Model for the Quasifree Polarization-Transfer Measurements in the (p,n) reaction at 495 MeV

The recent (p,n) polarization transfer experiments at LAMPF are explained in terms of a dropping rho-meson mass in the medium.Comment: 12 pages of text (LATEX), 4 figures (not included, available from the authors). February 199

Cavitation in soft matter

Cavitation is the sudden, unstable expansion of a void or bubble within a liquid or solid subjected to a negative hydrostatic stress. Cavitation rheology is a field emerging from the development of a suite of materials characterization, damage quantification, and therapeutic techniques that exploit the physical principles of cavitation. Cavitation rheology is inherently complex and broad in scope with wide-ranging applications in the biology, chemistry, materials, and mechanics communities. This perspective aims to drive collaboration among these communities and guide discussion by defining a common core of high-priority goals while highlighting emerging opportunities in the field of cavitation rheology. A brief overview of the mechanics and dynamics of cavitation in soft matter is presented. This overview is followed by a discussion of the overarching goals of cavitation rheology and an overview of common experimental techniques. The larger unmet needs and challenges of cavitation in soft matter are then presented alongside specific opportunities for researchers from different disciplines to contribute to the field

Spitzer as a microlens parallax satellite : mass and distance measurements of the binary lens system OGLE-2014-BLG-1050L

We report the first mass and distance measurements of a caustic-crossing binary system OGLE-2014-BLG-1050 L using the space-based microlens parallax method. Spitzer captured the second caustic crossing of the event, which occurred ~10 days before that seen from Earth. Due to the coincidence that the source-lens relative motion was almost parallel to the direction of the binary-lens axis, the fourfold degeneracy, which was known before only to occur in single-lens events, persists in this case, leading to either a lower-mass (0.2 and 0.07 MΘ) binary at ~1.1 kpc or a higher-mass (0.9 and 0.35 MΘ) binary at ~3.5 kpc. However, the latter solution is strongly preferred for reasons including blending and lensing probability. OGLE-2014-BLG-1050 L demonstrates the power of microlens parallax in probing stellar and substellar binaries.Publisher PDFPeer reviewe

OGLE-2017-BLG-1130: The First Binary Gravitational Microlens Detected From Spitzer Only

We analyze the binary gravitational microlensing event OGLE-2017-BLG-1130 (mass ratio q~0.45), the first published case in which the binary anomaly was only detected by the Spitzer Space Telescope. This event provides strong evidence that some binary signals can be missed by observations from the ground alone but detected by Spitzer. We therefore invert the normal procedure, first finding the lens parameters by fitting the space-based data and then measuring the microlensing parallax using ground-based observations. We also show that the normal four-fold space-based degeneracy in the single-lens case can become a weak eight-fold degeneracy in binary-lens events. Although this degeneracy is resolved in event OGLE-2017-BLG-1130, it might persist in other events.Comment: 14 pages, 5 figure

Long-term exposure to ambient ozone and mortality : A quantitative systematic review and meta-analysis of evidence from cohort studies

Objectives: While there is good evidence for associations between short-term exposure to ozone and a range of adverse health outcomes, the evidence from narrative reviews for long-term exposure is suggestive of associations with respiratory mortality only. We conducted a systematic, quantitative evaluation of the evidence from cohort studies, reporting associations between long-term exposure to ozone and mortality. Methods: Cohort studies published in peer-reviewed journals indexed in EMBASE and MEDLINE to September 2015 and PubMed to October 2015 and cited in reviews/key publications were identified via search strings using terms relating to study design, pollutant and health outcome. Study details and estimate information were extracted and used to calculate standardised effect estimates expressed as HRs per 10 ppb increment in long-term ozone concentrations. Results: 14 publications from 8 cohorts presented results for ozone and all-cause and cause-specific mortality. We found no evidence of associations between long-term annual O3 concentrations and the risk of death from all causes, cardiovascular or respiratory diseases, or lung cancer. 4 cohorts assessed ozone concentrations measured during the warm season. Summary HRs for cardiovascular and respiratory causes of death derived from 3 cohorts were 1.01 (95% CI 1.00 to 1.02) and 1.03 (95% CI 1.01 to 1.05) per 10 ppb, respectively. Conclusions: Our quantitative review revealed a paucity of independent studies regarding the associations between long-term exposure to ozone and mortality. The potential impact of climate change and increasing anthropogenic emissions of ozone precursors on ozone levels worldwide suggests further studies of the long-term effects of exposure to high ozone levels are warranted

Factors Associated with Nodal Pathologic Complete Response Among Breast Cancer Patients Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy: Results of CALGB 40601 (HER2+) and 40603 (Triple-Negative) (Alliance)

Background: De-escalation of axillary surgery after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) requires careful patient selection. We seek to determine predictors of nodal pathologic complete response (ypN0) among patients treated on CALGB 40601 or 40603, which tested NAC regimens in HER2+ and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), respectively. Patients and Methods: A total of 760 patients with stage II–III HER2+ or TNBC were analyzed. Those who had axillary surgery before NAC (N = 122), or who had missing pretreatment clinical nodal status (cN) (N = 58) or ypN status (N = 41) were excluded. The proportion of patients with ypN0 disease was estimated for those with and without breast pathologic complete response (pCR) according to pretreatment nodal status. Results: In 539 patients, the overall ypN0 rate was 76.3% (411/539) to 93.2% (245/263) in patients with breast pCR and 60.1% (166/276) with residual breast disease (RD) (P < 0.0001). For patients who were cN0 pretreatment, the ypN0 rate was 88.8% (214/241), 96.3% (104/108) with breast pCR, and 82.7% (110/133) with RD. For patients who were cN1, 66.2% (157/237) converted to ypN0, 91.7% (111/121) with breast pCR and 39.7% (46/116) with RD. For patients who were cN2/3, 65.6% (40/61) converted to ypN0, 88.2% (30/34) with breast pCR and 37.0% (10/27) with RD. On multivariable analysis, only pretreatment clinical nodal status and breast pCR/RD were associated with ypN0 status (both P < 0.0001). Conclusions: Breast pCR and pretreatment nodal status are predictive of ypN0 axillary nodal involvement, with < 5% residual nodal disease among cN0 patients who experience breast pCR. These findings support the incorporation of axillary surgery de-escalation strategies into NAC trials

Chronic Hepatitis B Finite Treatment: similar and different concerns with new drug classes

Chronic hepatitis B, a major cause of liver disease and cancer, affects over 250 million people worldwide. Currently there is no cure, only suppressive therapies. Efforts to develop finite curative HBV therapies are underway, consisting of combinations of multiple novel agents +/- nucleos(t)ide reverse transcriptase inhibitors. The HBV Forum convened a webinar in July 2021, and subsequent working group discussions to address how and when to stop finite therapy for demonstration of sustained off-treatment efficacy and safety responses. Participants included leading experts in academia, clinical practice, pharmaceutical companies, patient representatives and regulatory agencies. This Viewpoint outlines areas of consensus within our multi-stakeholder group for stopping finite therapies in chronic Hepatitis B investigational studies, including trial design, patient selection, outcomes, biomarkers, pre-defined stopping criteria, pre-defined retreatment criteria, duration of investigational therapies, and follow up after stopping therapy. Future research of unmet needs are discussed