76 research outputs found

    The impact of diabetes on coronary heart disease differs from that on ischaemic stroke with regard to the gender

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    <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>To study the diabetes related CVD risk between men and women of different ages.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>Hazards ratios (HRs) (95%CI) for acute CHD and ischaemic stroke events were estimated based on data of Finnish and Swedish cohorts of 5111 women and 4167 men.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>182 (3.6%) women and 348 (8.4%) men had CHD and 129 (2.5%) women and 137 (3.3%) men ischaemic stroke events. The multivariate adjusted HRs for acute CHD at age groups of 40–49, 50–59 and 60–69 years were 1.00 (1.94), 1.78 (4.23), 3.75 (8.40) in women (men) without diabetes and 4.35 (5.40), 5.49 (9.54) and 8.84 (13.76) in women (men) with diabetes. The corresponding HRs for ischaemic stroke were 1.00 (1.26), 2.48 (2.83) and 5.17 (5.11) in women (men) without diabetes and 4.14 (4.91), 3.32 (6.75) and 13.91 (18.06) in women (men) with diabetes, respectively.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>CHD risk was higher in men than in women but difference reduced in diabetic population. Diabetes, however, increased stroke risk more in men than in women.</p

    Invertebrate collections policy of the Finnish Museum of Natural History

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    The collection policy of the Finnish Museum of Natural History Luomus is hierarchically structured. General principles and guidelines are defined in the General Collections Policy. Subordinate to it, the collection policies for the individual sub-collections implement and specify these guidelines and instructions, considering the special nature of each subcollection. The invertebrate collections policy in 2017 was the first sub-collection policy to observe this hierarchical structure, and was guided by the standards set by the European SYNTHESYS collections management self-assessment procedure. The invertebrate collections policy directs all activities related to the Luomus invertebrate collections (apart from DNA and tissue samples), which comprise the separately managed entomological collections (ca. 9 million specimens) and collections of other invertebrates (0.4 million). The policy defines the purpose of the collections, outlines the objectives and content of procedures and activities related to them, the division of responsibilities for the administration and care of the collections within the organisation, and the principles and practices for the acquisition, preservation, accessibility and use of the collections.Non peer reviewe

    Lohen vaelluspoikasten alasvaellus rakennetussa ja luonnontilaisessa joessa : Vertailututkimus Kemi-Ounasjoessa ja Tornion-Muonionjoessa

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    Lohen luonnonkierron kÀynnistÀmisen perusedellytyksiÀ ovat kahteen suuntaan toimivat vaellusyhteydet; vaelluspoikasten on selviydyttÀvÀ kotijoistaan niiden mereisille kasvualueille ja toisaalta kutuvalmiiden kalojen takaisin jokien lisÀÀntymisalueille. Rakennetuissa joissa kalojen kaksisuuntaisissa vaellusyhteyksissÀ on tavallisesti huomattavia ongelmia. Suomessa vÀhÀlle huomiolle on jÀÀnyt erityisesti vaelluspoikasten alasvaellusongelmat ja niiden ratkaisumahdollisuudet. Luonnonvarakeskus on kuitenkin viime vuosina kÀynnistÀnyt laajoja alasvaellustkimuksia useilla rakennetuilla joilla, tavoitteena niin ongelmien tunnistaminen kuin potentiaalisten ratkaisumallien kehittÀminen. TÀmÀn tutkimuksen pÀÀtavoitteena oli selvittÀÀ lohen vaelluspoikasten alasvaellusongelmia vesivoimantuotantoon rakennetulla Kemi-Ounasjoella sekÀ suhteuttaa nÀiden ongelmien laajuus ja esiintyminen luonnontilaisen vertailujoen (Tornio Muoniojoki) tuloksiin. Tutkimus toteutettiin radiotelemetriatekniikalla samanaikaisesti ja samoilla koeasetelmilla molemmissa joissa. Tulokset osoittivat selvÀsti rakennetun joen ja rakennetun jokiosuuden suuren merkityksen smolttien alasvaelluskuolleisuudelle. Vaelluspoikasten selviytyminen oli rakennetulla joella 6-7 kertaa heikompaa kuin luonnontilaisella joella. Rakennetun joen luonnontilaisella osuudella (Ounasjoki) selviytyminen sitÀ vastoin oli samaa tasoa kuin luonnontilaisella vertailujoella. Rakennetulla jokiosuudella (Kemijoki) vaellus pysÀhtyi pÀÀosin toiselle tai kolmannelle voimalaitokselle saavuttaessa. Poikasten vaellusnopeus oli rakennetulla jokiosuudella huomattavasti hitaampi kuin luonnontilaisella jokiosuudella tai luonnontilaisella joella. Vaikka tÀssÀ tutkimuksessa ei saatu suoria havaintoja vaelluspoikaskuolleisuuden syistÀ, johtuu korkea kuolleisuus todennÀköisesti voimakkaasta predaatiosta. Vaelluspoikasten hidas vaellusvauhti patoaltailla ja pysÀhtyminen patojen ylÀpuolelle lisÀÀ poikasten saaliiksi jÀÀmisen riskiÀ. Lohen vaelluspoikasten huomattavan korkea alasvaelluskuolleisuus rakennetulla Kemijoella on merkittÀvÀ ongelma vesistön vaelluskalakantojen elvyttÀmispyrkimyksille. Kemijoen ja muiden voimakkaasti rakennettujen jokien lohikalakantojen kestÀvÀ elvyttÀminen edellyttÀÀkin alasvaelluskuolleisuuden huomattavaa vÀhentÀmistÀ kaikin mahdollisin keinoin. Alasvaelluksen turvaamiseksi on maailmalla kehitetty useita erilaisia alasvaellusrakenteita, joiden tarkoitus on ohjata kalat nopeasti turvalliselle alasvaellusreitille. Erilaisissa ja vaihtelevissa olosuhteissa hyvin toimivien alasvaellusratkaisujen kehittÀminen on kuitenkin osoittautunut haastavaksi, ongelmien korostuessa isoilla, Kemijoen kaltaisilla joilla. Vaihtoehtoisesti vaelluspoikasia voidaan ottaa kiinni (esim. rysÀpyynti) ja kuljettaa voimalaitospatojen ohi jokisuulle, mikÀ voi olla potentiaalinen ratkaisu useiden voimalaitospatojen joissa, mahdollisesti myös Kemijoella.201

    ‘Democracy’ and ‘People’s Power’ in the Finnish Parliament – the Struggle between Representative, Participatory and Direct Democracy

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    The Finnish language is one that offers two translations of the concept ‘democracy,’ demokratia and kansanvalta (people’s power), which have remained in active political use. We analyse the existence of two terms as a linguistic affordance, providing political agents with possibilities for resisting and supporting the prevailing interpretations of democracy. We ask how and where the different versions occur in parliamentary speech (1980–2021) and in the MPs’ interviews (1998–2018). In quantitative analysis, we study the relative appearance of words close to these terms. In qualitative analysis, we study such terms (e.g. representative, Finnish and western) that have different profiles with demokratia and kansanvalta and study how these terms characterise and shape democracy. This way, we are able to question the dictionary-based understanding of these terms as synonyms. The difference between them is both geographical, kansanvalta referring more strictly to domestic phenomena, and functional, since demokratia covers most of the issues of procedural democracy and kansanvalta more distinctively the realisation of the presumed will of the people

    Using parsed and annotated corpora to analyze parliamentarians' talk in Finland

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    We present a search system for grammatically analyzed corpora of Finnish parliamentary records and interviews with former parliamentarians, annotated with metadata of talk structure and involved parliamentarians, and discuss their use through carefully chosen digital humanities case studies. We first introduce the construction, contents, and principles of use of the corpora. Then we discuss the application of the search system and the corpora to study how politicians talk about power, how ideological terms are used in political speech, and how to identify narratives in the data. All case studies stem from questions in the humanities and the social sciences, but rely on the grammatically parsed corpora in both identifying and quantifying passages of interest. Finally, the paper discusses the role of natural language processing methods for questions in the (digital) humanities. It makes the claim that a digital humanities inquiry of parliamentary speech and interviews with politicians cannot only rely on computational humanities modeling, but needs to accommodate a range of perspectives starting with simple searches, quantitative exploration, and ending with modeling. Furthermore, the digital humanities need a more thorough discussion about how the utilization of tools from information science and technologies alter the research questions posed in the humanities.Peer reviewe

    Happamuuden aiheuttamat vesistöhaitat ja niiden torjuntakeinot Sanginjoella

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    Sanginjoki, Oulujoen alin sivujoki, on Oulun seudun tĂ€rkeimpiĂ€ virkistysalueita ja Merikosken kalatietĂ€ lĂ€hin potentiaalinen vaelluskalojen nousualue. Joen ajoittainen happamuus kuitenkin heikentÀÀ Sanginjoen virkistyskĂ€ytöllistĂ€ ja ekologista arvoa. Kaupunki ja vesi – Sanginjoen virkistyskĂ€yttöarvon parantaminen ja ekologinen kunnostus (2008-2011) -hankkeessa selvitettiin Sanginjoen happamuuden alkuperÀÀ, seurattiin laajasti eri alueilta jokeen laskevien valumavesien pH:n muutoksia sekĂ€ testattiin menetelmiĂ€ happamien huuhtoumien ennaltaehkĂ€isyyn ja neutralointiin. Tulosten perusteella laadittiin toimenpidesuunnitelma happamuuden ehkĂ€isemiseksi sekĂ€ happamuuden aiheuttamien haittojen lieventĂ€miseksi. Julkaisussa on myös esitetty tietoa Sanginjoen ja sen valuma-alueen ominaisuuksista, joen ekologisesta tilasta, vedenlaadun kehityksestĂ€ sekĂ€ happamuuden ehkĂ€isemiseen soveltuvista menetelmistĂ€. Tulosten perusteella Sanginjoen veden happamuus usein voimistuu virtaamien kasvaessa. Etenkin kesĂ€- ja syyssateiden yhteydessĂ€ havaittiin alhaisia pH-lukemia, joihin vaikuttivat maaperĂ€, kasvillisuus ja maankĂ€yttö. Hapan huuhtouma on pÀÀosin perĂ€isin turvepitoisten maiden orgaanisesta huuhtoumasta, mutta paikallisesti vedenlaatuun voivat vaikuttaa alueella esiintyvĂ€t happamat sulfaattimaat ja mustaliuskealueet. Sanginjoen vesi on ollut myös luontaisesti hapanta lĂ€hinnĂ€ suo- ja turvemaiden happamien valumavesien johdosta, mutta happamuus on todennĂ€köisesti lisÀÀntynyt ihmistoiminnan vaikutuksesta. Sanginjoen valuma-alueella testattujen vesiensuojelu- ja kunnostusmenetelmien vaikutukset happamien valumavesien neutraloinnissa vaihtelivat, mutta osa menetelmistĂ€ osoittautui kĂ€yttökelpoiseksi ja niitĂ€ voidaan suositella kĂ€ytettĂ€vĂ€n jatkossa niin Sanginjoella kuin vastaavilla happamuudesta kĂ€rsivillĂ€ kohteilla. Menetelmien kehittĂ€mistĂ€ ja erityisesti vaikutusten seurantaa tulee kuitenkin edelleen jatkaa. Hankkeessa testatut menetelmĂ€t ovat keinoja ihmistoiminnasta aiheutuvan happamuuden lisÀÀntymisen torjunnassa. Parhaiten Sanginjoen ja muiden happamuudesta kĂ€rsivien vesistöjen hapanta kuormitusta ehkĂ€istÀÀn huomioimalla maankĂ€ytössĂ€ happamuuden kannalta kriittisten turve- ja sulfidipitoisten alueiden ominaisuudet ja sijoittuminen jo ennen maankĂ€ytön toimenpiteitĂ€ ja kuormituksen syntymistĂ€

    Computational recognition of narratives : Applying narratological definitions to the analysis of political language use

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    Computational recognition of narratives, if successful, would find innumerable applications with large digitized datasets. Systematic identification of narratives in the text flow could significantly contribute to such pivotal questions as where, when, and how narratives are employed. This paper discusses an approach to extract narratives from two datasets, Finnish parliamentary records (1980–2021) and oral history interviews with former Finnish MPs (1988–2018). Our study was based on an iterative approach, proceeding from original expert readings to a rule-based, computational approach that was elaborated with the help of annotated samples and annotation scheme. Annotated samples and computationally found extracts were compared, and a good correspondence was found. In this paper, we exhibit and compare the results from annotation and rule-based approach, and discuss examples of correctly and incorrectly found narrative sections. We consider that all attempts at recognizing and extracting narratives are definition dependent, and feed back to narrative theory.Peer reviewe

    Spoken Language Skills in Children With Bilateral Hearing Aids or Bilateral Cochlear Implants at the Age of Three Years

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    Objectives: Early hearing aid (HA) fitting and cochlear implants (CIs) aim to reduce the effects of hearing loss (HL) on spoken language development. The goals of this study were (1) to examine spoken language skills of children with bilateral HAs and children with bilateral CIs; (2) to compare their language skills to the age-norms of peers with normal hearing (NH); and (3) to investigate factors associated with spoken language outcomes. Design: Spoken language results of 56 Finnish children with HL were obtained from a nationwide prospective multicenter study. Children with HL comprised two groups: children with mild-to-severe HL who used bilateral HAs (BiHA group, n = 28) and children with profound HL who used bilateral CIs (BiCI group, n = 28). Children's spoken language comprehension, expressive and receptive vocabulary, and phonological skills were compared with normative values of children with NH at the age of three years. Odds ratio (OR) was calculated to compare proportions of children below age-norms in BiHA and BiCI groups. Factors associated with spoken language outcomes were modeled with analysis of covariance. Results: At the age of 3 years, 50%-96% of children with HL performed 1 SD or more below the mean of the normative sample of age-peers with NH in spoken language skills, depending on the language domain. Receptive vocabulary and phonological skills were the most vulnerable language domains. In receptive vocabulary, 82% of the children in the BiHA group and 50% of the children in the BiCI group scored 1 SD or more below the normative mean. The BiHA group was 4.4 times more likely to have poorer receptive vocabulary than the BiCI group. In phonological skills, 96% of children in the BiHA group and 60% of the children in the BiCI group scored 1 SD or more below the normative mean. The BiHA group was 18.0 times more likely to have poorer phonological skills than the BiCI group. The analysis of covariance models showed that unaided pure-tone average, PTA(0.5-4 kHz), had a significant effect on spoken language comprehension in the BiHA group. For the BiCI group, age at HL diagnosis and age at CI activation had a significant effect on expressive vocabulary. High maternal level of education had a significant effect on language comprehension and expressive vocabulary and female gender on phonological skills. Conclusions: At the age of 3 years, especially receptive vocabulary and phonological skills caused difficulties for children with HL showing also considerable individual variation. Children with bilateral HAs seemed to be more likely to have poorer receptive vocabulary and phonological skills than children with bilateral CIs. A variety of factors was associated with outcomes in both groups. Close monitoring of spoken language skills of children with HL is important for ensuring similar opportunities for all children with HL and timely intervention, when needed.Peer reviewe
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