Effects Of Timing Prostaglandin F2α Injection Following Controlled Internal Drug Release Insert Removal On Oestrus Response, Follicular Dynamics And Pregnancy Rate In Nelore Cattle

This research was conducted to evaluate the effect of oestrus synchronization protocol on oestrus response, follicular dynamics, pregnancy rate, and cortisol and progesterone concentrations in Nelore cattle under two types of handlings. In Experiment I (heavy handling), 27 cows were selected and subdivided into four groups, namely the Control G1, G2 and G3. The Control group (n= 8 cows) were treated with only CIDR inserts for 15 days. Meanwhile, G1 (n=5), G2 (n=6) and G3 (n=8) were treated with CIDR inserts for 15 days and given 500 μg of synthetic prostaglandin F2α at 9, 14 and 19 days post CIDR removal, respectively. Forty-eight hours after synchronization treatment, artificial insemination (AI) was done for cows that displayed oestrus, twice at 12 hours interval. Blood samples were collected two times per week on the day of CIDR insertion until after AI and continued for the next 30 days. Ultrasonographic examination was performed to determine follicle dynamic in four groups. In Experiment II (less handling), 30 cows were subdivided into four groups, Control group (n=7), G1 (n=9), G2 (n=6) and G3 (n=8). The protocol for all the four groups in Experiment II followed that of Experiment I, and the only difference was that blood samples were collected during and after AI, and at weekly intervals until the cows were confirmed to be pregnant by ultrasonography. There is no ultrasonographic examination to determine follicle dynamic in Experiment II. The proportion of cows observed in oestrus was higher in the Control group [62.5% and 100% in Experiments I and II, respectively (P<0.05)] than the other groups. The pregnancy rate was higher in G2 (16.6 % in Experiment I; 50 % in Experiment II) than in the other groups. However, the difference was not significant. The total numbers of cows displaying oestrus after treatment was significantly lower in Experiment I (11; 40.7 %) than Experiment II (20; 66.6 %). Similarly, the total number of pregnant cows was not significant in Experiment I (3; 11.1 %) and Experiment II (9; 30 %). There was a significantly difference (P<0.05) in the cows which did not display any oestrus after treatment between Experiment I (44.4 %) and Experiment II (13.3 %). The interval from treatment to the onset of oestrus and ovulation time (h) was highest (P<0.05) in G2 than other group. However, mean time from standing oestrus to ovulation (h) did not significant among groups. Mean size of dominant follicle at treatment and pre-ovulatory time was larger in control group (P<0.05) than other groups. Normal progesterone profile was evident in G1 (Experiment I and II), whereas the other groups showed abnormal progesterone profile throughout the oestrous cycle in both Experiment I and II. The total mean progesterone (P4) concentrations after AI were higher at Days 7 and 14 in Experiment II compared with Experiment I (P<0.05). The total mean cortisol concentration on the day of first AI, Days 7 and 13-14 post AI were higher in Experiment I than Experiment II but not significant (P<0.05). The results from this study showed a negative relationship between the progesterone and cortisol concentrations (r= -0.267, P<0.01) after first AI in Experiment I. In conclusion, luteal phase of the oestrous cycle and follicular development during the luteal phase may be considered as factors to affect the rate of oestrus synchronization in Nelore cattle. Variability in the interval to oestrus and the distribution of the oestrus response in cows that exhibited oestrus was due primarily to treating cows during the mid stage of the luteal phase (G2). The cause of this variability appears to be related to the manner in which progesterone decreased in cows during the mid stage of the luteal phase after PGF2α treatment and may also be related to ovarian follicular development. However, the greater degree of synchronization among animals was due to treatment with CIDR alone or together with administration of PGF2α 9 days after CIDR removal (G1). The results in the present study indicated that animals treated with PGF2α 9 days after CIDR treatment resulted in acceptable oestrus response and a single timed insemination gave acceptable pregnancy rates. In addition, Heavy handling may have altered the expression of oestrus, reduced the pregnancy rate and altered the progesterone profiles. On the other hand, less handling and gentle interaction with animal could improve the reproductive performance

Carbon black mediated conductive polymer composite

The central goal of this thesis is to produce electrically conductive nanocomposites made out of carbon black obtained from waste tires as filler into a polymeric matrix. Waste tires are discarded in substantial numbers on a daily basis, posing a significant environmental concern. By weight, about 25-35% of a tire is carbon black. Pyrolysis is a convenient and environmentally friendly process to produce carbon black from tires. Due to carbon black’s low density, high electrical conductivity and economical feasibility, this thesis investigates the electrical conductivity of nanocomposites that utilizes carbon black particles as fillers. As a result of its modified and controllable properties, composites with fillers present a radical alternative to conventional polymers and their blends. The small size of the fillers leads to exceptionally large interfacial area in the composites. The interface controls the degree of the interaction between the filler and the polymer thus controlling the properties. The effect of annealing temperature (550°C-1250°C) on the electrical properties of carbon black obtained from tires was investigated. Generally, the DC electrical conductivity improved when the annealing temperature increased. The modulation of the electrical conductivity as a function of annealing temperatures was explored using Raman spectroscopy, Energy dispersive X-ray, Scanning electron microscopy, X-Ray diffraction and thermo-gravimetric analysis. Annealed carbon black was used as filler in a polymeric matrix. The annealed waste carbon black was blended into epoxy at different wt. % to investigate the electrical conductivity. Furthermore, annealed carbon black was used as filler in a Carbon Fiber Reinforced vii Polymer (CFRP) and then the effect of different percentage of waste carbon black was studied. After that, through plane electrical conductivity, surface electrical conductivity, through plane thermal conductivity and flexural strength were examined. The results showed that the electrical conductivity for the annealed carbon black at 1250°C was improved to a value 40 σ/cm. Furthermore, impregnating a high amount of annealed carbon black (40 wt. %) in a polymeric matrix resulted in a low electrical conductivity of 0.0034 σ/cm. Blending annealed carbon black into carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) resulted in alternating the electrical conductivity of the composite material. The surface conductivity of carbon fiber polymer was 2.5 σ (per square). However, the surface conductivity of impregnating 2 wt. % of annealed waste carbon black into CFRP was 13 σ (per square). The results also showed that addition of 5 wt. % of waste carbon black noticeably decreased the area specific resistance of CFRP from 199 to 98 mΩ.cm2. The through-plane thermal conductivity of CFRP increased as carbon black wt. % increased. The through plane-thermal conductivity increased by 78% when the waste carbon black loading reached 16 wt. %. However, loading the composite with waste carbon black resulted in decreasing the flexural strength. It is recommended to blend 5 wt. % of waste carbon black annealed at 1250°C into CFRP to provide enhancement in both the through-plane and surface electrical conductivity. The surface conductivity was enhanced by 80% when blending 5 wt. % of waste carbon black. The through plane resistivity reduced 51% by adding 5 wt. %of waste carbon black. However, the flexural strength was negatively affected with a reduction of 8% only by blending 5 wt. % of waste carbon black

CARBON BLACK MEDIATED CONDUCTIVE POLYMER COMPOSITE

The central goal of this thesis is to produce electrically conductive nanocomposites made out of carbon black obtained from waste tires as filler into a polymeric matrix. Waste tires are discarded in substantial numbers on a daily basis, posing a significant environmental concern. By weight, about 25-35% of a tire is carbon black. Pyrolysis is a convenient and environmental friendly process to produce carbon black from tires. Due to carbon black’s low density, high electrical conductivity and economic feasibility, this thesis investigates the electrical conductivity of nanocomposites that utilizes carbon black particles as fillers. As a result of its modified and controllable properties, composites with fillers present a radical alternative to conventional polymers and their blends. The small size of the fillers leads to exceptional large interfacial area in the composites. The interface controls the degree of the interaction between the filler and the polymer thus controlling the properties. The effect of annealing temperature (550°C-1250°C) on the electrical properties of carbon black obtained from tires was investigated. Generally, the DC electrical conductivity improved when the annealing temperature increased. The modulation of the electrical conductivity as a function of annealing temperatures was explored using Raman spectroscopy, Energy dispersive X-ray, Scanning electron microscopy, X-Ray diffraction and thermo-gravimetric analysis. Annealed carbon black was used as filler in a polymeric matrix. The annealed waste carbon black was blended into epoxy at different wt. % to investigate the electrical conductivity, Furthermore, annealed carbon black was used as a filler in a Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer (CFRP) and then the effect of different percentage of waste carbon black was studied. After that, through plane electrical conductivity, surface electrical conductivity, through plane thermal conductivity and flexural strength were examined. The results showed that the electrical conductivity for the annealed carbon black at 1250°C was improved to a value 40 σ/cm. Furthermore, impregnating a high amount of annealed carbon black (40 wt. %) in a polymeric matrix resulted in a low electrical conductivity of 0.0034 σ/cm. Blending annealed carbon black into carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) resulted in alternating the electrical conductivity of the composite material. The surface conductivity of carbon fiber polymer was 2.5 σ (per share). However, the surface conductivity of impregnating 2 wt. % annealed waste carbon black into CFRP was 13 σ (per square). The results also showed that addition of 5 wt. % of waste carbon black noticeably decreased the area specific resistance of CFRP from 199 to 98 mΩ.cm2. The through-plane thermal conductivity of CFRP increased as carbon black wt. % increased. The through-plane thermal conductivity increased by 78% when the waste carbon black loading reached 16 wt. %. However, loading the composite with waste carbon black resulted in decreasing the flexural strength. It is recommended to blend 5 wt. % of waste carbon black annealed at 1250°C into CFRP to provide enhancement in both the through-plane and surface electrical conductivity. The surface conductivity was enhanced by 80% when blending 5 wt. % of waste carbon black. The through plane resistivity reduced 51% by adding 5 wt. % of waste carbon black

Effect of Various Electric Conductivity on Growth and Yield of Pakchoy plant (Brassica rapa L.) With Hydroponic NFT System

Nutrient film technique is one of the hydroponic method that is widely used. Hydroponic vegetable cultivation requires a balanced and adequate nutrition for plants. The accuracy concentration of nutrition can be determined with EC regulation. This study aimed to determine the effect of electric conductivity by regulating the EC levels in the nutrient solution and its effect on growth and yield of pakchoy plant. This research was conducted in a rooftop in Kebon Jeruk, West of Jakarta, from October to November of 2017. The method used was randomized block design (RBD) with one factor namely electric conductivity (EC 1.5; EC 2.0; EC 2.5; EC 3.0) repeated 6 times,. The result showed that electric conductivity treatment in hydroponic formulation with 250 ppm nitrogen (N) effected on parameters of wet weight, height of the plant, width of leaf, shoot root ratio. The highest wet weight was obtained from level e3 (EC 2.5), and this was consistent with most parameters that EC 2.5 showed the best result of all parameters. Therefore it’s clear that by regulating the EC a change will occur for the better or for otherwise

El hebreo y el árabe en contacto: desviación e interferencias en la ficción judía iraquí

As bilingual authors, Iraqi Jewish novelists use Arabic in some of their Hebrew novels, the result of which has been some linguistic phenomena related to languages in contact. This paper discusses the deviations and interferences between Arabic and Hebrew in Iraqi Jewish fiction, asserting that both interference and deviation from the Modern Hebrew norm occur at times under the influence of Arabic. The paper concludes with the question of whether these deviations from the Modern Hebrew norm foreground literary texts by Iraqi Jewish authors. Como autores bilingües, lo novelistas judíos iraquíes utilizan el árabe en algunas de sus novelas hebreas, lo que ha originado algunos fenómenos lingüísticos relacionados con el contacto entre lenguas. Este artículo analiza las desviaciones y las interferencias entre el árabe y el hebreo en la ficción judía iraquí, afirmando que tanto la interferencia y la desviación del hebreo moderno se producen a veces bajo la influencia de la lengua árabe. El artículo concluye preguntando si estas desviaciones destacan los textos literarios de autores judíos iraquíes

The Effect of the Provisions of the Marriage Contract in Achieving the Purpose of Justice According to the Qur'anic Perspective

It has not been said to the Messengers before you that your Lord is a wielder of forgiveness and painful punishment .(43) It has been detailed that in order for such a law to have the characteristics of its sources, it must be characterized by the attributes of perfection and precision in its provisions, so that it is based on achieving and complementing the interests of the people, as well as warding off and minimizing evil for them. Al-Baqarah: ,185 and one of the manifestations of His mercy, Glory be to Him, is that He made the goal of justice among the purposes that are realized by the provisions that characterize this noble Sharia. ``Indeed, God commands justice and kindness and giving to kin and forbids immorality, evil, and transgression against you''. An-Nahl: ,90 until life is straight and sweet, and this justice is sought by the reader and researcher in the details of the Sharia provisions, whether in worship or in contracts and transactions, and as a succession of divine proofs that this Sharia is valid for all times and places, and capable of refuting fabrications of falsehoods and spoiler suspicions. To give solutions to the biggest dilemmas and challenges facing humanity in its journey on this earth, so we can find this justice clearly in the provisions related to marriage, whose legitimacy is intended, as it makes the obligated person in a state of tranquility while he responds to the call of instinct, and satisfies his instinct with an outlet that God and his law made for them, which is marriage. And He forbade them fornication and incest, "And those who are to guard their private parts" .(29) Except against their spouses or what any of their oaths contain, they cannot be blamed .(30) So, whoever seeks after that, then those are the transgressors .(31) Al-Maarij: and through the provisions of marriage, we can establish a family of peace, affection, and mercy, and all of this comes through activating the purpose of justice, whose provisions emphasize the need for the family entity to be established on it. Between the spouses, the provisions of legal guardianship and discipline and polygamy for wives through a jurisprudential study based on the sources and references of the four schools of jurisprudence and intentional books, emphasizing their role in achieving and nurturing the goal of justice in a manner distinguished by refuting the suspicions of those who follow their desires and want to destroy this divine structure, which is one of the great signs in which He was grateful to his creation. Keywords: impact, provisions, marriage contract, justicetrace, Provisions, The marriage contract, The marriage contract, Justic

Molecular Detection of bla OXA-48 Gene Encoding Carbapenem Resistance Pseudomonas aeruginosa Clinical Isolates from Khartoum State Hospitals, Sudan

Background:Carbapenem resistance in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is particularly worrisome because this class of β-lactam represents the last therapeutic resource for control of bacterial infection. Objectives This study aimed to detect the frequency of bla OXA-48 resistance gene among Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates during the period from November 2018 to November 2019. Methods: Hundred Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates, 81 carbapenems (imipenem meropenem) resistant and 19 carbapenems sensitive were collected from Omdurman Teaching Hospital, Fedail Hospital and Soba Teaching Hospital in Khartoum State-Sudan. All isolates were re-identified using conventional bacteriological techniques, their susceptibility to carbapenems were tested using Kirby-Bauer method for confirmation. All isolates were investigated for the presence of the bla OXA-48 gene using conventional PCR technique. Results: 60 (60.0%) out of 100 Pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolates were positive for blaOXA-48 gene. Out of 81 carbapenem resistant isolates 54(66.7%) were positive for bla OXA-48 gene, while among the (19) carbapenem sensitive isolates 6 (31.6%) were positive for blaOXA-48 gene. There was statistically significant association between carbapenem resistant isolates and the presence of blaOXA-48 gene (P-value = 0.006). Wound swabs were the predominant clinical samples detected harboring bla OXA-48 gene both among the sensitive 5 (83.3%) and carbapenem resistant isolates 29(53.7) (P.value&gt; 0.05). Conclusion: Our findings revealed high frequency of bla OXA-48 among carbapenem resistant isolates so identification of bla OXA-48 producing strains and taking efforts to reduce the rate of transferring these gene between the different strains is essential for optimization of&nbsp; therapy and improves of patients outcomes

Traditional Residential Architecture in Cairo from a Green Architecture Perspective

In Egypt, traditional residential architecture of Islamic eras accorded a great deal of importance and respect to the environment, the source of the construction materials that give form to architectural elements. It also contributes to creating architectural spaces that realize mental and physical comfort of users while complementing the surrounding environment. In this paper, various components and design patterns of the traditional residential architecture in Cairo (Cairene houses) were observed and analyzed from a green architecture perspective in order to determine best building techniques and elements of environmentally friendly design. First, the climatic system of Egypt is explained, second a description of the traditional residential architecture in Cairo is provided, third, green principles in the design patterns and elements of Cairene houses were observed and analyzed in detail in terms of: 1) solar heat energy, 2) solar light energy, 3) wind energy, 4) construction materials, and 5) sound insulation Keywords: Cairo, Cairene houses, green architecture, maq’ad, takhtabush, mashrabiyya, qa’a, shokhshekha, malqaf, solar heat, solar light, wind, construction materials, sound insulation

The Impact of Micro Factors on the Performance of the Iraq Stock Exchange Index for the Period 2005-2021

Purpose:  The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of some micro factors (liquidity and profitability factors) of the Iraqi banking sector in determining the return of the stock market represented by the return of the Iraqi financial market index using time series analysis according to the ARDL methodology for the period 2005-2021.   Design/methodology/approach:  The study adopted an econometrics analysis of time series using the ARDL (auto-regressive distributed lag) methodology for the period 2005-2021 to investigate the impact of some micro factors (liquidity and profitability ratios) in Iraqi banking sector listed in Iraq stock exchange market on market return (Iraq Stock Exchange Index as a benchmark).   Findings:  The results of this study reveal significant effects of the financial factors for micro factor on the Iraqi Stock Exchange index. It is interesting that the variables of banking liquidity showed a stronger logical relationship with the dependent variable in line with financial theory than the variables of banking profitability. The relationship between the micro factors model and the financial market index required a long-term adjustment equivalent to (0.2124) of the time needed to adjust to the balanced state according to the error correction equation.   Research, Practical &amp; Social implications: These results confirm the importance of taking into account micro-financial factors when making financing and investment decisions, as well as when evaluating the economic situation in the Iraqi banking sector. Understanding the impact of these factors and their relationships contributes to decision-making and enhances general forecasting of future economic volatility and risk management.   Originality/value:  This study provides valuable insights into the dynamics of the Iraqi financial market and highlights the importance of incorporating micro-financial factors into financial analyzes and investment strategies. The study recommends that future research should explore the complex links between macroeconomic factors and the financial market to gain a comprehensive understanding of the economic environment