Human and environmental risk ranking of onsite sewage disposal systems for Oahu

This study evaluated the human health and environmental risk posed by on-site sewage disposal systems (OSDS). Oahu, Hawaii, was chosen as the study area for this project to develop and implement the methodology that will be applied to other islands in the future. The specific objectives of this study were to: • Estimate the quantity and types of OSDS on Oahu; • Estimate the effluent load discharged to the environment by these systems; • Identify which individual critical receptors (drinking water sources, streams and near shore waters) are most impacted by OSDS; • Identify other factors contributing to potential risk of OSDS; • Develop a risk scoring scheme based on various factors to assist regulatory managers in prioritizing inspection efforts for OSDS; and • Assign a risk score to each OSDS.Safe Drinking Water Branch, Department of Health, State of Hawai

Morbi-Mortalité des Contusions Abdominales : La Face Visible de L’iceberg

Objectif : rapporter la morbimortalité des contusions abdominales (CA) à l’hôpital national de Niamey. Patients et méthode : il s’agissait d’une étude rétrospective, descriptive et analytique sur 4 ans incluant les patients pris en charge pour CA à l’hôpital national de Niamey. Les variables étudiées étaient le sexe, l’âge, le mode de traitement, les lésions abdominales, les lésions associées, la morbidité et la mortalité. Résultats : l’étude incluait 137 patients, soit 1,6% des urgences abdominales. Il s’agissait de 116 hommes et de 27 femmes avec un sex ratio de 5,52. L’âge moyen des patients était de 22,09 ±12,3 ans. Le délai moyen d’admission était de 18,4 ±26,3 heures. Les accidents de la voie publique représentaient 49,64% des circonstances de survenue du traumatisme. La CA était isolée chez 75,2% des patients et associée à une lésion extra-abdominale chez 24,8% des patients. Cette association lésionnelle réalisait un polytraumatisme chez 18,9% des patients. Les lésions abdominales étaient dominées par les lésions spléniques survenues chez 38,6% des patients, suivies par les lésions de l’intestin grêle chez 12,4% des patients. Une complication était survenue chez 10,9% des patients et 6,5% des patients étaient décédés à l’hôpital. La survenue de complications était influencée par le délai d’admission et la survenue d’une péritonite (p=0,002). L’hémorragie était la principale cause de décès. Conclusion : les CA constituent un traumatisme de l’adulte jeune de sexe masculin. La morbimortalité des CA n’est peut être que ‘’la face visible de l’iceberg’’. Objective : to report the morbidity and the mortality of the blunt abdominal trauma (BAT) at the national hospital of Niamey. Patients and method: it was a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study over 4 years including patients managed for BAT at the national hospital of Niamey. The variables analyzed were the age, sex, treatment, abdominal organs injury, associated injury, morbidity and mortality. Results: the study included 137 patients, whether 1.6% of abdominal emergencies. They were 116 men and 27 women, with a sex ratio of 5.52. The average age was 22.09[±12.3] years old. The average intake time was 18.43[±26.3] hours. Car crashes accounted for 49.64% of the circumstances of the trauma. The BAT was isolated in 75.2% of patients and associated to a (34) extra-abdominal trauma in 24.8% of patients. This lesional association achieved polytrauma in 18.9% of patients. The most abdominal organ injured was spleen in 38.6% of patients followed by small intestine in 12.4% of patients. The morbidity rate was 10.9% and the intrahospital mortality rate was 6.5%. The occurrence of morbidity was influenced by the intake time and the occurrence of peritonitis (p=0.002). Hemorrhage was the leading cause of death. Conclusion: BAT are most frequent in young male adults at national hospital of Niamey. The morbimortality of BAT is perhaps ‘’the visible face of the iceberg’’

A Systematic Review: Factors Affecting Employees’ Adoption of E-government Using an Integration of UTAUT & TTF Theories

Information and communication technologies (ICT) have been implemented mainly in government organizations, where e-government has become prevalent. The previous research focuses mostly on e-government adoption from the perspective of citizens. However, there is a scarcity of research conducted from the viewpoint of the employee. This study tried to identify and predict the factors that influence an employee to adopt technology implemented at the workplace by focusing on acceptance technology theories. The unified theory of acceptance and usage of technology (UTAUT) and Task-technology fit (TTF) using relevant findings in this review. The attempt to conduct a comprehensive explanation and analysis of the existing literature up to 2018, to understand the current situation of e-government implementation. Reviewing procedures were done by reviewing articles on e-government and related work by using indexing databases “web of science & Scopus. Finally, the results of this paper are the factors that make employees directly or indirectly adopt e-government

Breastfeeding and growth of healthy infants followed from birth to 18 months

Optimal nutrition and regular growth assessment are essential components of healthcare for all children in order to detect early  problems related to their nutritional status before they are seriously compromised. The objective of our study was to describe the feeding and growth of healthy breastfeeding infants (0-18 months) in North East of Algeria. A prospective and descriptive study of the observational type was conducted, in the service of maternal and child protection at the public health establishment of Skikda (Algeria).The population constituted mothers and their infants (1-3 months) who presented for the first or second immunization visit and were followed up to 18 months. Data were collected by interviewing mothers using an adapted WHO (2004) questionnaire according to visits of the Algerian vaccination calendar (1st, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 9th and 18th months). Children were monitored for breastfeeding,  complementary feeding and growth. Monitoring growth from birth (1, 3, 4, 5, 9 and 18 months) was done by taking anthropometric measurements (weight, height and head circumference), the evaluation of motor development and the calculation of anthropometric growth indices according to WHO standards (2006, 2007): weight/age (W/A), height/age (H/A), weight/height (W/H), body mass index/age (BMI/A) and head circumference/age (HC/A). A total of 159 infants were enrolled, including 83 (52.2%) girls, giving a sex ratio of 0.92. From 1 to 5 months, exclusive and predominant breastfeeding did not differ by sex (p>0.05). Exclusive breastfeeding was observed in 15.7% of infants at the first month versus 7.5% at 5 months. Predominant breastfeeding increased from 84.3% in the first month to 92.5% at 5 months, while complementary feeding started from four months. All mothers continued partial breastfeeding for up to one year. All children had normal motor development. Weight status (4-18 months) did not differ by sex (p>0.05). At the end ofthe study, 5.8% of the infants showed body wasting, lean (4.8%), stunted (2.7%) while 83.8% were within the normal weight range. To improve the nutritional status of Algerian infants, the promotion of exclusive breastfeeding and management of their diet is necessary by provision of a diversified complementary diet, which includes all macro and micronutrients, meets all energy and nutritional needs and teaches them good eating habits and behaviors. Key words: Infants, breastfeeding, weight, height, BMI, monitoring, growth, complementary feeding, Algeri

The Tuning System for the HIE-ISOLDE High-Beta Quarter Wave Resonator

A new linac using superconducting quarter-wave resonators (QWR) is under construction at CERN in the framework of the HIE-ISOLDE project. The QWRs are made of niobium sputtered on a bulk copper substrate. The working frequency at 4.5 K is 101.28 MHz and they will provide 6 MV/m accelerating gradient on the beam axis with a total maximum power dissipation of 10 W on cavity walls. A tuning system is required in order to both minimize the forward power variation in beam operation and to compensate the unavoidable uncertainties in the frequency shift during the cool-down process. The tuning system has to fulfil a complex combination of RF, structural and thermal requirements. The paper presents the functional specifications and details the tuning system RF and mechanical design and simulations. The results of the tests performed on a prototype system are discussed and the industrialization strategy is presented in view of final production.Comment: 5 pages, The 16th International Conference on RF Superconductivity (SRF2013), Paris, France, Sep 23-27, 201

Prise En Charge Des Plaies Pénétrantes De L’abdomen À L’hôpital National De Niamey

Objectif : rapporter les résultats de la prise en charge des plaies pénétrantes de l’abdomen à l’hôpital national de Niamey au Niger. Patients et méthodes : il s’agissait d’une étude rétrospective et descriptive sur une période de 2 ans. L’étude a concerné tous les patients de tout âge pris en charge à l’hôpital national de Niamey pour plaie pénétrantes de l’abdomen. Résultats : l’étude incluait 51 patients, soit 0,88% des traumatismes. Il s’agissait de 6 femmes et 45 hommes, soit un sex ratio de 7,5. L’âge moyen des patients était de 28 ans [±10,2]. Le délai moyen d’admission était de 4,86 heures [±2,08]. Dans 84,32% des cas les patients étaient transportés à l’hôpital dans un véhicule non médicalisé. Les agressions représentaient 78,44% des circonstances de survenue et la plaie abdominale s’intégrait dans un contexte de polytraumatisme chez 21,53% des patients. Une éviscération était présente chez 31,37% des patients. Le traitement était opératoire chez 90,19% des patients avec 19,56% de laparotomie non thérapeutique. L’organe le plus lésé était l’intestin grêle dans 31,37% des cas suivi du colon dans 23,52% des cas. La morbidité globale était de 33,37% dominée par les hémorragies postopératoires dans 8,69% des cas. La mortalité était de 13,73% avec 50,14% de décès en postopératoire immédiat par hémorragie secondaire ; 28,58% de décès par retard de l’hémostase chirurgicale et 14,28% de décès par défaut de compensation des pertes sanguines en urgence.Conclusion : les plaies de l’abdomen sont fréquentes chez l’adulte jeune de sexe masculin. Elles sont souvent dues à une agression par armes blanches avec un taux élevé de décès. Objective: to report the results of the management of the penetrating abdominal wounds at the national hospital of Niamey. Patients and method: it was a retrospective and descriptive study over 2 years. The study included the patients of all ages managed for penetrating abdominal wounds at national hospital of Niamey in Niger. Results: the study includes 51 patients whether 0.88 % of trauma. They were 45 men and 6 women, with a sex ratio of 7.5. The average age was 28 [±10.2] years old. The average intake time was 4.86 [2.08] hours. In 84. 32% of cases, patients were transported to the hospital in non-medical vehicle. The assault accounted for 78.44% of the circumstances of the occurrence and the penetrating abdominal wound was integrated into a polytrauma in 21.53% of cases. An evisceration was present in 31.37 % of cases. The management was operative in 90.19% of cases with 19.56% of non-therapeutic laparotomy. The most injured organ was the small intestine in 31.37% of cases followed by the colon in 23.52% of cases. The overall morbidity was 33.37%, dominated by postoperative hemorrhages in 8.69% of cases. The mortality was 13.73% with 50.14% of immediate deaths by secondary hemorrhage, 28.58% of deaths by delay of the surgical hemostasis and 14.28% of deaths by a failure of compensation of the blood losses in emergency room. Conclusion: the penetrating abdominal wounds are common in young adult males. They are often due to a stabbing assault with a high death rate

Can Desarda Technique Repair all Adult Inguinal Hernia?

Objectives: This paper focuses on reporting the results of the daily use of the Desarda technique for the treatment of adult inguinal hernias without selection of patients at national hospital of Niamey. Patients and Method: This was a prospective and descriptive study from December 2012 to August 2014. It included 76 patients aged over 15 years who underwent inguinal hernia repair by Desarda technique without any selection. The variables studied include the type of inguinal hernia, the Nyhus class of inguinal hernia, the operating time, the postoperative pain, and the hernia recurrences. Results: There were 74 men and 2 women. The average age of the patients was 43.6 years [± 17.6]. Inguinal hernia was found in 57.9% of patients. There were 76.31% simple hernias, 15.80% recurrent hernias, 2.63% intractable hernias by loss of domain, and 5.26% strangulated hernias. 90.79% of the patients were operated under spinal anesthesia. The most frequent types of inguinal hernia were Nyhus type 2 found in 35.52% of patients, followed by Nyhus type 3b found in 30.26% of patients. The mean operative time was 46.67 [± 11.5] minutes. The immediate operative follow-up was marked by the occurrence of a hematoma of the scrotum in two patients. There was no recurrence of chronic postoperative pain after a median follow up of 40 months. Conclusion: The Desarda technique could be a good alternative for the cure of all inguinal hernias of adults

Isolated radial volar dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint :A rare injury

Isolated palmar dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint is an uncommon injury and classified as radio-palmar or ulno-palmar according to the direction of displacement of the fifth metacarpal base . This very rare injury is often  difficult to recognize. A careful neurologic assessment of the patient is a  necessity, as well as obtaining proper radiographs of the hand. The purpose of this report is to present a patient with a pure isolated volar dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint that was satisfactorily treated with closed  reduction and casting. A review of the literature is presente

Sedimentological review of upper triassic (Mulussa F formation) in Euphrates-Graben Syria

© Medwell Journals, 2016.Mulussa F formation is one of the important geological formations constituting the Mulussa group in Syria. The objective of this research is to review of sediments Mulussa F formation. Its deposits contain almost 50% of hydrocarbon potential through Euphrates Graben. Boreholes data permitted confining the formation between two Lithostratigraphic markers and enabled its division into three Lithostratigraphic members MUF3, MUF2, MUF1 (from bottom to top). Each member consists of a set of units, subunits and lithologic intervals. Petrology studying provides a precise petrological description of various formation members and their Digenetic. Results show that the members of the structure are composed of continental detrital sediments made up of clay stones (Kaolinite/Illite) and Shale/Dolomitic clay stone, covered by intervals of quartz sandstones, clay sandstones and silt sandstones. The carbonate sediments are absent from the formation unless it's base which consists of Dolomitic clay stone and its top which are close to carbonate composition. This sediment of those members spread out as repeated or harmonic alternations whose faces gradients reflect transgression and regression sequences. Due to the historical value of Mulussa F formation, it is vital to investigate its sediments status. The study of these sediments leads to represent narrow barriers near river mouth with meandering channels and limited coastal deposits

1-(5-Bromo-4-phenyl-1,3-thia­zol-2-yl)pyrrolidin-2-one

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C13H11BrN2OS, consists of two crystallographically independent mol­ecules (A and B). In each mol­ecule, the pyrrolidine ring adopts an envelope conformation with a methyl­ene C atom as the flap atom. In mol­ecule A, the central thia­zole ring makes a dihedral angle of 36.69 (11)° with the adjacent phenyl ring, whereas the corresponding angle is 36.85 (12)° in mol­ecule B. The pyrrolidine ring is slightly twisted from the thia­zole ring, with C—N—C—N torsion angles of 4.8 (3) and 3.0 (4)° in mol­ecules A and B, respectively. In the crystal, C—H⋯π and π–π [centroid-to-centroid distance = 3.7539 (14) Å] inter­actions are observed. The crystal studied was a pseudo-merohedral twin with twin law (-100 0-10 101) and a refined component ratio of 0.7188 (5):0.2812 (5)