Ántrax cutáneo en Lima, Perú: análisis retrospectivo de 71 casos, incluyendo cuatro con complicación meningoencefálica

Anthrax is a zoonosis produced by Bacillus anthracis, and as an human infection is endemic in several areas in the world, including Peru. More than 95% of the reported naturally acquired infections are cutaneous, and approximately 5% of them can progress to meningoencephalitis. In this study we review the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the patients with diagnosis of cutaneous anthrax evaluated between 1969 and 2002 at the Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia (HNCH) and the Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt in Lima, Peru. Seventy one patients were included [49/71 (69%) of them men], with a mean age of 37 years. The diagnoses were classified as definitive (44%) or probable (56%). The most common occupation of the patients was agriculture (39%). The source of infection was found in 63 (88.7%) patients. All the patients had ulcerative lesions, with a central necrosis. Most of the patients (65%) had several lesions, mainly located in the upper limbs (80%). Four patients (5.6%) developed meningoencephalitis, and three of them eventually died. In conclusion, considering its clinical and epidemiological characteristics, cutaneous anthrax must be included in the differential diagnosis of skin ulcers. A patient with clinical suspicion of the disease should receive effective treatment soon, in order to avoid neurological complications which carry a high fatality rate.El ántrax es una zoonosis producida por el Bacillus anthracis y la infección humana es endémica en diversas partes del mundo, incluyendo el Perú. Más del 95% de las infecciones adquiridas naturalmente son cutáneas y aproximadamente 5% de ellas pueden evolucionar para meningoencefalitis. En este estudio revisamos las características clínicas y epidemiológicas de los pacientes con diagnóstico de ántrax cutáneo evaluados entre 1969 y 2002 en el Hospital Nacional Cayetano Heredia (HNCH) y en el Instituto de Medicina Tropical Alexander von Humboldt, en Lima, Perú. Se incluyeron 71 pacientes [49/71 (69%) del sexo masculino], con edad media de 37 años. Los diagnósticos fueron clasificados como definitivos (44%) o probables (56%). La ocupación más frecuente fue la agricultura (39%). La fuente de infección fue identificada en 63 (88.7%) pacientes. Todos presentaron lesiones ulcerativas con necrosis central. La mayoría de ellos (65%) tuvieron lesiones múltiples, principalmente localizadas en miembros superiores (80%). Cuatro pacientes (5.6%) desarrollaron meningoencefalitis y tres de ellos fallecieron. En conclusión, considerando sus particulares características clínicas y epidemiológicas, el ántrax cutáneo debe ser siempre incluido en el diagnóstico diferencial de las lesiones cutáneas ulcerativas. Los pacientes con sospecha clínica de la enfermedad deben recibir tratamiento precoz con el objetivo de evitar complicaciones neurológicas, las cuales presentan elevados índices de fatalidad

Algoritmos de seguridad para aplicaciones web: un mapeo sistemático

At present the number of network users has been progressively increasing; as a consequence, the treats and vulnerabilities faced by the system have also increased considerably. Putting the confidentiality, integrity and availability of the handled data at risk. The implementation of algorithms protection in the development of websites is crucial to guarantee the security and integrity of information and to face possible computer treats. The deductive method, observation and exploratory research will be used for the analysis of primary information. As a result, a systematic mapping of the most used security algorithms in web applications is presented. The impact of this research could have a direct or indirect effect for all web applications, which present security problems. Keywords: Algorithms, confidentiality, integrity, availability, web security.En la actualidad, el número de usuarios en la red ha ido incrementándose de manera progresiva; como consecuencia, las amenazas y vulnerabilidades a las que se enfrentan los sistemas han aumentado considerablemente, poniendo en riesgo la confidencialidad, integridad y disponibilidad de los datos que se manejan. La implementación de algoritmos de protección en el desarrollo de sitios web es crucial para garantizar la seguridad e integridad de la información y hacer frente a las posibles amenazas informáticas. Se utilizará el método deductivo, la observación e investigación exploratoria para el análisis de la información primaria. Como resultado se presenta un mapeo sistemático sobre los algoritmos de seguridad más empleados en aplicaciones web. El impacto de esta investigación podría tener un efecto directo o indirecto para todas las aplicaciones web, que presenten problemas de seguridad. Palabras clave: algoritmos; confidencialidad; integridad; disponibilidad; seguridad web. Abstract At present the number of network users has been progressively increasing; as a consequence, the treats and vulnerabilities faced by the system have also increased considerably. Putting the confidentiality, integrity and availability of the handled data at risk. The implementation of algorithms protection in the development of websites is crucial to guarantee the security and integrity of information and to face possible computer treats. The deductive method, observation and exploratory research will be used for the analysis of primary information. As a result, a systematic mapping of the most used security algorithms in web applications is presented. The impact of this research could have a direct or indirect effect for all web applications, which present security problems. Keywords: Algorithms, confidentiality, integrity, availability, web security. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 16 de marzo de 2023.Fecha de aceptación: 02 de junio de 2023.Fecha de publicación: 20 de junio de 2023

Jellyfish collagen: A new allergen in the beach

Jellyfish stings are a common event in seas worldwide with an estimated 150 million envenomations annually, usually results in acute cutaneous inflammation but some allergic reactions are also documented.CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias, a Carlos III Institute of Health initiative, and the Conchita Rábago Foundation

Tratamiento del síndrome nefrótico con corticoesteroides

Tema ovog rada je honanje košuljice cilindra postupkom kojim obrađujemo površine metala radi postizanja određene točnosti i kvalitete obrađenih površina. Honanje je ograničeno na tanak površinski sloj i uglavnom izaziva hladnu plastičnu deformaciju, ali ne utječe na strukturu i svojstva materijala. Pri honanju vrlo je bitno da se radna površina pokriva velikim količinama sredstava za hlađenje i podmazivanje. Tu istu radnu površinu je potrebno hladiti da ne bi došlo do promjene strukture zbog procesa poput otpuštanja i rekristalizacije. Većina današnjih istraživanja honanja je usmjerena na primjenu boljih sredstava za hlađenje i podmazivanje. Velika važnost honanja ovisi o brzini trošenja, odnosno istrošenosti košuljice, te vremenskom periodu u kojem se ista ispitiva. Brzini trošenja uvelike pridonosi tip košuljice koja može biti suha ili mokra.The subject of this paper is cylinder liner honing with procedure treating the metal surfaces in order to achieve required precision and qualities of treated surfaces. Honing is limited to a relatively thin surface and mostly causing cold plastic deformation, without impacts on either the structure or material properties. When honing it's extremely important that working surface be covered with huge amount of cooling and lubrication agents. That working surface needs to be cooled not to cause any release and recrystallization processes. Most of today's honing researches is focused on appliance of better cooling and lubrication agents. The great importance of honing depends on the wear speed, respectively the wear of the liner, and time period during which it is tested. Type of liner that can be dry or wet contributes greatly to the wear rate