Análisis histórico y determinación de los muros que conforman al patrimonio inmueble del centro histórico de Riobamba, Ecuador

The historic center of Riobamba holds buildings with significant characteristics that are part of the cultural heritage. However, these structures are often partially or completely demolished, erasing evidence of valuable construction materials and techniques. The research concern stems from the importance of recognizing the elements composing the architecture of heritage buildings to generate documentation and facilitate possible recovery efforts, with a focus on promoting maintenance practices compatible with these properties. The study has centered on examining the walls or partitions of these buildings, understanding that they are the elements supporting vernacular materials such as earth, serving as a base for their consolidation, and often being the first to be removed or replaced by contemporary materials. Keywords: heritage property, traditional architecture, construction techniques, earthen materials, wall.El centro histórico de Riobamba sostiene edificaciones con características importantes y forman parte del patrimonio cultural, sin embargo, las estructuras a menudo son derrocadas de forma parcial o total, eliminando evidencia de materiales y técnicas constructivas con valor. La preocupación de la investigación nace de la importancia de reconocimiento de los elementos que componen a la arquitectura de los inmuebles patrimoniales para generar una documentación y posible recuperación, tendiendo a generar prácticas de mantenimiento compatibles con los inmuebles patrimoniales. Se ha centrado en estudiar a los muros o paredes que conforman los inmuebles, entendiendo que son los elementos que sostienen materiales vernáculos como la tierra como base para su consolidación y son en muchos de los casos los primeros en ser eliminados o remplazados por materiales contemporáneos. Palabras clave: patrimonio inmueble, arquitectura tradicional, técnicas constructivas, tierra cruda, muro. Abstract The historic center of Riobamba holds buildings with significant characteristics that are part of the cultural heritage. However, these structures are often partially or completely demolished, erasing evidence of valuable construction materials and techniques. The research concern stems from the importance of recognizing the elements composing the architecture of heritage buildings to generate documentation and facilitate possible recovery efforts, with a focus on promoting maintenance practices compatible with these properties. The study has centered on examining the walls or partitions of these buildings, understanding that they are the elements supporting vernacular materials such as earth, serving as a base for their consolidation, and often being the first to be removed or replaced by contemporary materials. Keywords: heritage property, traditional architecture, construction techniques, earthen materials, wall. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 19 de diciembre de 2023.Fecha de aceptación: 13 de febrero de 2024.Fecha de publicación: 26 de marzo de 2024

Tendencias de la Inteligencia Artificial Explicable en el Área de Psicología

Currently, Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools have wide use in the area of psychology, but when it comes to the area of health, the procedures and decisions made by AI become something sensitive to deal with, that is where Artificial Intelligence comes in. Explainable (XAI) that provides a wide variety of processes that make the use of AI possible in this health area. This systematic literature review (SLR) demonstrates that XAI is a valuable tool for this area, offering a wide variety of processes and methods useful for improving diagnostic accuracy, assessing treatment response, understanding behavior, and human behavior patterns, managing to accelerate the attention process. This study answers 3 research questions that lead to the acceptance and use of the tools provided by the XAI, also giving a summary of the studies selected for this SLR. Keywords: XAI, Psychology, AI, SLR, methods.En la actualidad las herramientas de Inteligencia Artificial (IA) tienen un amplio uso en el área de psicología, pero al tratarse del área de la salud los procedimientos y decisiones que toma la IA se convierten en algo sensible de tratar, ahí entra la Inteligencia Artificial Explicable (XAI) que brinda una gran variedad de procesos que hacen posible el uso de IA en esta área de salud. Esta revisión sistemática de la literatura (SLR) demuestra que la XAI es una herramienta valiosa para esta área, ya que ofrece una amplia variedad de procesos y métodos útiles para mejorar la precisión de los diagnósticos, evaluar la respuesta al tratamiento, entender la conducta y patrones de comportamiento humano logrando acelerar el proceso de atención.  Este estudio da respuesta a 3 preguntas de investigación que logran dar pie a la aceptación y uso de las herramientas que brinda la XAI, dando también un resumen de los estudios seleccionados para esta SLR. Palabras clave: XAI, Psicología, IA, SLR, Métodos. Abstract Currently, Artificial Intelligence (AI) tools have wide use in the area of psychology, but when it comes to the area of health, the procedures and decisions made by AI become something sensitive to deal with, that is where Artificial Intelligence comes in. Explainable (XAI) that provides a wide variety of processes that make the use of AI possible in this health area. This systematic literature review (SLR) demonstrates that XAI is a valuable tool for this area, offering a wide variety of processes and methods useful for improving diagnostic accuracy, assessing treatment response, understanding behavior, and human behavior patterns, managing to accelerate the attention process. This study answers 3 research questions that lead to the acceptance and use of the tools provided by the XAI, also giving a summary of the studies selected for this SLR. Keywords: XAI, Psychology, AI, SLR, methods. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 18 de octubre de 2023.Fecha de aceptación: 19 de diciembre de 2023.Fecha de publicación: 10 de enero de 2024

Análisis de diseño arquitectónico de las condicionantes de habitabilidad de una vivienda de interés social a partir de la pandemia del COVID 19

This study starts from the basic definition of housing as an enclosed and covered space intended for essential activities, emphasizing determining factors such as basic services, utilization of natural conditions, and economic accessibility. The research focuses on a social housing unit located in the Cielito Lindo urbanization, in the Montecristi canton, belonging to the province of Manabí, Ecuador. The aim is to conduct an architectural analysis of the housing constraints in social housing, with the goal of generating recommendations for post-pandemic social housing projects based on the population's needs. The applied research approach is qualitative in nature, exploratory and descriptive of the homes located in the "Cielito Lindo" urbanization. Architectural aspects such as volumetrics, spatial organization, and the relationship with the exterior were evaluated. The findings highlight the need for improvements to ensure health and well-being, particularly in areas such as thermal comfort. The study's recommendations can contribute to optimizing habitability conditions in social housing and addressing future health crises, emphasizing the importance of adapting spaces to new post-pandemic demands. Keywords: Habitability, Comfort, Covid 19, Housing, Architecture.Este estudio parte de la definición básica de vivienda como un espacio cerrado y cubierto destinado a actividades esenciales, resaltando factores determinantes como servicios básicos, aprovechamiento de condiciones naturales y accesibilidad económica. La investigación se centra en una vivienda de interés social ubicada en la urbanización “Cielito Lindo” del cantón Montecristi, perteneciente a la provincia de Manabí, Ecuador, en donde se busca realizar un análisis arquitectónico de las condicionantes habitacionales de una vivienda de interés social, para generar recomendaciones a los proyectos de vivienda de interés social post pandemia según la necesidad de la población. El enfoque de investigación aplicada es de carácter cualitativo, del tipo exploratorio y descriptivo de las viviendas ubicadas en la urbanización "Cielito Lindo". Se evaluaron aspectos arquitectónicos como volumetría, organización espacial, relación con el exterior, entre otros. Como resultado se destaca la necesidad de mejoras para garantizar salud y bienestar, especialmente en aspectos como confort térmico. Las recomendaciones del estudio pueden contribuir a optimizar las condiciones de habitabilidad en viviendas de interés social y afrontar futuras crisis sanitarias, subrayando la importancia de adaptar espacios a nuevas demandas post-pandemia. Palabras clave: Habitabilidad, Confort, Covid19, Vivienda, Arquitectura. Abstract This study starts from the basic definition of housing as an enclosed and covered space intended for essential activities, emphasizing determining factors such as basic services, utilization of natural conditions, and economic accessibility. The research focuses on a social housing unit located in the Cielito Lindo urbanization, in the Montecristi canton, belonging to the province of Manabí, Ecuador. The aim is to conduct an architectural analysis of the housing constraints in social housing, with the goal of generating recommendations for post-pandemic social housing projects based on the population's needs. The applied research approach is qualitative in nature, exploratory and descriptive of the homes located in the "Cielito Lindo" urbanization. Architectural aspects such as volumetrics, spatial organization, and the relationship with the exterior were evaluated. The findings highlight the need for improvements to ensure health and well-being, particularly in areas such as thermal comfort. The study's recommendations can contribute to optimizing habitability conditions in social housing and addressing future health crises, emphasizing the importance of adapting spaces to new post-pandemic demands. Keywords: Habitability, Comfort, Covid 19, Housing, Architecture. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 19 de diciembre de 2023.Fecha de aceptación: 13 de febrero de 2024.Fecha de publicación: 02 de marzo de 2024

Simulación de la vibración de un rodamiento bajo condiciones de falla comunes con fines didácticos

There is a very extensive and complete theory about the analysis of vibration in bearings, which is usually taught in predictive maintenance courses but can be difficult to understand and interpret. The objective of the present article is to generate a mathematical model of vibration that is based on the operating conditions and the inherent properties of the bearings of a row of balls, and that allows to visualize in graphs of amplitude versus time and amplitude versus frequency when it has a common fault to be used in a didactic way, considering this common fault as a very small bite present in one of the components (external track, internal track, cage and balls) the same that when colliding with another part generates a vibration that has a characteristic spectrum. Keywords: Mathematical modeling, bearing, vibration.Existe una teoría muy extensa y completa sobre el análisis de vibraciones en rodamientos, que suele enseñarse en cursos de mantenimiento predictivo pero que puede resultar difícil de entender e interpretar. El objetivo del presente artículo es generar un modelo matemático de vibración que se base en las condiciones de operación y las propiedades inherentes de los rodamientos de una hilera de bolas, y que permita visualizar en gráficas de amplitud versus tiempo y amplitud versus frecuencia cuando tiene una falla común para ser utilizado de manera didáctica, considerando esta falla común como una picadura muy pequeña presente en uno de los componentes (pista externa, pista interna, jaula y bolas) la misma que al chocar con otra parte genera una vibración. que tiene un espectro característico. Palabras clave: Modelado matemático, rodamientos, vibraciones. Abstract There is a very extensive and complete theory about the analysis of vibration in bearings, which is usually taught in predictive maintenance courses but can be difficult to understand and interpret. The objective of the present article is to generate a mathematical model of vibration that is based on the operating conditions and the inherent properties of the bearings of a row of balls, and that allows to visualize in graphs of amplitude versus time and amplitude versus frequency when it has a common fault to be used in a didactic way, considering this common fault as a very small bite present in one of the components (external track, internal track, cage and balls) the same that when colliding with another part generates a vibration that has a characteristic spectrum. Keywords: Mathematical modeling, bearing, vibration. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 16 de enero de 2024.Fecha de aceptación: 15 de marzo de 2024.Fecha de publicación: 04 de abril de 2024

Efectos de la implementación del mercado de mediación online en el sector de la construcción en la ciudad de Riobamba

The on-line mediation markets in construction sector are present in deferent countries, but has been evaluated only with corporative purpose in order to know the profit generated, the sells volume and the dead time reduction, generating a lack of knowledge of the effect that the implementation of this kind of web sites creates; the above is the reason why this research focused on the effects of implementing a mediation market on-line for construction sector in Riobamba, Ecuador through the usage of innovation diffusion models proposed by Everett Roggers and Frank Bass, letting to know the changes on customs and purchasing consuming into realize commercial transactions through the web page, there is a percental increase in the consumers that prefer realizing their orders on a virtual way after the implementation of the platform and also a change in the consuming was achieved as observed that the number of users that realize transactions in the web site was increasing, same that has been maintained during the implementation time, in despite that the speed of adoption is slow, due to the fear sensation for the users of giving personal data on web pages or making virtual payments. Keywords: Commerce, construction, materials, market, mediation.Los mercados de mediación on-line en el sector de la construcción están presentes en diferentes países, sin embargo han sido evaluados únicamente con fines corporativos, para conocer el margen de utilidad que han generado, los volúmenes de venta que han producido y la reducción en tiempos muertos que ocasionan, lo que ha promovido un desconocimiento sobre el efecto que provocan este tipo de páginas web en dicho sector; por lo que esta investigación se centró en conocer los efectos que produce la implementación de un mercado de mediación on-line en el sector de la construcción en la ciudad de Riobamba, a través de la utilización de los modelos de difusión de innovaciones propuestos por Everett Roggers y Frank Bass, lo que permitió conocer los cambios en las costumbres y consumos de los compradores y calcular la velocidad de adopción, obteniendo, principalmente en los compradores, cambios en sus costumbres hacia realizar transacciones comerciales a través de páginas web, pues existe un incremento del porcentaje de usuarios que prefiere realizar sus compras de forma virtual después de la implementación de la plataforma y además se logró un cambio en el consumo al observar que el crecimiento de usuarios que realizan transacciones a través del sitio web, mismo que es sostenido durante el tiempo de implementación, a pesar de que la velocidad de adopción es baja, por el temor que siente una gran parte de usuarios a proporcionar sus datos a páginas de internet, o realizar pagos en forma virtual. Palabras clave: Comercio, construcción, materiales, mercados, mediación. Abstract The on-line mediation markets in construction sector are present in deferent countries, but has been evaluated only with corporative purpose in order to know the profit generated, the sells volume and the dead time reduction, generating a lack of knowledge of the effect that the implementation of this kind of web sites creates; the above is the reason why this research focused on the effects of implementing a mediation market on-line for construction sector in Riobamba, Ecuador through the usage of innovation diffusion models proposed by Everett Roggers and Frank Bass, letting to know the changes on customs and purchasing consuming into realize commercial transactions through the web page, there is a percental increase in the consumers that prefer realizing their orders on a virtual way after the implementation of the platform and also a change in the consuming was achieved as observed that the number of users that realize transactions in the web site was increasing, same that has been maintained during the implementation time, in despite that the speed of adoption is slow, due to the fear sensation for the users of giving personal data on web pages or making virtual payments. Keywords: Commerce, construction, materials, market, mediation. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 18 de octubre de 2023.Fecha de aceptación: 19 de diciembre de 2023.Fecha de publicación: 10 de enero de 2024

Estudio de Edificios de Altura Ubicados en la Ciudad de Quito con Amortiguadores de Masa Sintonizada

The study of the inclusion of energy dissipation systems is essential because it seeks to obtain the efficiency and, if possible, the applicability of protection methods for steel structures of different heights. These systems, properly designed, can be used in several cities in the Ecuadorian Sierra such as the city of Quito. A protection system against large seismic events is proposed, such as the tuned mass damper system. These systems present improvements in energy savings and economy compared to others that perform the same function, but their disadvantage is that they are highly sensitive to changes in the dynamic characteristics of the structure, especially in its natural frequency. The idea behind tuned mass dissipators is that these additional masses can absorb and dissipate the energy generated by seismic vibrations, thus preventing these vibrations from reaching dangerous levels that could damage the building structure or jeopardize the safety of the buildings. people inside it. Keywords: Steel, Tuned Mass, Tall Buildings, energy dissipation.El estudio de la inclusión de sistemas de disipación de energía es fundamental porque se busca obtener la eficiencia y, si es posible, la aplicabilidad de métodos de protección para estructuras de acero de diferente altura. Estos sistemas, correctamente diseñados, pueden llegar a ser utilizados en varias ciudades de la Sierra Ecuatoriana como en la ciudad de Quito. Se propone un sistema de protección ante eventos sísmicos de gran magnitud como es el sistema de amortiguadores de masa sintonizada. Estos sistemas presentan mejorías en ahorro de energía y economía con respecto a otros que cumplen la misma función, pero tienen como una desventaja poseer una alta sensibilidad ante cambios en las características dinámicas de la estructura, sobre todo en su frecuencia natural. La idea detrás de los disipadores de masa sintonizada es que estas masas adicionales pueden absorber y disipar la energía generada por las vibraciones sísmicas, evitando así que estas vibraciones lleguen a niveles peligrosos que puedan dañar la estructura del edificio o poner en peligro la seguridad de las personas dentro de él. Palabras clave: Acero, Masa Sintonizada, Edificios altos, Disipación de Energía. Abstract The study of the inclusion of energy dissipation systems is essential because it seeks to obtain the efficiency and, if possible, the applicability of protection methods for steel structures of different heights. These systems, properly designed, can be used in several cities in the Ecuadorian Sierra such as the city of Quito. A protection system against large seismic events is proposed, such as the tuned mass damper system. These systems present improvements in energy savings and economy compared to others that perform the same function, but their disadvantage is that they are highly sensitive to changes in the dynamic characteristics of the structure, especially in its natural frequency. The idea behind tuned mass dissipators is that these additional masses can absorb and dissipate the energy generated by seismic vibrations, thus preventing these vibrations from reaching dangerous levels that could damage the building structure or jeopardize the safety of the buildings. people inside it. Keywords: Steel, Tuned Mass, Tall Buildings, energy dissipation. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 18 de octubre de 2023.Fecha de aceptación: 19 de diciembre de 2023.Fecha de publicación: 10 de enero de 2024

Sostenibilidad de la economía circular para la transferencia del conocimiento en Latinoamérica desde una mirada de la gestión pública

The document examines the relationship between the sustainability of the circular economy and the transfer of knowledge in public management in Latin America. It is highlighted that the circular economy offers an effective approach to address environmental, economic and social challenges in the region by promoting efficiency in the use of resources, job creation and reducing the environmental footprint. The crucial role of knowledge transfer in public management is highlighted to promote the sustainability of the circular economy, by facilitating the exchange of information, experiences and best practices between different government entities and countries in the region. The importance of collaboration and knowledge exchange between multiple actors, including governments, the private sector, civil society and academia, is emphasized to promote the effective implementation of the circular economy in Latin America. The need to strengthen the institutional and technical capacities of Latin American countries is highlighted to ensure successful implementation of the circular economy in the long term, including the development of sound policies, investment in infrastructure and sustainable technologies, and the promotion of education and raising public awareness about the principles and benefits of the circular economy. The conclusions highlight the importance of knowledge transfer in public management as a key tool to promote the sustainability of the circular economy in Latin America and move towards more equitable and sustainable development in the region. Keywords: Sustainability, Circular economy, public management.El documento examina la relación entre la sostenibilidad de la economía circular y la transferencia de conocimiento en la gestión pública en Latinoamérica. Se destaca que la economía circular ofrece un enfoque efectivo para abordar los desafíos ambientales, económicos y sociales en la región al promover la eficiencia en el uso de recursos, la generación de empleo y la reducción de la huella ambiental. Se resalta el papel crucial de la transferencia de conocimiento en la gestión pública para impulsar la sostenibilidad de la economía circular, al facilitar el intercambio de información, experiencias y mejores prácticas entre diferentes entidades gubernamentales y países de la región. Se enfatiza la importancia de la colaboración y el intercambio de conocimientos entre múltiples actores, incluidos los gobiernos, el sector privado, la sociedad civil y la academia, para promover la implementación efectiva de la economía circular en Latinoamérica. Se subraya la necesidad de fortalecer las capacidades institucionales y técnicas de los países latinoamericanos para garantizar una implementación exitosa de la economía circular a largo plazo, incluyendo el desarrollo de políticas sólidas, la inversión en infraestructura y tecnologías sostenibles, y la promoción de la educación y la sensibilización pública sobre los principios y beneficios de la economía circular. Las conclusiones resaltan la importancia de la transferencia de conocimiento en la gestión pública como una herramienta clave para impulsar la sostenibilidad de la economía circular en Latinoamérica y avanzar hacia un desarrollo más equitativo y sostenible en la región. Palabras clave: Sostenibilidad, Economía circular, gestión pública. Abstract The document examines the relationship between the sustainability of the circular economy and the transfer of knowledge in public management in Latin America. It is highlighted that the circular economy offers an effective approach to address environmental, economic and social challenges in the region by promoting efficiency in the use of resources, job creation and reducing the environmental footprint. The crucial role of knowledge transfer in public management is highlighted to promote the sustainability of the circular economy, by facilitating the exchange of information, experiences and best practices between different government entities and countries in the region. The importance of collaboration and knowledge exchange between multiple actors, including governments, the private sector, civil society and academia, is emphasized to promote the effective implementation of the circular economy in Latin America. The need to strengthen the institutional and technical capacities of Latin American countries is highlighted to ensure successful implementation of the circular economy in the long term, including the development of sound policies, investment in infrastructure and sustainable technologies, and the promotion of education and raising public awareness about the principles and benefits of the circular economy. The conclusions highlight the importance of knowledge transfer in public management as a key tool to promote the sustainability of the circular economy in Latin America and move towards more equitable and sustainable development in the region. Keywords: Sustainability, Circular economy, public management. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 08 de febrero de 2024.Fecha de aceptación: 22 de abril de 2024.Fecha de publicación: 01 de mayo de 2024

Estudio de tiempos y movimientos en el área de almacenamiento de una comercializadora avícola

This study addressed the problem of low productivity in the storage area of a trading company, where the current daily production is 1700 bags, contrasted with the current demand of 2205. This discrepancy revealed a bottleneck that limits the operational efficiency and competitiveness of the company in the sector. The applied methodology presents a mixed and descriptive approach, the synthesis analysis method was applied for the development of a 3-phase methodology: The first corresponds to an analysis of loads and capacities, the second phase develops a time study with timing and the third phase offers the economic cost-benefit analysis. To cover the demand in the activity of estiva, the acquisition of a forklift of 1.8 tons dual muth. is proposed, before the alternative of hiring personnel; which allows an improvement of the use of the installed capacities and establishes the study of times and movements as a valid tool for the standardization of processes and improvement of the productivity. Keywords: time, movement, productivity, timekeeping, working day.El presente estudio abordó la problemática de la baja productividad en el área de almacenamiento de una comercializadora, donde la producción diaria actual es de 1700 sacos, contrastada con la demanda actual de 2205. Esta discrepancia evidenció un cuello de botella que limita la eficiencia operativa y la competitividad de la empresa en el sector. La metodología aplicada presenta un enfoque mixto y descriptivo, se aplicó el método análisis síntesis, para el desarrollo de una metodología de 3 fases: La primera corresponde a un análisis de cargas y capacidades, la segunda fase desarrolla un estudio de tiempos con cronometraje y la tercera fase ofrece el análisis económico de costo-beneficio. Para cubrir la demanda en la actividad de estiva, se propone la adquisición de un montacarga de 1.8 toneladas dual muth, ante la alternativa de contratación de personal; lo cual permite una mejora del aprovechamiento de las capacidades instaladas y establece el estudio de tiempos y movimientos como una herramienta válida para la estandarización de procesos y mejora de la productividad. Palabras clave: tiempo, movimiento, productividad, cronometraje, jornada laboral. Abstract This study addressed the problem of low productivity in the storage area of a trading company, where the current daily production is 1700 bags, contrasted with the current demand of 2205. This discrepancy revealed a bottleneck that limits the operational efficiency and competitiveness of the company in the sector. The applied methodology presents a mixed and descriptive approach, the synthesis analysis method was applied for the development of a 3-phase methodology: The first corresponds to an analysis of loads and capacities, the second phase develops a time study with timing and the third phase offers the economic cost-benefit analysis. To cover the demand in the activity of estiva, the acquisition of a forklift of 1.8 tons dual muth. is proposed, before the alternative of hiring personnel; which allows an improvement of the use of the installed capacities and establishes the study of times and movements as a valid tool for the standardization of processes and improvement of the productivity. Keywords: time, movement, productivity, timekeeping, working day. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 16 de enero de 2024.Fecha de aceptación: 15 de marzo de 2024.Fecha de publicación: 19 de abril de 2024

Análisis del comportamiento mecánico de los suelos limo arenosos, estabilizado con cal y cemento

In this research on the stabilization of sandy loam soils with lime and cement, the mechanical behavior of these soils was determined, which included laboratory tests such as particle size analysis, Atterberg Limits tests, Proctor compaction test, California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test, and Permeability tests. In order to analyze how the properties of the material change, the properties of the sandy loam soil in its natural state were compared with those after adding lime and cement at percentages of 3%, 6%, and 9%. Other dynamic studies were conducted to explore soil properties, including the constant head permeability test. Lime was added as an admixture, resulting in low permeability with 3% lime at 2.65E-05 cm/s, and with 6% lime at 5.12E-06 cm/s. Subsequently, the permeability test was conducted using cement as an admixture, resulting in 3% cement at 2.44E-06 cm/s, 6% cement at 2.58E-06 cm/s, and 9% cement at 2.55E-07 cm/s. Keywords: Sandy silt soil, lime, cement, mechanical behavior of the soil.En esta investigación de estabilización de los suelos limos arenosos con cal y cemento se determinó el comportamiento mecánico de estos que incluyeron la realización de ensayos de laboratorio como son: granulometría, ensayos de Límites de Atterberg, ensayo de Proctor, ensayo de capacidad portante (CBR), y ensayos de Permeabilidad. Con el fin de analizar cómo cambian las propiedades del material, además se compararon las propiedades del suelo limo - arenosos en estado natural y posteriormente adicionando la cal y el cemento en porcentajes de 3%, 6% y 9%. Se realizaron otros tipos de estudios dinámicos para explorar las propiedades del suelo, se adicionó el ensayo de permeabilidad de carga constante, utilizando los agentes incorporados de cal y cemento teniendo como resultado una baja permeabilidad con cal para el 3% con 2.65E-05 cm/s, con el 6% 5.12E-06 cm/s, posteriormente se realizó el ensayo de permeabilidad con el empleo de  cemento  teniendo como resultado con el 3% un 2.44E-06 cm/s, con el 6% con 2.58E-06 cm/s y con el 9% un 2.55E-07 cm/s. Palabras clave: Suelo limo arenoso, cal, cemento, comportamiento mecánico del suelo. Abstract In this research on the stabilization of sandy loam soils with lime and cement, the mechanical behavior of these soils was determined, which included laboratory tests such as particle size analysis, Atterberg Limits tests, Proctor compaction test, California Bearing Ratio (CBR) test, and Permeability tests. In order to analyze how the properties of the material change, the properties of the sandy loam soil in its natural state were compared with those after adding lime and cement at percentages of 3%, 6%, and 9%. Other dynamic studies were conducted to explore soil properties, including the constant head permeability test. Lime was added as an admixture, resulting in low permeability with 3% lime at 2.65E-05 cm/s, and with 6% lime at 5.12E-06 cm/s. Subsequently, the permeability test was conducted using cement as an admixture, resulting in 3% cement at 2.44E-06 cm/s, 6% cement at 2.58E-06 cm/s, and 9% cement at 2.55E-07 cm/s. Keywords: Sandy silt soil, lime, cement, mechanical behavior of the soil. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 18 de octubre de 2023.Fecha de aceptación: 19 de diciembre de 2023.Fecha de publicación: 10 de enero de 2024

Influencia del cambio climático sobre el régimen de crecidas en la quebrada de Cunduana

The Cunduana ravine, located in the Licán parish of Riobamba city, Chimborazo province, has been impacted by severe weather conditions and alterations to its natural watercourse. This situation could worsen considering the effects of Climate Change on the flood regime in the Cunduana ravine. Due to limited studies on Climate Change in Ecuador and challenges in accessing meteorological data, this study employed hydrological and hydraulic models to simulate local conditions. Climate Change scenarios were implemented to analyze potential future conditions in the ravine, aiming to identify climate effects and forecast future flood zones. Intensity-Duration-Frequency curves were generated using historical data from the M1036 agrometeorological station and climate scenarios from the Ministry of Environment, Water, and Ecological Transition. Hydrological and hydraulic modeling was performed using Hec-hms and Iber models, incorporating the RCP 8.5 climate scenario over a 50-year return period, resulting in maps of new flood zones. The findings indicated variations of up to 0.60 m3/s in flow and 0.90 m in observed water levels between the current and future situations. Although flood-prone areas did not change significantly, the slight increases in values could elevate the current risks to human lives and property during flood events. It is crucial for regulatory authorities to propose action plans to mitigate hazards associated with such situations. Keywords: Climate change, hydrological modeling, hygraulic modeling, floods.La quebrada de Cunduana en la parroquia Licán, Riobamba, Chimborazo, ha sufrido impactos debido a condiciones climáticas intensas y la alteración de su curso natural. Esta situación podría agravarse con los efectos del Cambio Climático en el régimen de crecidas. Dada la escasa investigación sobre el Cambio Climático en Ecuador y las dificultades para obtener datos meteorológicos, el estudio implementó modelos hidrológicos e hidráulicos. Se utilizaron escenarios de Cambio Climático para analizar futuras condiciones en la quebrada y se generaron curvas Intensidad-Duración-Frecuencia con datos de la estación M1036 y escenarios del Ministerio del Ambiente. La modelación hidrológica e hidráulica con Hec-hms e Iber bajo el escenario RCP 8.5 y un retorno de 50 años produjo mapas de nuevas zonas inundables. Los resultados mostraron variaciones de hasta 0.60 m3/s en caudal y 0.90 m en el nivel del agua entre las situaciones actual y futura. Aunque las áreas propensas a inundaciones apenas cambiaron, los ligeros incrementos presentan riesgos adicionales para vidas humanas y bienes materiales. Se insta a las autoridades a proponer planes de acción para reducir los peligros asociados a estas situaciones. Palabras clave: Cambio Climático, Modelación Hidrológica, Modelación Hidráulica, Inundaciones. Abstract The Cunduana ravine, located in the Licán parish of Riobamba city, Chimborazo province, has been impacted by severe weather conditions and alterations to its natural watercourse. This situation could worsen considering the effects of Climate Change on the flood regime in the Cunduana ravine. Due to limited studies on Climate Change in Ecuador and challenges in accessing meteorological data, this study employed hydrological and hydraulic models to simulate local conditions. Climate Change scenarios were implemented to analyze potential future conditions in the ravine, aiming to identify climate effects and forecast future flood zones. Intensity-Duration-Frequency curves were generated using historical data from the M1036 agrometeorological station and climate scenarios from the Ministry of Environment, Water, and Ecological Transition. Hydrological and hydraulic modeling was performed using Hec-hms and Iber models, incorporating the RCP 8.5 climate scenario over a 50-year return period, resulting in maps of new flood zones. The findings indicated variations of up to 0.60 m3/s in flow and 0.90 m in observed water levels between the current and future situations. Although flood-prone areas did not change significantly, the slight increases in values could elevate the current risks to human lives and property during flood events. It is crucial for regulatory authorities to propose action plans to mitigate hazards associated with such situations. Keywords: Climate change, hydrological modeling, hygraulic modeling, floods. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 18 de octubre de 2023.Fecha de aceptación: 19 de diciembre de 2023.Fecha de publicación: 10 de enero de 2024