Scaling Effect on the Behaviour and Design of Prestressed Stayed Steel Columns

This work was supported by the Engineering and Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC), UK Doctoral Training Partnership (grant number 1962441).Peer reviewedPublisher PD

Immunoglobulin-A distribution in glomerular disease: Analysis of immunofluorescence localization and pathogenetic significance

Immunoglobulin-A distribution in glomerular disease. Analysis of immunofluorescence localization and pathogenetic significance. Renal biopsies from 470 patients with various glomemlonephropathies were studied for patterns and frequency of glomerular bound IgA. Correlations of IgA with IgG, IgM, C3, and C4 were made. Glomerular deposits of IgA were observed in five of six cases of Henoch-Schoenlein anaphylactoid nephritis (83%), stalk proliferative glomerulonephritis (73%), lupus nephritis (60%), and focal proliferative glomerulonephritis (57 %). In addition, IgA was less frequently observed in diffuse (acute) proliferative (33%), membranoproliferative (42%), membranous (32%), focal sclerosing (25%) crescentic (26%), and chronic glomerulonephritides (23%) as well as malignant arterionephrosclerosis, amyloidosis, and a group of patients with minimal glomerular alteration and no determinable diagnosis (40%). IgA was not specifically associated with IgG or IgM in any one diagnostic category but was often present with both. Deposits containing C3 and C4 most closely paralleled those of IgG and/or IgM. Presence of IgA appeared to correlate with variable degrees of increased glomerular mesangial cellularity in “minimal”, stalk proliferative, and focal-segmental glomerular lesions. The cause and immunopathogenetic significance of mesangial or peripheral glomerular capillary localization of IgA is unknown. Though a number of apparent examples of what has been referred to as IgA-IgG nephropathy were observed in this study, this entity, characterized by mesangial deposits of IgA, IgG, and C3, could not always be specifically identified or differentiated on histopathologic criteria alone from a variety of other glomerulopathies in which variable proportions of IgA, IgG, IgM, C3, and C4 globulins were localized

The Allen Telescope Array Pi GHz Sky Survey I. Survey Description and Static Catalog Results for the Bootes Field

The Pi GHz Sky Survey (PiGSS) is a key project of the Allen Telescope Array. PiGSS is a 3.1 GHz survey of radio continuum emission in the extragalactic sky with an emphasis on synoptic observations that measure the static and time-variable properties of the sky. During the 2.5-year campaign, PiGSS will twice observe ~250,000 radio sources in the 10,000 deg^2 region of the sky with b > 30 deg to an rms sensitivity of ~1 mJy. Additionally, sub-regions of the sky will be observed multiple times to characterize variability on time scales of days to years. We present here observations of a 10 deg^2 region in the Bootes constellation overlapping the NOAO Deep Wide Field Survey field. The PiGSS image was constructed from 75 daily observations distributed over a 4-month period and has an rms flux density between 200 and 250 microJy. This represents a deeper image by a factor of 4 to 8 than we will achieve over the entire 10,000 deg^2. We provide flux densities, source sizes, and spectral indices for the 425 sources detected in the image. We identify ~100$ new flat spectrum radio sources; we project that when completed PiGSS will identify 10^4 flat spectrum sources. We identify one source that is a possible transient radio source. This survey provides new limits on faint radio transients and variables with characteristic durations of months.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ; revision submitted with extraneous figure remove

Images of survival, stories of destruction: Nuclear war on British screens from 1945 to the early 1960s

This article discusses a range of depictions and discussions of nuclear war, which appeared on British screens in the first half of the Cold War, in order to understand the changing way nuclear weapons were viewed within British culture. Using such screened images to understand how nuclear war was constructed and represented within British culture, the article argues that the hydrogen bomb, not the atomic bomb, was the true harbinger of the nuclear revolution that transformed cultural understandings of warfare and destruction. Although the atomic bomb created a great deal of anxiety within British popular culture, representations of atomic attack elided atomic destruction with that experienced in 1939-45, emphasising the 'survivability' of atomic war. In the thermonuclear era, the Second World War could not undertake the same symbolic work. The image of the city-destroying bomb was an imaginative as well as technological step-change. Screened representations stressed that a thermonuclear war would literally end the world. As such, they preceded, and indeed provided the cultural climate for, the rise of the Campaign for Nuclear Disarmament (CND). The Campaign exploited and further popularised this idea of the apocalyptic nuclear war as a key aspect of its political and moral standpoint. The article concludes, however, that the cultural hegemony of this vision of nuclear war equally helped underpin notions of nuclear deterrence. The basic assumptions about the nature of nuclear war constructed and circulated on British screens therefore formed part of CND's 'cultural' victory but the article also explains why this did not translate into the political realm. © Edinburgh University Press

On spatial adaptivity and interpolation when using the method of lines

The solution of time-dependent partial differential equations with discrete time static remeshing is considered within a method of lines framework. Numerical examples in one and two space dimensions are used to show that spatial interpolation error may have an important impact on the efficiency of integration. Analysis of a simple problem and of the time integration method is used to confirm the experimental results and a computational test for monitoring the impact of this error is derived and tested

Disentangling the AGN and star-formation contributions to the radio-X-ray emission of radio-loud quasars at 1<z<21<z<2

To constrain the emission mechanisms responsible for generating the energy powering the active galactic nuclei (AGN) and their host galaxies, it is essential to disentangle the contributions from both as a function of wavelength. Here we introduce a state-of-the-art AGN radio-to-X-ray spectral energy distribution fitting model (ARXSED). ARXSED uses multiple components to replicate the emission from the AGN and their hosts. At radio wavelengths, ARXSED accounts for radiation from the radio structures (e.g., lobes,jets). At near-infrared to far-infrared wavelengths, ARXSED combines a clumpy medium and a homogeneous disk to account for the radiation from the torus. At the optical-UV and X-ray, ARXSED accounts for the emission from the accretion disk. An underlying component from radio to UV wavelengths accounts for the emission from the host galaxy. Here we present the results of ARXSED fits to the panchromatic SEDs of 20 radio-loud quasars from the 3CRR sample at $1<z\lesssim2$. We find that a single power-law is unable to fit the radio emission when compact radio structures (core, hot spots) are present. We find that the non-thermal emission from the quasars' radio structures contributes significantly ($>70\%$) to the submm luminosity in half the sample, impacting the submm-based star formation rate estimates. We present the median intrinsic SED of the radio-loud quasars at $z>1$ and find that the median SED of \cite{Elvis1994} is unable to describe the SED of the radio-selected AGN at $z>1$. The AGN torus and accretion disk parameters inferred from our fitting technique agree with those in the literature for similar samples. We find that the orientation of the torus/accretion disk does not line up with the inclination of the radio jets in our sample

Calcium channel TRPV6 as a potential therapeutic target in estrogen receptor negative breast cancer

Calcium signaling is a critical regulator of cell proliferation. Elevated expression of calcium channels and pumps is a characteristic of some cancers, including breast cancer. We show that the plasma membrane calcium channel TRPV6, which is highly selective for Ca(2+), is overexpressed in some breast cancer cell lines. Silencing of TRPV6 expression in a breast cancer cell line with increased endogenous TRPV6 expression lead to a reduction in basal calcium influx and cellular proliferation associated with a reduction in DNA synthesis. TRPV6 gene amplification was identified as one mechanism of TRPV6 overexpression in a sub-set of breast cancer cell lines and breast tumor samples. Analysis of two independent microarray expression datasets from breast tumor samples showed that increased TRPV6 expression is a feature of estrogen receptor negative breast tumors encompassing the basal-like molecular subtype, as well as HER2-positive tumors. Breast cancer patients with high TRPV6 levels had decreased survival compared to patients with low or intermediate TRPV6 expression. Our findings suggest that inhibitors of TRPV6 may offer a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of estrogen receptor-negative breast cancers