Pemertahanan Dialek Banyumas terhadap Dominasi Dialek Solo-Yogya

Key words: language maintenance-dialect-standard languag

On Speech Acts

This paper is intended to give insights to the readers about the development of speech act theories which include categories, characteristics, validities, and strategies. The research begins with the classification of speech acts done by some experts and continues with the description of characteristics and validities carried out especially by Austin and Searle, and ends with speech act strategies developed by Parker and Riley, using examples taken from Indonesian, Javanese, Balinese, and English, four languages that the writer masters relatively well. Most Indonesian, Balinese, and Javanese data together with their context are created intuitively as a native or nearly-native speaker while some English utterances are created and the others extracted from pragmatic textbooks used as references in this study. Research findings show that there are various types of speech acts, and each speech act has its own validity conditions. Among them, illocutionary acts constitute the focal point of pragmatics’ studies. The description shows that every expert of pragmatics uses different categories in classifying illocutionary acts, and the kinds of strategies used to express them.Keywords: pragmatics, speech act, speech act strategy

PERANAN BAHASA-BAHASA DAERAH DALAM PERKEMBANGAN BAHASA GAUL REMAJA INDONESIA

Pembinaan dan pengembangan bahasa pada hakikatnya adalah usaha yang terus- menerus dilakukan untuk membina bahasa baku dari bahasa resmi atau bahasa nasional dan ragam-ragam bahasanya dengan berbagai macam cara. Salah satu di antaranya adalah dengan membina bahasa-bahasa daerah yang nantinya dapat digunakan untuk mendukung perkembangan bahasa resmi atau bahasa nasional dan semua ragam yang ada. Dari penelitian yang telah dilakukan, saat ini hanya bahasa Jawa yang memberikan sumbangan kepada perkembangan bahasa Indonesia, yakni sebesar 20%. Sementara itu, kontribusi bahasa-bahasa daerah yang lain sangat kecil. Padahal, menurut garis kebijakan justru diharapkan kontribusi bahasa-bahasa daerah lebih besar dibandingkan kontribusi unsurunsur dari bahasa asing. Semakin kecilnya peranan bahasa daerah ini adalah cerminan dari sikap dan penghargaan penutur bahasa terhadap bahasa-bahasa daerah yang ada sehingga dikhawatirkan beberapa bahasa daerah akan semakin kecil jumlah penuturnya, dan mati. Penelitian ini akan membuktikan betapa pentingnya peranan bahasa daerah di dalam perkembangan pemakaian bahasa gaul remaja sejajar dengan bahasa-bahasa asing yang lain, seperti bahasa Inggris, bahasa Belanda, bahasa Mandarin, dsb. yang selama ini belum pernah diperhatikan para ahli bahasa. Hasil penelitian ini diharapkan semakin menyadarkan semua pihak akan pentingnya peranan bahasa-bahasa daerah di dalam mengembangkan bahasa nasional atau bahasa resmi dan perkembangan ragam-ragam bahasa lainnya sebagai salah satu kekayaan budaya bangsa yang tidak ternilai harganya

Adverb in Indonesian

This paper is intended to describe the forms and meanings of adverb in Indonesian. Adverbs are “words” that function to specify or locate the proposition expressed within the clause. By this concept, I limit my attention to merely what the so called “extra clausal adverbs”, a categorical concept along with noun, adjective, verb, etc. This concept is fundamentally differentiated from “adverbials”, elements of  clause structure along with subject, predicate, object, etc. By using data collected through introspective methods and some extracted from Intisari, and after analyzing them using distributional analysis followed by its continuation techniques (permutation, paraphrase, and comparison), the reasearch found that Indonesian adverbs are formally constructed at least by four kinds of morphological process, i.e. conversion, affixation, reduplication, and compounding. As far as the semantic roles are concerned, they can mainly be classified into four types, i.e adverbs of manner and state, adverbs of modality, adverbs  of frequency and quantity, adverbs of time. Finally, the differences that hold among Indonesian adverbs belong to the same semantic types might be related to  degree of formality, intensity, politeness, and style of the utturances. AbstrakMakalah ini bertujuan untuk memerikan bentuk dan makna adverbia dalam bahasa Indonesia. Adverbia adalah kata-kata yang berfungsi untuk mengkhususkan atau melokasikan proposisi yang diungkapkan oleh sebuah klausa. Dengan konsep ini, penulis membatasi perhatian pada apa yang selama ini disebut adverbia ekstra klausal, konsep kategori yang sepadan dengan nomina, adjektiva, verba, dsb. Konsep ini secara fundamental dibedakan dengan adverbial, elemen struktur  klausa yang sepadan dengan subjek, predikat, objek, dsb. Dengan data yang dikumpulkan melalui metode introspektif dan beberapa di antaranya dikumpulkan dari Majalah Intisari, dan setelah menganalisisnya dengan metode distribusional disertai dengan teknik lanjutannya (permutasi, parafrase, dan perbandingan), penelitian menemukan bahwa adverbia bahasa Indonesia sekurang-kurangnya dikonstruksi secara formal dengan proses konversi, afiksasi, reduplikasi, dan pemajemukan. Sementara itu berdasarkan peran semantisnya adverbia bahasa Indonesia dapat dibedakan menjadi adverbia cara dan keadaan, modalitas, keseringan dan kuantitas, dan waktu. Akhirnya adverbia-adverbia yang tergolong ke dalam tipe semantik yang sama memiliki perbedaan dalam hal tingkat keformalan, intensitas, kesantunan, dan ragam tuturan.

Poetic Function of Truck Container Signs in Indonesia

In the pursuit of life comfort, human beings will never stop to do various ways with everything close to their surrounding, and language as the primary means of communication is one of tools used to realize this purpose. For the sake of fulfilling, their aesthetic need, human beings often exploit their linguistic ability to produce aesthetic discourses. This paper will try to analyse the poetic functions truck container signs passed over roads in Indonesia. In order to create aesthetic signs, the creators massively exploit various types of rhyming formulas, metaphors, similes, contradictions, hyperboles, literary style diction.    AbstrakDalam upaya menemukan kenyamanan hidupnya, manusia tidak akan pernah berhenti melakukan berbagai hal terhadap segala sesuatu yang dekat dengan lingkungan hidupnya, termasuk terhadap bahasa yang merupakan alat komunikasi verbal yang paling utama. Untuk memenuhi kebutuhan estetis ini, mereka sering memanfaatkan kemampuan berbahasanya untuk memproduksi wacana-wacana yang estetis. Makalah ini akan berusaha menganalisis fungsi poetik wacana tulisan di bak-bak truk yang melintas di jalan raya seluruh Indonesia. Dalam usaha menciptakan wacana yang estetis, para penciptanya secara masif memanfaatkan formula-formula berirama, metafora, simile, kontradiksi, hiperbola, kata-kata ragam sastra. 

Discourses of Truck Container Signs in Indonesia

This article attempts to analyze truck container sign discourses found in Indonesia from three perspectives: linguistics, sociolinguistics, and pragmatics. Using data collected from google search and one from my data collection, through careful observation and contextual method, it is found that structurally the truck signs can be constructed in the forms of single sentence discourse and multi-sentence discourse of a maximum of 9 sentences. The language style used is informal or colloquial, characterized by massive code-mixing among three out of four languages, i.e. Indonesian, Javanese, English, and Sundanese. The discourses are exploited to perform various kinds of speech acts in varieties of strategies and to carry out many communicative functions: emotive, conative, referential, phatic, metalingual, poetic, and recreative.

Erotical Riddles in Javanese and Indonesian

This article is about erotical riddles found in Javanese and Indonesian. By using data collected and formulated through an introspective method, it is found that the addressers commonly construct erotic riddles in odd interrogative sentence types intended to deceive and mislead the addressees. The riddled topics are mostly about human genital and everything related to it, woman's breasts, and sexual activity. The humorous riddle discourses are created by various riddling techniques, such as analogy and metaphor, homonymy, sound change, word and syllabic permutation, and metonymy. Javanese and Indonesian erotic riddle discourses often contain code-mixing of the two codes mastered almost equally well by the bilingual interlocutors living in bilingual and diglossic speech communities

MAKIAN DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA: Studi tentang Bentuk dan Referensinya

This paper aims at describing forms of swearing expressions and their references used in bahasa Indonesia. Data which are extracted from The Big Indonesian Dictionary (Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia), Indonesian commic books, and the writer\u27s intuitions as an Indonesian native speaker, indicate that the swearing expressions can take several forms, i.e. words, phrases, and clauses. With regards to their references, the sevearing expressions mainly refer to mental state or unlucky situation, animals, devils, bad things, parts of human body, kinship terms, sexual activities and professions. Keyword: swearing - expression - term and referenc