complex media such as Distributed Maritime Observation System (DMOS). The main purpose of DMOS is to support the favorable navigation conditions, monitoring, life-saving on the sea for different ships in harbors, maritime roads and open sea. DMOS can be considered as a heterogeneous distributed computer system, it includes different layers of services at different levels of abstraction: ship, harbor; regional and global levels. Such a framework is based on several satellite and maritime information systems that nowadays favor the integration of maritime data (e.g., AIS, ECDIS, OPTIMARE, GMDSS). Despite of the input data big volume the situations exist when gaps (e.g., time delays from minutes to hours) between target observations’ points are different. Well known algorithms of target tracking do not work properly in such situations. The proposed approach describes synthesis of analytical and simulation methods at tactical hypothesis development for the cases when suitable direct analytics is not applicable. Also, a joined artificial techniques’ scenario approach to tactical situation hypothesis development is proposed

    Comparison of the diagnostic efficiency of various noninvasive methods for diagnosing liver fibrosis in patients with chronic viral hepatitis C

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    Summary: the article presents the results of the examination of patients with chronic viral hepatitis C namely the study of the informativeness of instrumental (fibroelastography) and serological (the content of hyaluronic acid in serum) of markers of fibrosis by assessing their predictive value by ROC- analysis. The purpose of the study: to find out the possibility of non-invasive methods for diagnosing liver fibrosis in patients with chronic viral hepatitis C (CHC). Materials and methods 66 patients with CHC with the 1-st genotype of the virus were examined, which were at the dispensary observation and ambulatory treatment at DCC CCH №1 in Vinnitsa and in the clinical department of viral hepatitis at the Institute of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases named after L.V. Gromashevsky NAMS of Ukraine. All patients received fibroelastography (FEG) with a METAVIR score. All patients with CHC and group of control determined the content of hyaluronic acid (GA) in blood serum (ELISA using the Hyaluronic Acid (Corgenix, Inc., USA)). Research results Sensitivity of determination of GA in blood serum of patients with CHC with degree of fibrosis of liver F0-F2 was 91.23%, and specificity - 90.46%. For the FEG method, respectively: 74.33% and 77.25%. In the group of patients with degree of fibrosis F3 sensitivity of the definition of GA in blood serum was 72.21%, and specificity - 74.71%. The corresponding qualitative characteristics for FEG were: 98.32% and 91.45% respectively. The sensitivity of the determination of the content of GA in serum of patients with CHC with the degree of liver fibrosis F4 was 88.23%, and the specificity was 92.12%. For these patients the sensitivity and specificity of determining the degree of fibrosis by the FEG method were 87.78% and 91.45% respectively. Conclusions High diagnostic efficiency of determination of the content of GA in serum was established for assessing the degree of liver fibrosis in patients with CSF (AUC = 0,720-0,917, p˂0,01). Relatively higher sensitivity and specificity of the diagnosis of liver fibrosis was observed in determining the content of GA in serum compared with the FEG method (AUC = 0.914 vs. AUC = 0.817 (p˂0.05)) in the group with a lack or initial signs of liver fibrosis (F0-F2)

    Reactions of O,O-dialkyldithiophosphoric acids with non-activated α-olefins

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    Electrophilic addition reactions of O,O-dialkyldithiophosphoric acids to non-activated α-olefins proceeding in accordance with the Markovnikov's rule were studied. In the absence of a catalyst these reactions occur very slowly to give the products in low yields, while Lewis acid as a catalyst can greatly accelerate the reaction and increase the conversion in the Ad E-processes. A similar acceleration of the addition processes and an increase in the reaction product yield occur at the action of ultrasound on the reaction medium. © 2012 Pleiades Publishing, Ltd.

    Traumeel S – bioregulatory approach in the treatment of inflammation

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    Department of Research, Ukrainian Academy of Biological Medicine, Kiev, Ukraine, Department of Internal Medicine, Ukrainian Medical Dental Academy, Poltava, UkraineBackground: In the treatment of inflammation, the action of widely used non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) is directed mainly to inhibit the synthesis of proinflammatory mediators, cell migration and proliferation, as well as to stimulate the formation of anti-inflammatory agents. These effects allow to quickly and significantly limit the severe symptoms of acute inflammation and pain. However, at the same time, NSAIDs suppress the sanogenetic mechanism of inflammation. Absence of correction of pathogenetic mechanisms of inflammation can lead to chronic inflammation and development of its complications (cicatricial changes, adhesions, contractures, etc.). Also, nonselectivity of NSAIDs contributes to the development of known side effects. And inhibitors of cyclooxygenase 2, as it became known, with excess daily therapeutic dose also cause serious side effects. New possibilities for solving this problem have already been demonstrated by the bioregulatory approach and the complex bioregulatory medicines (BRMs) created on its principles. Conclusions: The complex bioregulatory action of the medicine Traumeel S allows to control and optimize the course of the inflammatory process wherever it is located and of any form. Its use contributes to the full completion of inflammation with the recovery of the structure and function of the tissue, reduces the risk of complications and chronic inflammation. Such characteristics, combined with good tolerability (absence of side effects characteristic to NSAIDs) make Traumeel S a simple and reliable assistant to a doctor of any specialty in the treatment of inflammatory diseases of different localization

    An hypothesis to explain the ultrafiltration characteristics of peritoneal dialysis

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    Net removal of fluid and sodium from the body during peritoneal dialysis is accomplished with dialysis solutions that contain high glucose concentrations and are hyperosmolar to body fluid [1]. Commercially available peritoneal dialysis solutions contain glucose concentrations ranging from 1.5 to 4.25 g/dl and have osmolalities ranging from 334 to 490 mOsm/kg H2O. The solutions also contain concentrations of sodium, chloride, magnesium, and calcium that approach those of normal extracellular fluid. Acetate or lactate, rather than bicarbonate, is used as the nonchloride anion. Potassium may be added or, depending on the need for potassium removal, solutions may be potassium-free

    Toxico-hygienic characteristics of glassplastic pins «PASS»

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    Описаны токсико-гигиенические характеристики новых отечественных стеклопластиковых штифтов «Пасс». Полученные результаты позволяют рекомендовать эти материалы для применения в практической стоматологии; Описано токсико-гігієнічні характеристики нових вітчизняних склопластикових штифтів «Пасс». Отримані результати дозволяють рекомендувати ці матеріали для застосування в практичній стоматології; Toxico-hygienic characteristics of new domestic glassplastic pins “Pass” were described. The received results allow to recommend this pins for application in practical stomatology

    Машинный перевод: к проблеме постредактирования

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    В исследовании проведен опыт постредактирования романа Лоис Лоури «The Silent Boy», первая глава которого переведена на русский язык тремя автоматическими системами: Яндекс.Переводчиком, Google Translate и DeepL Translate. Даны практические рекомендации по усовершенствованию работы постредакторов.This research is an experience of post-editing the novel “The Silent Boy” by Lois Lowry, its first chapter having been translated into Russian by three automatic systems: Yandex Translate, Google Translate and DeepL Translate. There are provided practical recommendations for improving post-editors’ work

    Подходы Финляндии к вступлению в НАТО

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    For the region of Northern Europe the beginning of 2022 was marked by an important event — the application of Finland and Sweden for membership in the NATO military alliance. For both countries the move signified the end of decades of the neutrality policy, and the North Atlantic Alliance expansion would be relatively significant for the first time since 2009. One of the main features of Finland’s and Sweden’s process of joining NATO was the desire of both countries’ administrations to achieve the Alliance membership simultaneously. Due to certain difficulties that had risen on the international level and prevented Sweden from becoming a member of the organization swiftly, the Finnish administration made the ultimate decision to join NATO independently from Sweden. The decision was connected with the abandonment of the principle of “special relations” between Sweden and Finland. The approval of the NATO membership bill during its ratification in the Finnish parliament was not unanimous. Several lawmakers spoke out against the country’s integration with NATO. This and other factors testify to the controversial attitude to NATO in the Finnish society. “The Kurdish issue” was among the important aspects of Finland’s North Atlantic Alliance joining process. Prior to 2022 Finland along with Sweden adhered to the position of supporting various Kurdish groups that were recognized in Turkey as terrorist organizations. Finland also took in a lot of Kurdish refugees and provided political asylum to some of them. The Turkish authorities were dissatisfied with those actions hence in May 2022 Turkey blocked the NATO membership application of the Finnish republic. “The Kurdish issue” was not fully resolved, but the sides managed to reach a compromise.Начало 2022 года для Североевропейского региона было ознаменовано важным событием — подачей Швецией и Финляндией заявок на вступление в военный блок НАТО. Для обеих стран данный шаг означал завершение проводимой десятилетиями политики нейтралитета, а для Североатлантического альянса — первое с 2009 года относительно масштабное расширение организации. Одной из ключевых особенностей процесса вступления Швеции и Финляндии в НАТО стало стремление правящих кругов этих стран добиться одновременного присоединения двух государств к Альянсу. В связи с возникновением трудностей международного характера, препятствующих быстрому вступлению Швеции в НАТО, власти Финляндии в конечном итоге приняли решение о присоединении к организации независимо от Стокгольма. Принятие данного решения сопряжено с отказом от принципа «особых отношений» между Швецией и Финляндией. Одобрение законопроекта о вступлении в Североатлантический альянс в ходе его ратификации в финляндском парламенте не было единогласным. Ряд депутатов выступил против интеграции страны с Альянсом. Этот и иные факторы свидетельствуют о неоднозначном отношении к НАТО в финляндском обществе. Важным аспектом вступления Финляндии в НАТО выступил «курдский вопрос». До 2022 года Финляндия совместно со Швецией придерживалась позиции поддержки курдских организаций, признанных в Турции террористическими, и принимала значительное количество курдских беженцев, предоставляя некоторым из них политическое убежище. Турецкие власти не устраивала подобная политика Финляндии, и в мае 2022 года Турция заблокировала рассмотрение заявки Финляндской Республики на вступление в НАТО. «Курдский вопрос» не был разрешен до конца, однако стороны смогли прийти к компромиссу
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