European Union Integration Process: a Lesson Learned for ASEAN

The paper first highlights the historical background of Indonesian foreign policy, the current “downto-earth and pro-people diplomacy”, as well as Indonesian foreign policy for the period of 2015-2019. Secondly, it will briefly describe the current and future global and regional situation that could become challenges and opportunities for Indonesia ahead. Third, it will also explain the current development of the European Union relations with Indonesia and ASEAN. Finally, the paper will conclude a lesson learned from European Union integration process for ASEAN

Pengaruh Skala USAha terhadap Pendapatan USAha Pengolahan Ikan Asin (Kasus: Desa Hajoran, Kecamatan Pandan, Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah)

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menjelaskan pengaruh skala USAha terhadap total biaya produksi per ton dalam USAha pengolahan ikan asin dalam jangka waktu satu bulan, untuk menjelaskan pengaruh skala USAha terhadap jumlah curahan tenaga kerja yang digunakan dalam USAha pengolahan ikan asin dalam jangka waktu satu bulan, untuk menjelaskan perbedaan nilai tambah (value added) per ton yang diperoleh pada USAha pengolahan ikan asin dalam jangka waktu satu bulan, dan untuk menjelaskan pengaruh skala USAha terhadap pendapatan USAha pengolahan ikan asin per ton dalam jangka waktu satu bulan. Metode penentuan sampel ditentukan secara purposive yaitu di Desa Hajoran, Kecamatan Pandan, Kabupaten Tapanuli Tengah, dengan menggunakan Stratified accidental Sampling, yaitu: skala USAha kecil (≤ 1 Ton), skala USAha menengah (1-2 Ton), dan skala USAha besar (> 2 Ton). Metode analisis data adalah dengan Uji Anova. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan total biaya produksi rata-rata dan curahan tenaga kerja rata-rata pada berbagai strata skala USAha pengolahan ikan asin dan tidak ada perbedaan nilai tambah rata-rata dan pendapatan rata-rata pada berbagai skala USAha pengolahan ikan asin

Estimation of Settlement Induced Land Subsidence of Marine Clay on Kamal Muara Area, Northern Jakarta, Based on the Change of Pore Water Pressure

Land subsidence phenomena which occurred in last 30 years in Jakarta affected by groundwater extraction, settlement of high compressibility soil such as marine clay, natural consolidation of alluvial soil or tectonic subsidence. Over the period of 1982–1997, the subsidence occurred from 20 to 200 cm, with the rates of about 1 to 15 cm/year, in several places. This paper discusses settlement induced land subsidence of shallow marine clay deposits on Kamal Muara area, based on the pore water pressure changes based on the piezometer’s measurement located at 19 meters and 32 meters depth. Consolidation parameters (Cv and Cc) tested by cyclic load consolidation test. The estimation of on-site land subsidence is performed using the Terzaghi's 1-D consolidation theory and the secondary compression theory. Ranges of estimated values, as well as their relevant statistical properties, were identified. The results shown as follow: Without water extraction, settlement on soil layer #1 and #2 estimated as 0.647 meters and 0.305 meters respectively, with average subsidence rate is 9.832 cm/year and 1.07 cm/year. Total settlement estimated as 1.01 meters, with average subsidence rate is 5.07 – 5.42 cm/year. With water extraction, settlement on soil layer #1 and #2 estimated as 0.658 meters and 0.395 meters respectively, with average subsidence rate is 10.005 cm/year and 31.88 cm/year. The subsidence on Kamal Muara estimated as 0.68 – 1.05 meters, with subsidence rate 5 – 20.9 cm/year. The results placed on the lower range of field geodetical measurements, due to specific values of surface load and pore water measurement on Kamal Muara is used specifically. Keywords: Land subsidence, marine clay deposits, consolidation parameters, pore water pressure changes

Sustainable production in a circular economy : a business model for re-distributed manufacturing

The emergence of new technologies such as the Internet of Things, big data, and advanced robotics, together with risks such as climate change, rising labour costs, and a fluctuating economy, are challenging the current UK manufacturing model. In this paper, business models for re-distributed manufacture (RdM) are developed using anIDEF (Icam DEFinition for Function Modelling) description to serve as a guide for the implementation of the RdM concept in the consumer goods industry. This paper explores the viability of a re-distributed business model for manufacturers employing new manufacturing technologies such as additive manufacturing or three-dimensional (3D) printing, as part of a sustainable and circular production and consumption system. An As-Is value chain model is presented alongside the proposed new business model for a sustainable re-distributed manufacturing system. Both are illustrated via a case study drawn from the shoe manufacturing industry. The case study shows that there is a need for robust facilities in close proximity to the customer. These facilities are store fronts which can also manufacture, remanufacture, and provide services. The reduction in transportation and increase in customer involvement throughout the process are the main benefits that would accrue if a re-distributed model is implemented in the given industry

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)1.

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field

Peningkatan Female Peacekeepers Indonesia dalam Misi Pemeliharaan Perdamaian Pbb

– Misi Pemeliharaan Perdamaian mengalami evolusi yang meliputi pendekatan kemanusiaan yang lebih luas, personel wanita semakin meningkat menjadi bagian dari keluarga misi pemeliharaan perdamaian.PBB telah meminta lebih banyak penggelaran female peacekeepers guna memperkuat pendekatan “holistik” secara keseluruhan terhadap operasi-operasi pemeliharaan perdamaian PBB saat ini.Banyak yang harus dilakukan dalam mengintegrasikan lebih banyak female peacekeepers kedalam misi-misi PBB. Lebih banyak female peacekeepers yang terlatih akan menjadi aset bagi masa depan operasi-operasi pemeliharaan perdamaian.Pada bulan Oktober 2000 Dewan Keamanan PBB telah menetapkan Resolusi 1325 mengenai Wanita, Perdamaian dan Keamanan. Resolusi tersebut dipandang sebagai resolusi landmark dimana pertama kali, Dewan Keamanan mengakui kontribusi wanita selama dan pasca konflik. Sejak ditetapkannya Resolusi 1325 tersebut, perhatian terhadap perspektif gender dalam agenda perdamaian Internasional telah jelas ditempatkan dalam kerangka keamanan dan perdamaian yang lebih luas. Artikel ini menjelaskan peningkatan kontribusi jumlah personel female peacekeepers Indonesia pada periode 2009-2016 dan membahas mengapa Indonesia perlu mendukung dan mempertimbangkan mengirimkan lebih banyak female peacekeepers dalam operasi-operasi pemeliharaan perdamaian PBB