Estrategias para la Enseñanza Efectiva de la Trigonometría en el Nivel Secundario

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0263 This narrative review examines effective strategies for teaching trigonometry in secondary education, identifying five main approaches: use of multiple representations, problem-solving and active learning, technological integration, contextualized teaching, and use of analogies and models. Through analysis of specialized literature between 2015-2025, the study reveals that the most effective pedagogical approaches share characteristics such as prioritizing conceptual understanding over memorization, establishing connections with real-world situations, employing multiple representations, and encouraging active student participation. The unit circle stands out as a particularly valuable model, and tools like GeoGebra as facilitators of dynamic learning. Findings suggest that, although there is no universally optimal strategy, methodologies that contextualize learning and promote critical thinking achieve greater effectiveness. Successful implementation requires adequate teacher training and adaptation to the specific characteristics of students, offering an evidence-based foundation for pedagogical decisions that strengthen trigonometric teaching in secondary education. Keywords: Active learning, Unit circle, Mathematical visualization, GeoGebra, Spatial thinking.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0263 Resumen Esta revisión narrativa examina estrategias efectivas para la enseñanza de la trigonometría en educación secundaria, identificando cinco enfoques principales: uso de representaciones múltiples, resolución de problemas y aprendizaje activo, integración tecnológica, enseñanza contextualizada y uso de analogías y modelos. A través del análisis de literatura especializada entre 2015-2025, el estudio revela que las aproximaciones pedagógicas más efectivas comparten características como priorizar la comprensión conceptual sobre la memorización, establecer conexiones con situaciones reales, emplear múltiples representaciones y fomentar la participación activa de los estudiantes. Se destaca la circunferencia unitaria como modelo particularmente valioso, y herramientas como GeoGebra como facilitadoras del aprendizaje dinámico. Los hallazgos sugieren que, aunque no existe una estrategia universalmente óptima, las metodologías que contextualizan el aprendizaje y promueven el pensamiento crítico logran mayor efectividad. La implementación exitosa requiere formación docente adecuada y adaptación a las características específicas de los estudiantes, ofreciendo una base fundamentada para decisiones pedagógicas que fortalezcan la enseñanza trigonométrica en secundaria. Palabras clave: Aprendizaje activo, Circunferencia unitaria, Visualización matemática, GeoGebra, Pensamiento espacial. Abstract This narrative review examines effective strategies for teaching trigonometry in secondary education, identifying five main approaches: use of multiple representations, problem-solving and active learning, technological integration, contextualized teaching, and use of analogies and models. Through analysis of specialized literature between 2015-2025, the study reveals that the most effective pedagogical approaches share characteristics such as prioritizing conceptual understanding over memorization, establishing connections with real-world situations, employing multiple representations, and encouraging active student participation. The unit circle stands out as a particularly valuable model, and tools like GeoGebra as facilitators of dynamic learning. Findings suggest that, although there is no universally optimal strategy, methodologies that contextualize learning and promote critical thinking achieve greater effectiveness. Successful implementation requires adequate teacher training and adaptation to the specific characteristics of students, offering an evidence-based foundation for pedagogical decisions that strengthen trigonometric teaching in secondary education. Keywords: Active learning, Unit circle, Mathematical visualization, GeoGebra, Spatial thinking. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 12 de febrero de 2025.Fecha de aceptación: 30 de abril de 2025.Fecha de publicación: 10 de mayo de 2025

Estado del arte sobre estructuras y eficiencia energética en construcciones civiles sostenibles

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0233 This article reviews the state of the art on structures and energy efficiency in sustainable civil constructions. Through a systematic literature review, global strategies to enhance sustainability in the construction sector are analyzed, focusing on the use of eco-friendly materials, passive design, and the integration of renewable energies. The challenges Ecuador faces in implementing these sustainable practices are discussed, with an emphasis on economic and regulatory barriers. Lastly, recommendations are made to adapt these strategies to the Ecuadorian context and improve energy efficiency in buildings. Keywords: Sustainability, energy efficiency, civil construction, passive design, renewable energies, Ecuador.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0233 Resumen Este artículo revisa el estado del arte sobre las estructuras y la eficiencia energética en construcciones civiles sostenibles. A través de una revisión sistemática de la literatura, se analizan las estrategias utilizadas globalmente para mejorar la sostenibilidad en el sector de la construcción, centrándose en el uso de materiales ecológicos, el diseño pasivo y la integración de energías renovables. Asimismo, se discuten los retos que enfrenta Ecuador en la implementación de estas prácticas sostenibles, destacando las barreras económicas y normativas. Finalmente, se proponen recomendaciones para adaptar dichas estrategias al contexto ecuatoriano y mejorar la eficiencia energética en las edificaciones. Palabras clave: Sostenibilidad, eficiencia energética, construcción civil, diseño pasivo, energías renovables, Ecuador. Abstract This article reviews the state of the art on structures and energy efficiency in sustainable civil constructions. Through a systematic literature review, global strategies to enhance sustainability in the construction sector are analyzed, focusing on the use of eco-friendly materials, passive design, and the integration of renewable energies. The challenges Ecuador faces in implementing these sustainable practices are discussed, with an emphasis on economic and regulatory barriers. Lastly, recommendations are made to adapt these strategies to the Ecuadorian context and improve energy efficiency in buildings. Keywords: Sustainability, energy efficiency, civil construction, passive design, renewable energies, Ecuador

Diagnóstico de las instalaciones eléctricas para el mejoramiento de la eficiencia energética en la planta ASME SERTECPET

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0257 The study analyzes power quality at Sertecpet's ASME plant, focusing on the impacts of harmonic distortions, voltage fluctuations, and electrical imbalances on operational efficiency. Using tools like the Fluke 438-II network analyzer, key issues related to power factor, energy losses, and harmonic distortion were identified. Power factor correction through capacitor banks, surge analysis, and solutions design for optimizing electrical distribution are proposed. Additionally, a graphical interface was developed with Tkinter to facilitate the diagnosis, processing, and visualization of electrical data, including performance and regulatory compliance charts. These strategies aim to reduce costs, enhance sustainability, and ensure alignment with international standards such as IEEE 519 and ISO 50001, promoting more efficient, safe, and environmentally responsible operations. Keywords: power quality, graphical interface, power factor, surges.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0257 Resumen El estudio analiza la calidad de la energía en la planta ASME de Sertecpet, enfocándose en los impactos de distorsiones armónicas, fluctuaciones de tensión y desequilibrios eléctricos en la eficiencia operativa. Usando herramientas como el analizador de red Fluke 438-II, se identificaron problemas clave relacionados con el factor de potencia, pérdidas energéticas y distorsión armónica. Se propone la corrección del factor de potencia mediante bancos de condensadores, el análisis de sobretensiones y el diseño de soluciones para optimizar la distribución eléctrica. Además, se desarrolló una interfaz gráfica con Tkinter para facilitar el diagnóstico, procesamiento y visualización de datos eléctricos, incluyendo gráficas sobre el desempeño energético y cumplimiento normativo. Estas estrategias no solo reducirán costos y aumentarán la sostenibilidad, sino que también garantizarán la alineación con estándares internacionales como IEEE 519 e ISO 50001, promoviendo operaciones más eficientes, seguras y responsables ambientalmente. Palabras clave: calidad de la energía, interfaz gráfico, factor de potencia, sobretensiones. Abstract The study analyzes power quality at Sertecpet's ASME plant, focusing on the impacts of harmonic distortions, voltage fluctuations, and electrical imbalances on operational efficiency. Using tools like the Fluke 438-II network analyzer, key issues related to power factor, energy losses, and harmonic distortion were identified. Power factor correction through capacitor banks, surge analysis, and solutions design for optimizing electrical distribution are proposed. Additionally, a graphical interface was developed with Tkinter to facilitate the diagnosis, processing, and visualization of electrical data, including performance and regulatory compliance charts. These strategies aim to reduce costs, enhance sustainability, and ensure alignment with international standards such as IEEE 519 and ISO 50001, promoting more efficient, safe, and environmentally responsible operations. Keywords: power quality, graphical interface, power factor, surges. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 12 de enero de 2025.Fecha de aceptación: 31 de marzo de 2025.Fecha de publicación: 10 de abril de 2025

Development of an automated system for the efficient management of demineralized water pumping in a water treatment plant

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i16.0283 Abstract This analysis deals with the creation of an automated system to effectively manage the pumping of demineralized water in a treatment plant, with the objective of overcoming the shortcomings of a manual system that causes efficiency losses and risks in operations.  This proposal contemplates the implementation of level and pressure sensors, frequency regulators, programmable logic controllers (PLC) and a SCADA interface, facilitating real-time monitoring and a more sustainable operation.  In addition, the system simulation is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink, using PI and PID control models to contrast its performance. Disturbances such as pump failures, unanticipated injections and simulated leaks were examined to assess the reaction of the automated system to critical situations.  Finally, it was proved that the PI and PID controllers achieve an effective stabilization of the water level, reducing losses and optimizing the use of energy.  The PID showed a more accurate reaction, preserving stability even in the face of abrupt changes. Keywords: Automated system, Treatment plant, PI, PID, Operation, Control.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i16.0283 Resumen Este análisis aborda la creación de un sistema automatizado para gestionar eficazmente el bombeo de agua desmineralizada en una planta de tratamiento, con el objetivo de superar las deficiencias de un sistema manual que causa pérdidas de eficiencia y riesgos operativos. Esta propuesta contempla la implementación de sensores de nivel y presión, reguladores de frecuencia, controladores lógicos programables (PLC) y una interfaz SCADA, lo que facilita la monitorización en tiempo real y una operación más sostenible. Además, la simulación del sistema se realiza en MATLAB/Simulink, utilizando modelos de control PI y PID para contrastar su rendimiento. Se examinaron perturbaciones como fallos de bombas, inyecciones imprevistas y fugas simuladas para evaluar la reacción del sistema automatizado ante situaciones críticas. Finalmente, se demostró que los controladores PI y PID logran una estabilización eficaz del nivel de agua, reduciendo las pérdidas y optimizando el uso de energía. El PID mostró una reacción más precisa, manteniendo la estabilidad incluso ante cambios bruscos. Palabras clave: Sistema automatizado, Planta de tratamiento, PI, PID, Operación, Control. Abstract This analysis deals with the creation of an automated system to effectively manage the pumping of demineralized water in a treatment plant, with the objective of overcoming the shortcomings of a manual system that causes efficiency losses and risks in operations.  This proposal contemplates the implementation of level and pressure sensors, frequency regulators, programmable logic controllers (PLC) and a SCADA interface, facilitating real-time monitoring and a more sustainable operation.  In addition, the system simulation is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink, using PI and PID control models to contrast its performance. Disturbances such as pump failures, unanticipated injections and simulated leaks were examined to assess the reaction of the automated system to critical situations.  Finally, it was proved that the PI and PID controllers achieve an effective stabilization of the water level, reducing losses and optimizing the use of energy.  The PID showed a more accurate reaction, preserving stability even in the face of abrupt changes. Keywords: Automated system, Treatment plant, PI, PID, Operation, Control. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 15 de abril de 2025.Fecha de aceptación: 27 de junio de 2025.Fecha de publicación: 10 de julio de 2025

La calidad del servicio en la distribución de productos de primera necesidad en instituciones en Riobamba

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0261 This study aims to evaluate the quality of service in the distribution of basic necessities to institutions in the city of Riobamba, taking as a case study the Food Service Association ‘Al Gusto de su Paladar’. Using a mixed approach research design - quantitative and qualitative - the perceptions of 20 members of the association and 10 representatives of beneficiary institutions were analysed in order to identify strengths, weaknesses and opportunities for improvement in administrative and logistical processes. The results show an overall positive assessment of the service, highlighting the quality of the products and institutional coordination; however, weaknesses were identified in the timeliness of deliveries, quality control and logistical efficiency. Pearson's correlation coefficient (r = 0.91) confirmed a strong positive relationship between administrative management and perception of service quality. Based on these findings, it is proposed to implement strategies aimed at professionalising staff, digitalising logistical processes and standardising monitoring and feedback mechanisms in order to raise the standards of service offered to institutions. Keywords: Quality of service, distribution, basic necessities, administrative management, Riobamba.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0261 Resumen El presente estudio tiene como objetivo evaluar la calidad del servicio en la distribución de productos de primera necesidad a instituciones en la ciudad de Riobamba, tomando como caso a la Asociación de Servicio de Alimentación “Al Gusto de su Paladar”. Mediante un diseño de investigación de enfoque mixto —cuantitativo y cualitativo— se analizaron las percepciones de 20 miembros de la asociación y 10 representantes de instituciones beneficiarias, con el fin de identificar fortalezas, debilidades y oportunidades de mejora en los procesos administrativos y logísticos. Los resultados evidencian una valoración globalmente positiva del servicio, destacando la calidad de los productos y la coordinación institucional; no obstante, se identificaron debilidades en la puntualidad de las entregas, el control de calidad y la eficiencia logística. El coeficiente de correlación de Pearson (r = 0,91) confirmó una fuerte relación positiva entre la gestión administrativa y la percepción de calidad del servicio. A partir de estos hallazgos, se propone la implementación de estrategias orientadas a la profesionalización del personal, la digitalización de procesos logísticos y la estandarización de mecanismos de monitoreo y retroalimentación, con el fin de elevar los estándares del servicio ofrecido a las instituciones. Palabras clave: Calidad del servicio, distribución, productos de primera necesidad, gestión administrativa, Riobamba. Abstract This study aims to evaluate the quality of service in the distribution of basic necessities to institutions in the city of Riobamba, taking as a case study the Food Service Association ‘Al Gusto de su Paladar’. Using a mixed approach research design - quantitative and qualitative - the perceptions of 20 members of the association and 10 representatives of beneficiary institutions were analysed in order to identify strengths, weaknesses and opportunities for improvement in administrative and logistical processes. The results show an overall positive assessment of the service, highlighting the quality of the products and institutional coordination; however, weaknesses were identified in the timeliness of deliveries, quality control and logistical efficiency. Pearson's correlation coefficient (r = 0.91) confirmed a strong positive relationship between administrative management and perception of service quality. Based on these findings, it is proposed to implement strategies aimed at professionalising staff, digitalising logistical processes and standardising monitoring and feedback mechanisms in order to raise the standards of service offered to institutions. Keywords: Quality of service, distribution, basic necessities, administrative management, Riobamba. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 14 de febrero de 2025.Fecha de aceptación: 24 de abril de 2025.Fecha de publicación: 10 de mayo de 2025

Planificación presupuestaria y mantenimiento de obras: Desafíos y estrategias

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0238 Budget planning is fundamental for the efficient maintenance of infrastructure as it ensures adequate resource allocation and mitigates financial risks. This narrative review examines key challenges associated with poor planning, identifying factors such as cost underestimation, lack of initial diagnostics, and limited adoption of advanced technologies. Globally, methodologies like risk management and Building Information Modeling (BIM) have proven effective, while in Latin America, financial constraints and weak interinstitutional coordination remain critical barriers. In Ecuador, issues such as cost overruns, the absence of preventive plans, and limited technical oversight are prominent. The review suggests that strategies like continuous training, preventive maintenance, optimization methodologies such as PERT and CPM, and the integration of advanced technologies can significantly enhance resource management efficiency and ensure infrastructure sustainability. This multidimensional approach is essential to addressing current challenges and optimizing the functionality and longevity of civil works. Keywords: risk management, sustainability, optimization methodologies, technical oversight, infrastructure.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0238 Resumen La planificación presupuestaria es clave para el mantenimiento eficiente de obras, ya que permite una adecuada distribución de recursos y la mitigación de riesgos financieros. Este análisis narrativo revisa las principales problemáticas asociadas a la falta de planificación, identificando factores como la subestimación de costos, la ausencia de diagnósticos iniciales y la limitada implementación de tecnologías avanzadas. A nivel global, metodologías como la gestión de riesgos y el uso de Building Information Modeling (BIM) han demostrado ser efectivas, mientras que en América Latina, las restricciones financieras y la débil articulación interinstitucional persisten como barreras críticas. En Ecuador, los problemas incluyen sobrecostos, falta de planes preventivos y limitada supervisión técnica. La revisión sugiere que estrategias como la capacitación continua, el mantenimiento preventivo, el uso de metodologías de optimización como PERT y CPM, y la integración de tecnologías avanzadas pueden mejorar significativamente la eficiencia en la gestión de recursos y garantizar la sostenibilidad de las infraestructuras. Este enfoque multidimensional es clave para enfrentar los desafíos actuales y optimizar la funcionalidad y longevidad de las obras civiles. Palabras clave: gestión de riesgos, sostenibilidad, metodologías de optimización, supervisión técnica, infraestructura. Abstract Budget planning is fundamental for the efficient maintenance of infrastructure as it ensures adequate resource allocation and mitigates financial risks. This narrative review examines key challenges associated with poor planning, identifying factors such as cost underestimation, lack of initial diagnostics, and limited adoption of advanced technologies. Globally, methodologies like risk management and Building Information Modeling (BIM) have proven effective, while in Latin America, financial constraints and weak interinstitutional coordination remain critical barriers. In Ecuador, issues such as cost overruns, the absence of preventive plans, and limited technical oversight are prominent. The review suggests that strategies like continuous training, preventive maintenance, optimization methodologies such as PERT and CPM, and the integration of advanced technologies can significantly enhance resource management efficiency and ensure infrastructure sustainability. This multidimensional approach is essential to addressing current challenges and optimizing the functionality and longevity of civil works. Keywords: risk management, sustainability, optimization methodologies, technical oversight, infrastructure. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 16 de octubre de 2024.Fecha de aceptación: 19 de diciembre de 2024.Fecha de publicación: 10 de enero de 2025

Impacto de la generación distribuida mediante sistemas fotovoltaicos de autoconsumo en circuitos urbanos

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0241 Today, electrical distribution systems face significant challenges such as technical losses, line overloads and increasing energy demand. Therefore, the study focused on analyzing how an urban network is affected by distributed generation, prioritizing operational efficiency and compliance with technical regulations. The study addressed the behavior of some systems when integrating distributed generation and meeting demand in specific sectors, especially under overload conditions that affect system reliability. The methodology used included power flow analysis, equivalent circuit modeling and computer simulations to evaluate various network scenarios. The findings show the possibility of performing balanced power management to optimize the use of existing assets and strengthening energy transmission planning. This study highlights the importance of incorporating distributed generation and its technical feasibility in a feeder. This in turn contributes to energy sustainability and the implementation of strategies to ensure a reliable and scalable supply, allowing sustainable development of cities with the injection of power in high demand contexts, the reduction of energy losses by bringing energy generation closer to the consumer in distribution networks. Keywords: Self-consumption, distributed generation, energy sustainability, distribution network, renewable energy, electrical system.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0241 Resumen En la actualidad, los sistemas eléctricos de distribución enfrentan desafíos significativos como pérdidas técnicas, sobrecargas en las líneas y la creciente demanda energética. Por tanto, se centró en analizar cómo una red urbana se incide la generación distribuida, priorizando la eficiencia operativa y el cumplimiento de normativas técnicas. El estudio abordó el comportamiento de algunos sistemas al integrar generación distribuida y satisfacer la demanda en sectores específicos, especialmente en condiciones de sobrecarga que afectan la confiabilidad del sistema. La metodología empleada incluyó el análisis de flujo de potencia, la modelación de circuitos equivalentes y simulaciones computacionales para evaluar diversos escenarios de la red. Los hallazgos muestran la posibilidad de realizar gestión equilibrada de las potencias para optimizar el uso de activos existentes y el fortaleciendo la planificación de la transmisión de energía. Este estudio destaca la importancia de incorporar generación distribuida y su viabilidad técnica en un alimentador. Ello contribuye a su vez a la sostenibilidad energética y a la implementación de estrategias para asegurar un suministro confiable y escalable, que permita un desarrollo sostenible de las ciudades con la inyección de potencia en contextos de alta demanda, la reducción de pérdidas de energía al acercar la generación de energía al consumidor en las redes de distribución. Palabras clave: Autoconsumo, Generación distribuida, sostenibilidad energética, red de distribución, energía renovable, sistema eléctrico. Abstract Today, electrical distribution systems face significant challenges such as technical losses, line overloads and increasing energy demand. Therefore, the study focused on analyzing how an urban network is affected by distributed generation, prioritizing operational efficiency and compliance with technical regulations. The study addressed the behavior of some systems when integrating distributed generation and meeting demand in specific sectors, especially under overload conditions that affect system reliability. The methodology used included power flow analysis, equivalent circuit modeling and computer simulations to evaluate various network scenarios. The findings show the possibility of performing balanced power management to optimize the use of existing assets and strengthening energy transmission planning. This study highlights the importance of incorporating distributed generation and its technical feasibility in a feeder. This in turn contributes to energy sustainability and the implementation of strategies to ensure a reliable and scalable supply, allowing sustainable development of cities with the injection of power in high demand contexts, the reduction of energy losses by bringing energy generation closer to the consumer in distribution networks. Keywords: Self-consumption, distributed generation, energy sustainability, distribution network, renewable energy, electrical system. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 16 de octubre de 2024.Fecha de aceptación: 19 de diciembre de 2024.Fecha de publicación: 10 de enero de 2025

Sostenibilidad y gestión de las construcciones civiles para las viviendas comunitarias basadas en ODS

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0269 This study analyzes the relationship between sustainability and the management of civil constructions applied to community housing within the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It recognizes the need to incorporate technical, social, and environmental criteria in the planning and execution of housing projects that address inclusion, resilience, and resource efficiency demands. Sustainable management involves a multidimensional approach that integrates community participation, optimization of materials and technologies, and continuous evaluation of environmental and social impacts. The SDGs, especially those related to adequate housing (SDG 11), resilient infrastructure (SDG 9), and climate action (SDG 13), provide a strategic framework to guide policies and practices in constructing sustainable community housing. Planning from this perspective seeks to overcome the limitations of traditional approaches by promoting construction processes that respond to territorial particularities and foster collective well-being. The study highlights the importance of inter-institutional coordination and social participation to achieve effective management adapted to local contexts. It also underscores the need for monitoring tools to measure sustainability and adjust strategies based on results. Ultimately, sustainability and efficient management of civil constructions are fundamental to achieving community housing that contributes to sustainable development and improved quality of life for its inhabitants. Keywords: sustainability, construction management, community housing, Sustainable Development Goals, urban planning.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0269 Resumen Este trabajo analiza la relación entre la sostenibilidad y la gestión de las construcciones civiles aplicadas a viviendas comunitarias, en el marco de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible (ODS). Se reconoce la necesidad de incorporar criterios técnicos, sociales y ambientales en la planificación y ejecución de proyectos habitacionales que respondan a las demandas de inclusión, resiliencia y eficiencia en el uso de recursos. La gestión sostenible implica un enfoque multidimensional que integra la participación comunitaria, la optimización de materiales y tecnologías, y la evaluación continua de impactos ambientales y sociales. Los ODS, especialmente aquellos vinculados a la vivienda adecuada (ODS 11), la infraestructura resiliente (ODS 9) y la acción climática (ODS 13), constituyen un marco estratégico para orientar políticas y prácticas en la construcción de viviendas comunitarias sostenibles. La planificación desde esta perspectiva busca superar las limitaciones de los enfoques tradicionales, promoviendo procesos constructivos que respondan a las particularidades territoriales y fomenten el bienestar colectivo. El estudio destaca la importancia de la coordinación interinstitucional y la participación social para lograr una gestión eficaz y adaptada a los contextos locales. Además, resalta la necesidad de contar con instrumentos de monitoreo que permitan medir la sostenibilidad y ajustar las estrategias según los resultados. En definitiva, la sostenibilidad y gestión eficiente de las construcciones civiles son fundamentales para alcanzar viviendas comunitarias que contribuyan al desarrollo sostenible y a la mejora de la calidad de vida de sus habitantes. Palabras clave: sostenibilidad, gestión de construcciones, viviendas comunitarias, Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible, planificación urbana. Abstract This study analyzes the relationship between sustainability and the management of civil constructions applied to community housing within the framework of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). It recognizes the need to incorporate technical, social, and environmental criteria in the planning and execution of housing projects that address inclusion, resilience, and resource efficiency demands. Sustainable management involves a multidimensional approach that integrates community participation, optimization of materials and technologies, and continuous evaluation of environmental and social impacts. The SDGs, especially those related to adequate housing (SDG 11), resilient infrastructure (SDG 9), and climate action (SDG 13), provide a strategic framework to guide policies and practices in constructing sustainable community housing. Planning from this perspective seeks to overcome the limitations of traditional approaches by promoting construction processes that respond to territorial particularities and foster collective well-being. The study highlights the importance of inter-institutional coordination and social participation to achieve effective management adapted to local contexts. It also underscores the need for monitoring tools to measure sustainability and adjust strategies based on results. Ultimately, sustainability and efficient management of civil constructions are fundamental to achieving community housing that contributes to sustainable development and improved quality of life for its inhabitants. Keywords: sustainability, construction management, community housing, Sustainable Development Goals, urban planning. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 24 de febrero de 2025.Fecha de aceptación: 30 de mayo de 2025.Fecha de publicación: 16 de junio de 2025

Diagnóstico de la Infraestructura de Vivienda y Servicios Básicos en la Comunidad de Sancán, Cantón Jipijapa

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0272 Abstract This research analyzes the conditions of housing infrastructure and access to basic services in the rural community of Sancán, Jipijapa canton (Ecuador), as part of the structural challenges faced by rural areas in the country. The main objective was to diagnose the current situation of habitability and service provision, including potable water, sanitation, electricity, waste management, and household socioeconomic conditions, to provide technical data useful for territorial planning and equitable public policy design. A mixed descriptive-participatory methodology was applied, based on a household census survey of 142 dwellings and community workshops using participatory tools. The results reveal significant deficits: 49.3% of homes are in precarious condition, 37% lack piped water, 41% lack adequate sanitation systems, and 76% report economic limitations for housing maintenance or improvement. Additionally, a high rate of land tenure informality (28.9%) and low educational attainment among household heads were identified. The conclusions emphasize the need for differentiated territorial policies, with an equity and sustainability approach, linking institutional and community actions to reduce infrastructure gaps in historically excluded rural contexts. Keywords: rural infrastructure, housing, basic services, territorial exclusion, local development.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0272 Resumen La presente investigación analiza las condiciones de la infraestructura de vivienda y el acceso a servicios básicos en la comunidad rural de Sancán, cantón Jipijapa (Ecuador), como parte de los desafíos estructurales que enfrentan las zonas rurales del país. El objetivo principal fue diagnosticar la situación actual de habitabilidad y provisión de servicios como agua potable, saneamiento, electricidad, gestión de residuos y condiciones socioeconómicas del hogar, con el fin de aportar información técnica útil para la planificación territorial y el diseño de políticas públicas equitativas. Se aplicó una metodología mixta de tipo descriptivo-participativo, basada en el levantamiento censal de 142 hogares mediante encuestas estructuradas y la realización de talleres comunitarios con herramientas participativas. Los resultados revelan déficits significativos: el 49,3 % de las viviendas presenta condiciones precarias, el 37 % de los hogares no accede a agua por red pública, el 41 % no cuenta con sistemas adecuados de saneamiento y el 76 % reporta dificultades económicas para mantener o mejorar su vivienda. Asimismo, se identificó una alta proporción de informalidad en la tenencia del suelo (28,9 %) y bajos niveles de escolaridad en los jefes de hogar. Las conclusiones destacan la necesidad de políticas territoriales diferenciadas, con enfoque de equidad y sostenibilidad, que articulen acciones institucionales y comunitarias para reducir las brechas de infraestructura en contextos rurales históricamente excluidos. Palabras clave: infraestructura rural, vivienda, servicios básicos, exclusión territorial, desarrollo local. Abstract This research analyzes the conditions of housing infrastructure and access to basic services in the rural community of Sancán, Jipijapa canton (Ecuador), as part of the structural challenges faced by rural areas in the country. The main objective was to diagnose the current situation of habitability and service provision, including potable water, sanitation, electricity, waste management, and household socioeconomic conditions, to provide technical data useful for territorial planning and equitable public policy design. A mixed descriptive-participatory methodology was applied, based on a household census survey of 142 dwellings and community workshops using participatory tools. The results reveal significant deficits: 49.3% of homes are in precarious condition, 37% lack piped water, 41% lack adequate sanitation systems, and 76% report economic limitations for housing maintenance or improvement. Additionally, a high rate of land tenure informality (28.9%) and low educational attainment among household heads were identified. The conclusions emphasize the need for differentiated territorial policies, with an equity and sustainability approach, linking institutional and community actions to reduce infrastructure gaps in historically excluded rural contexts. Keywords: rural infrastructure, housing, basic services, territorial exclusion, local development. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 16 de octubre de 2024.Fecha de aceptación: 27 de diciembre de 2024.Fecha de publicación: 16 de junio de 2025

Mapificación de la resistencia de los suelos naturales en los predios de la Universidad Técnica de Manabí para los diseños de pavimentos

DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0258 Soil behavior is a crucial factor in infrastructure design and construction, as it directly influences stability and load-bearing capacity. In this context, this study aimed to map soil resistance in the premises of the Universidad Técnica de Manabí through key geotechnical tests, including granulometry, Atterberg limits, plasticity index, water content, and dynamic cone penetration (DCP), following SUCS and AASHTO standards. The methodology involved analyzing 17 test pits distributed across the campus, applying the Kriging interpolation method to generate georeferenced maps of the CBR index, SUCS classification, and soil plasticity. The CBR values, obtained from the DCP test and empirical formulas, ranged from 1.38% to 39.01%, with test pits 2 and 4 exhibiting high load-bearing capacity, whereas test pits 14 and 17 presented weak soils. According to the SUCS classification, the predominant soil type was CH (high-plasticity clays), with plasticity indices ranging from 15.28% to 76.47%, indicating the presence of expansive soils highly susceptible to moisture variations. The results highlight the need for stabilization strategies in areas with low load-bearing capacity and high plasticity. Finally, the generated georeferenced maps serve as a valuable tool for planning future road and structural projects, optimizing the design of safe infrastructures. Keywords: mapping, land, construction, road works.DOI: https://doi.org/10.46296/ig.v8i15.0258 Resumen El comportamiento del suelo es un factor determinante en el diseño y construcción de infraestructuras, ya que influye en su estabilidad y capacidad portante. En este contexto, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo mapificar la resistencia del suelo en los predios de la Universidad Técnica de Manabí mediante ensayos geotécnicos clave, como granulometría, límites de Atterberg, índice de plasticidad, contenido de agua y penetración dinámica (DCP), bajo las normas SUCS y AASHTO. La metodología incluyó el análisis de 17 calicatas distribuidas en el campus, donde se aplicó el método de interpolación Kriging para generar mapas georreferenciados del índice CBR, clasificación SUCS y plasticidad del suelo. Los valores de CBR, obtenidos a partir del ensayo DCP y fórmulas empíricas, oscilaron entre 1,38 % y 39,01 %, destacando las calicatas 2 y 4 por su alta capacidad portante, mientras que las calicatas 14 y 17 presentaron suelos con baja resistencia. En la clasificación SUCS, predominó el tipo CH (arcillas de alta plasticidad), lo que indica la presencia de suelos expansivos con alta susceptibilidad a variaciones de humedad. Los resultados evidencian la necesidad de estrategias de estabilización en zonas con baja capacidad portante y alta plasticidad. Finalmente, los mapas georreferenciados generados constituyen una herramienta valiosa para la planificación de futuras obras viales. Palabras clave: mapificación, suelo, construcción, obras viales. Abstract Soil behavior is a crucial factor in infrastructure design and construction, as it directly influences stability and load-bearing capacity. In this context, this study aimed to map soil resistance in the premises of the Universidad Técnica de Manabí through key geotechnical tests, including granulometry, Atterberg limits, plasticity index, water content, and dynamic cone penetration (DCP), following SUCS and AASHTO standards. The methodology involved analyzing 17 test pits distributed across the campus, applying the Kriging interpolation method to generate georeferenced maps of the CBR index, SUCS classification, and soil plasticity. The CBR values, obtained from the DCP test and empirical formulas, ranged from 1.38% to 39.01%, with test pits 2 and 4 exhibiting high load-bearing capacity, whereas test pits 14 and 17 presented weak soils. According to the SUCS classification, the predominant soil type was CH (high-plasticity clays), with plasticity indices ranging from 15.28% to 76.47%, indicating the presence of expansive soils highly susceptible to moisture variations. The results highlight the need for stabilization strategies in areas with low load-bearing capacity and high plasticity. Finally, the generated georeferenced maps serve as a valuable tool for planning future road and structural projects, optimizing the design of safe infrastructures. Keywords: mapping, land, construction, road works. Información del manuscrito:Fecha de recepción: 12 de enero de 2025.Fecha de aceptación: 31 de marzo de 2025.Fecha de publicación: 10 de abril de 2025