Tecno-génesis y antropo-génesis en Bernard Stiegler: O de la mano que inventa al hombre. / Techno-genesis and anthropo-genesis in the work of Bernard Stiegler: Or how the hand invent the human.

A partir de una revisión de la lectura del Discurso sobre el origen de la desigualdad que Bernard Stiegler propone en La técnica y el tiempo, y que establece un diálogo explícito con el abordaje deconstructivo que Jacques Derrida hace de la obra de Rousseau en De la gramatología, el presente ensayo procura reflexionar sobre el modo en que la tradición metafísica ha denegado el problema de la técnica, obturando la pregunta por el nexo entre la historia del hombre y la historia de sus prótesis. Desde esta matriz deconstructiva de pensamiento de la técnica, se intenta pensar que la mano no pertenece simplemente al hombre, no es mano «humana», sin que el hombre sea a su vez un producto, una invención de la mano. In the text Technic and Time, Bernard Stiegler proposes a reading of Discourse about the origin of inequality establishing an explicit dialogue with the deconstructive approach that Jacques Derrida makes of the work of Rousseau in the his Grammatology. From a reading of the Stigler’s text, in this essay I intend to think about the way in which metaphysical tradition has denies the problem of technique by opening the inquiry for the relationship between the history of mankind and the history of its prosthesis. From the deconstructive matrix developed by Derrida and Stiegler on the thinking about technique, this essay proposes to think on that the hand not simply belongs to a man, not just a “human hand”, but man is also its product, a hand’s invention

La fisonomía del filósofo: risa y anécdota en Nietzsche

The purpose of this essay is to elucidate the way in which the Nietzschean “project” gives laughter and anecdote a preeminent place in its thinking, thus acting against a philosophical tradition that has tended to locate them outside its own exercise. Laughter and anecdote converge, in Nietzsche, as dislocating powers of the ascetic filiation and the temperament of seriousness that have so far defined the grave philosopher’s physiognomy. By means of a transfiguration of this pathos, the philosophy is called, through this thinker, to gain the levity of the gay science.El presente trabajo procura dilucidar el modo en que el “proyecto” nietzscheano concede a la risa y a la anécdota un lugar preeminente en su pensamiento, actuando así a contrapelo de una tradición filosófica que ha tendido a situarlas en el exterior de su propio ejercicio. La risa y la anécdota convergen, en Nietzsche, como potencias dislocadoras de la filiación ascética y del temple de seriedad que han definido hasta ahora la grave fisonomía del filósofo. Por medio de una transfiguración de este pathos, la filosofía es llamada, con este pensador, a ganar la liviandad de la ciencia jovial

Biología floral y reproductiva de Escallonia pulverulenta (Ruiz et Pav.) Pers. (Escalloniaceae) y su relación con los visitantes florales

This study examined the floral biology and reproductive system of Escallonia pulverulenta, an endemic shrub of central Chile. Manual, automatic and natural pollination treatments were performed, and seed set per fruit was evaluated. Also was evaluated floral longevity, seed production variation with the donor plant distance, the flowering patterns and its relationship with floral visitors. The species is self-incompatible and requires biotic vectors to reproduce. The flowers bloom synchronously and the floral display achieves their maximum thirteenth days after that flowering started. Each flower was available to be pollinated for five days and nights and fertility did not increase with distance from the pollen donor plant. The flowers were visited by a diverse assemblage of pollinators but variable between years. Because the longevity of their flowers and their reproductive potential, this plant could use a mass-flowering strategy and attract an unpredictable assembly of pollinators, which after visiting several times over several days the flowers could reach enough levels of cross pollination.Se determinó la biología floral y el sistema reproductivo de Escallonia pulverulenta, arbusto endémico de Chile central. Para ello se realizaron tratamientos de polinización manual, automática y natural a flores, evaluándose la producción de semillas por fruto. Además se determinó la longevidad floral, la producción de semillas según la distancia a la planta donante, los patrones de floración y su relación con los visitantes florales. La especie es autoincompatible y requiere vectores bióticos para reproducirse. Las plantas florecen sincrónicamente y logran el máximo despliegue floral a los 13 días de iniciar la floración. Cada flor queda disponible para ser polinizada durante 5 días y noches, y la fecundidad no incrementó con la distancia a la planta donante de polen. Las flores fueron visitadas por un ensamble diverso pero variable de polinizadores interanualmente. Debido a la longevidad de sus flores y su potencial reproductivo, esta planta podría utilizar una estrategia de floración masiva y atraer a un ensamble impredecible de polinizadores, los que luego de visitar las flores varias veces y durante varios días, logran adecuados niveles de polinización cruzada

Selective attention and inhibitory control of attention are correlated with music audiation

Executive functions (EFs) are cognitive functions needed for adaptive and targeted behavior. Music aptitude is the potential or capacity for musical achievement. A key element of music aptitude is audiation, defined as the process through which sound becomes music and meaning is attributed to that music. In this paper, we report on the association between audiation skills and executive skills. Not only is this important to consider the validity of the audiation tests, but also to better understand the concept of audiation and its link to cognitive skills. We conducted an empirical study, in which a sample of second grade school students from two elementary schools, one from Ghent, Belgium (N = 36) and the other from Santiago, Chile (N = 25), were administered both a musical aptitude and an attention and inhibitory control test. We hypothesized that a positive correlation exists between sustained attention, inhibitory control and music aptitude

The role of wastewater in surveillance and emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria

As antibiotic resistance spreads among bacterial pathogens, it reduces treatment options and increases treatment failures of infectious diseases. Strategies employed to reduce this spread or adapt to its consequences need to be based on reliable surveillance data which is lacking in many countries, often due to limited resources. Wastewater contains pooled excreted bacteria, including common pathogens such as Escherichia coli, from the population connected to the sewers. Hence, analysis of wastewater has the potential to be used as a resource-efficient surveillance system for antibiotic resistance. In the sewers, human-associated bacteria are also mixed with environmental bacteria and exposed to many substances known to induce horizontal gene transfer (HGT), a major driver for the acquisition of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. The studies presented in this thesis aimed to develop and assess several ways in which the analysis of wastewater samples could be used to provide clinically relevant antibiotic resistance data and evaluate the effects of wastewater on HGT. The resistance rates of E. coli from wastewaters were determined. Additionally, the abundance of different carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales (CPE) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were quantified in wastewater. Resistance rates in wastewater E. coli were strongly correlated with resistance rates in clinical isolates and the detection of CPE in wastewater was coherent with the detection of similar CPE in the contributing population. The concentrations of some carbapenemase genes (namely blaOXA-48, blaNDM and blaKPC) were in accordance with the occurrence of CPE carrying those genes in wastewater. Further, a rise of blaOXA-48 in wastewater preceded detection of corresponding CPE in patients, indicating that monitoring of ARGs in wastewater could serve as an early warning system. Hence, it is noteworthy that many ARGs of emerging concern (cfr, optrA, mcr-1, mcr-3, mcr-4, mcr-5, sul4 and gar), which have almost never been detected in Swedish clinical samples, were detected regularly in wastewater. A HGT assay, where a recipient strain was mixed with a complex donor bacterial community, was used to measure the rate of acquisition of ARGs in the presence of wastewater. Municipal wastewater had no detectable effect on HGT but exposure to hospital wastewater could promote antibiotic resistance. Overall, this thesis provides evidence supporting the use of antibiotic resistance data from wastewater analyses as a valuable complement to traditional clinical surveillance. Additionally, the thesis highlights a possible role of hospital wastewater in the emergence of antibiotic resistant bacteria

Multiplication des moyens de contrôle de l’exercice du pouvoir et légitimation de l’Union européenne

National audienc