Wheeling Charges Methodology for Deregulated Electricity Markets using Tracing-based Postage Stamp Methods

MW-mile and Postage-stamp methods is traditionally used by electric utilities to determine a fixed transmission cost among users of firm transmission service. MW-Mile method is charging the users by determining the actual paths the power follows through the network. However, this method is not sufficient to recover the total transmission system cost. To recover the total transmission system cost, the Postage Stamp Method is adopted. This method is simple but its main drawback is that the charges paid by each user do not reflect the actual use of the network but based on the average usage of the entire network. This paper proposes a new wheeling charges methodology using tracing-based postage stamp methods. The proposed method allocates transmission costs among the generators proportional to the total power delivered to the load through transmission lines. The proposed method incorporates with generalised generation distribution factors to trace the contribution of each generator to the line flow. One unique feature of the proposed method is the consideration of the local load on the power flow allocation. Two case studies of 3-bus and IEEE 14-bus systems are used to illustrate the proposed method. Results show that the proposed method provides fair and equitable wheeling charges to generators reflecting the actual usage of the transmission system

Comparison of Performance based on Power of Energy Encryption in Medium Field for Wireless Power Transfer System

Encryption is a very important technique used to protect energy transmission channels from an unauthorized receiver. It can be utilized to transmit data securely over the wireless medium. Encryption techniques of wireless power transfer (WPT) are important in the research on the effects of security key for security of energy transfer to the authorized receiver. The energy encryption scheme of WPT is proposed to chaos theory. Chaos theory is applicable to the logistic map to propose as a security key to chaotically regulate the switching frequency. Furthermore, for chaos theory characteristic effect power and distance performance. Therefore, this paper investigates mainly effective power based on mobile charging application. This research is focusing on performance on power of energy encryption in medium field for wireless power transfer system. This research is dedicated to the comparison of performance in power based on mobile charging application. The optimization to transport the power in this research based on comparison of power is 10W. The research utilized MATLAB simulation to compare the performance

Preliminary investigation of myo-inositol phosphates produced by ASUIA279 phytase on MCF-7 cancer cells.

Phytate or myo-inositol hexakisphosphates (IP6) is widely distributed in plants like rice brans. The production of myo-inositol phosphate intermediates has received much attention due to the remarkable potential health benefits offered by the compounds. In this study, the cytotoxicity of the partially purified myo-inositol phosphate fractions and commercial IP1 and IP6 were investigated against MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. The study showed that the commercial standard IP1 and IP6 showed good inhibition towards the MCF-7 cell line. The MCF-7 cells growth was inhibited in minimum concentration of myo-inositol phosphates (<1000 µg/ml). However, no inhibition observed on the MCF-7 cell line by the myo-inositol phosphates fractions partially purified from rice bran at concentration <1000 ?g/ml. The inhibition of MCF-7 was only observed at concentration more than 30 mg/ml with more than 40% cells were inhibited. This indicates that the partially purified rice bran myo-inositol phosphates degraded by ASUIA279 phytase on MCF-7 breast cancer cells exhibit positive results towards the inhibition of cancer cells growth at relatively high concentration

Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Polyethyleneimine Grafted Chitosan Beads for the Adsorption of Acid Red 27

In this study, chitosan-polyethyleneimine beads were synthesized via graft copolymerization under microwave irradiation for the adsorption of Acid Red 27 (AR27). The integration of polyethyleneimine affords grafting of amino functional groups onto the chitosan backbone, while crosslinking with glutaraldehyde has significantly improved the mechanical and chemical properties of the resulting grafted and crosslinked chitosan beads (CS-PEI-GLA). The beads were characterized by the scanning electron microscopy, pore structure analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The adsorption experiments were conducted in a batch system and optimized with respect to different adsorbent dosages, pH, initial dye concentrations and contact time. The equilibrium data were well described by the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model with the maximum adsorption capacity (qm) for AR27 of 48.3 mg g−1 at 27 °C. CS-PEI-GLA was successfully synthesized in this study by using a simple, green and cost-effective technique with promising prospects to enable future scale-up.The authors are grateful to the Ministry of Education?Higher Education (MOE), Malaysia for supporting this project under the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme, FRGS (203/PJJAUH/6711445). Additionally, N. H. Yusof would like to thank USM for awarding the Postgraduate Conference Fund (158293599975).Scopu

The effect of Tinospora crispa extracts as a natural mild steel corrosion inhibitor in 1 M HCl solution

The potential of Tinospora crispa extracts as a corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in 1 M HCl was determined using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy methods (EIS). Maximum inhibition was attained at the concentration of 800 and 1000 ppm for TCDW (T. crispa water extract) and TCAW (T. crispa acetone–water extract). The inhibition efficiencies of T. crispa extracts obtained from the impedance and polarization measurements were in good agreement where the maximum inhibition is around 70–80%. Potentiodynamic polarization measurement studies revealed that T. crispa extracts behave predominantly as an anodic inhibitor. The adsorption of T. crispa extracts was found to follow Langmuir’s adsorption model

One-step synthesis of chitosan-polyethyleneimine with calcium chloride as effective adsorbent for Acid Red 88 removal

Chitosan-polyethyleneimine with calcium chloride as ionic cross-linker (CsPC) was synthesized as a new kind of adsorbent using a simple, green and cost-effective technique. The adsorption properties of the adsorbent for Acid Red 88 (AR88) dye, as a model analyte, were investigated in a batch system as the function of solution pH (pH 3�12), initial AR88 concentration (50�500 mg L? 1), contact time (0�24 h), and temperature (30�50 �C). Results showed that the adsorption process obeyed the pseudo-first order kinetic model and the adsorption rate was governed by both intra-particle and liquid-film mechanism. Equilibrium data were well correlated with the Freundlich isotherm model, with the calculated maximum adsorption capacity (qm) of 1000 mg g? 1 at 30 �C. The findings underlined CsPC to be an effective and efficient adsorbent, which can be easily synthesized via one-step process with promising prospects for the removal of AR88 or any other similar dyes from the aqueous solutions. - 2019The authors are grateful to the Ministry of Education ? Higher Education (MOE), Malaysia for supporting this project under the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme (FRGS) ( 203/PJJAUH/6711445 ). Additionally, S. Sabar would like to thank Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM) and MOE for the SLAB Scholarship under the Post-Doctoral program. Appendix AScopu

Preliminary Investigation of Myo-Inositol Phosphates Produced by ASUIA279 Phytase on MCF-7 Cancer Cells

Phytate or myo-inositol hexakisphosphates (IP6) is widely distributed in plants like rice brans. The production of myo-inositol phosphate intermediates has received much attention due to the remarkable potential health benefits offered by the compounds. In this study, the cytotoxicity of the partially purified myo-inositol phosphate fractions and commercial IP1 and IP6 were investigated against MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. The study showed that the commercial standard IP1 and IP6 showed good inhibition towards the MCF-7 cell line. The MCF-7 cells growth was inhibited in minimum concentration of myo-inositol phosphates (<1000 µg/ml). However, no inhibition observed on the MCF-7 cell line by the myo-inositol phosphates fractions partially purified from rice bran at concentration <1000 ?g/ml. The inhibition of MCF-7 was only observed at concentration more than 30 mg/ml with more than 40% cells were inhibited. This indicates that the partially purified rice bran myo-inositol phosphates degraded by ASUIA279 phytase on MCF-7 breast cancer cells exhibit positive results towards the inhibition of cancer cells growth at relatively high concentration.. KEYWORDS: myo-inositol phosphates, phytase, MCF-7,  cancer ABSTRAK: Fitat atau myo-inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6) dikenali umum teragih di dalam tumbuhan seperti dedak padi. Penghasilan perantaraan fosfat myo-inositol mendapat perhatian memandangkan ia berpotensi tinggi dalam kesihatan. Dalam kajian ini, kesitotoksikan sebahagian daripada fosfat myo-inositol separa tulen, IP1 komersil dan IP6 komersil dikaji terhadap produk yang berupa sel kekal (cell lines) kanser payu dara MCF-7. Tumbesaran sel MCF-7 direncatkan dalam pekatan minima fosfat myo-inositol (<1000 μg/ml). Tetapi, tidak ada perencatan dilihat terhadap sel kekal MCF-7 oleh sebahagian fosfat myo-inositol separa tulen daripada dedak padi pada kepekatan <1000 mg/ml. Perencatan MCF-7 hanya dilihat pada kepekatan lebih daripada 30 mg/ml dengan lebih daripada 40% sel terencat. Ini menunjukkan bahawa fosfat myo-inositol daripada dedak padi separa tulen terdegradasi oleh fitat ASUIA279 terhadap sel kanser MCF-7 dimana ia menunjukkan keputusan positif terhadap perencatan tumbesaran sel kanser pada kepekatan tinggi

Nanolignin in materials science and technology— does flame retardancy matter?

International audienceDevelopment of green flame retardants has become a core part of the attention of material scientists and technologists in a paradigm shift from general purpose to specific sustainable products. This work is the first report on the use of coffee biowastes as sustainable flame retardants for epoxy, as a typical highly flammable polymer. We used spent coffee grounds (SCG) as well as SCG chemically modified with phosphorus (P-SCG) to develop a sustainable highly efficient flame retardant. A considerable reduction in the peak of heat release rate (pHRR) by 40% was observed in the pyrolysis combustion flow calorimeter analysis (PCFC), which proved the merit of the used coffee biowastes for being used as sustainable flame retardants for polymers. This work would open new opportunities to investigate the impact of other sorts of coffee wastes rather than SCG from different sectors of the coffee industry on polymers of different family