Caracterização de acessos de cupuaçuzeiro através de caracteres bromatológicos da polpa do fruto.

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Development of electron-beam equipment and technology of layer welding of the wire in the conditions of additive technologies

Immunotoxins are powerful tools to specifically eliminate deviated cells. Due to the side effects of the original immunotoxins, they were only considered for the treatment of cancer as in these cases, the potential favourable effect outweighed the unwanted toxic side effects. Over time, many improvements in the construction of immunotoxins have been implemented that circumvent, or at least strongly diminish, the side effects. In consequence this opens the way to employ these immunotoxins for the treatment of non-life threatening diseases. One such category of disease could be the many chronic inflammatory disorders in which an uncontrolled interaction between inflammatory cells leads to chronicity. In several of these chronic conditions, activated macrophages, which are characterised by an increased expression of CD64, are known to play a key role. In this review we discus the data presently available on elimination of activated macrophages through CD64 immunotoxins in several animal models for chronic disease. A chemically linked complete antibody with the plant toxin Ricin-A, proved very effective and provided proof of concept. Subsequently, the development towards genetically engineered, fully human, multivalent single chain based immunotoxins that have diminished immunogenicity, is discussed. The data show that the specific elimination of activated macrophages through CD64 is indeed beneficial for the course of disease. As opposed to other methods used to inactivate or eliminate macrophages, with the CD64 based immunotoxins only the activated population is killed. This may open the way to apply these immunotoxins as therapeutics in chronic inflammatory disease

The Protomedicato Tribunal and minorities in Castile at the end of the 17th century: the case of surgeon Roldán Solimán

[EN] This note aims to provide a small set of documents which report the vicissitudes of a North-African Muslim surgeon who tried to settle professionally during the late seventeenth century in the Kingdom of Castile. The four letters exchanged between the Royal Palace and the Castilian tribunal of the Protomedicato reveal that the Spanish king Charles II (1661-1700) resoluted supported the surgeon's aspirations, and the Protomedicato's concerted resistence to the royal will. These eloquent documents shed light on the history of the Castilian Protomedicato during the final years of the reign of the last Habsburg king in Spain by providing evidence about the role of this institution in the process of segregation/exclusion of ethnic minorities from the practice of health professions.[ES] El objeto de esta nota es presentar y editar una colección documental muy breve cuyo contenido nos informa sobre las vicisitudes de un cirujano musulmán norteafricano que a finales del siglo XVII busca su asentamiento profesional en la Corona de Castilla. Las cuatro cartas entre el Palacio Real y el Tribunal del Protomedicato, que se conservan en relación a este asunto, revelan tanto el decidido apoyo del Rey Carlos 11 (1665-1700) a las pretensiones del cirujano, como la fuerte resistencia ofrecida por el Protomedicato a la voluntad real. Esta expresiva documentación arroja luz en torno a la historia del Protomedicato en la Corona de Castilla durante los años finales del reinado del último Habsburgo en España, ilustrándonos sobre el papel entonces jugado por esta institución en el proceso de segregación/exclusión de las minorías étnicas, de la práctica de las ocupaciones sanitarias.Peer reviewe

Numerical characterization of cohesive and non-cohesive 'sediments' under different consolidation states using 3D DEM triaxial experiments

© The Author(s), 2020. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Elyashiv, H., Bookman, R., Siemann, L., ten Brink, U., & Huhn, K. Numerical characterization of cohesive and non-cohesive 'sediments' under different consolidation states using 3D DEM triaxial experiments. Processes, 8(10), (2020): 1252, doi:10.3390/pr8101252.The Discrete Element Method has been widely used to simulate geo-materials due to time and scale limitations met in the field and laboratories. While cohesionless geo-materials were the focus of many previous studies, the deformation of cohesive geo-materials in 3D remained poorly characterized. Here, we aimed to generate a range of numerical ‘sediments’, assess their mechanical response to stress and compare their response with laboratory tests, focusing on differences between the micro- and macro-material properties. We simulated two endmembers—clay (cohesive) and sand (cohesionless). The materials were tested in a 3D triaxial numerical setup, under different simulated burial stresses and consolidation states. Variations in particle contact or individual bond strengths generate first order influence on the stress–strain response, i.e., a different deformation style of the numerical sand or clay. Increased burial depth generates a second order influence, elevating peak shear strength. Loose and dense consolidation states generate a third order influence of the endmember level. The results replicate a range of sediment compositions, empirical behaviors and conditions. We propose a procedure to characterize sediments numerically. The numerical ‘sediments’ can be applied to simulate processes in sediments exhibiting variations in strength due to post-seismic consolidation, bioturbation or variations in sedimentation rates.This research received no external funding

The elephant in the room of density functional theory calculations

Using multiwavelets, we have obtained total energies and corresponding atomization energies for the GGA-PBE and hybrid-PBE0 density functionals for a test set of 211 molecules with an unprecedented and guaranteed μHartree accuracy. These quasi-exact references allow us to quantify the accuracy of standard all-electron basis sets that are believed to be highly accurate for molecules, such as Gaussian-type orbitals (GTOs), all-electron numeric atom-centered orbitals (NAOs), and full-potential augmented plane wave (APW) methods. We show that NAOs are able to achieve the so-called chemical accuracy (1 kcal/mol) for the typical basis set sizes used in applications, for both total and atomization energies. For GTOs, a triple-ζquality basis has mean errors of ∼10 kcal/mol in total energies, while chemical accuracy is almost reached for a quintuple-ζbasis. Due to systematic error cancellations, atomization energy errors are reduced by almost an order of magnitude, placing chemical accuracy within reach also for medium to large GTO bases, albeit with significant outliers. In order to check the accuracy of the computed densities, we have also investigated the dipole moments, where in general only the largest NAO and GTO bases are able to yield errors below 0.01 D. The observed errors are similar across the different functionals considered here

40Ar-39Ar age of the copper mineralization at riacho do pontal IOCG district and detrital zircon U–Pb ages of paragneiss host rocks

Geological, structural and metallogenetic characteristics related to the Proterozoic Riacho do Pontal iron-oxide copper gold (IOCG) mineral systems in northeast Brazil have been reinterpreted recently and there is an ongoing discussion regarding their genetic model and associated tectonic setting. The mineralization in the Riacho do Pontal district is represented by small copper deposits strongly controlled by the structural features of the basement rocks. Hydrothermal biotite associated with the copper mineralization has a 40Ar-39Ar of ca. 691 Ma, indicating a probable late Neoproterozoic age for the main mineralization event. Detrital zircon grains from the host rock show that the sedimentary protolith is younger than ca. 2035 Ma and was probably deposited in a convergent setting. Our results help to understand the emplacement of this deposit in the tectonic context of the Riacho do Pontal Belt

High-density mapping reveals short-term reversibility of atrial ablation lesions

Cardiac arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation occur frequently in industrialized countries. Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is a standard treatment if drug therapy fails. This minimally invasive surgery aims at stabilizing the heart rhythm on a permanent basis. However, the procedure commonly needs to be repeated because of the high recurrence rate of arrhythmias. Non-transmural lesions as well as gaps within linear lesions are among the main problems during the RFA. The assessment of lesion formation is not adequate in state of the art procedures. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the short-term reversibility of lesions using human electrograms recorded by a high-density mapping system during an electrophysiological study (EPS). A predefined measurement protocol was executed during the EPS in order to create three ablation points in the left atrium. Subsequently, after preprocessing the recorded signals, electrogram (EGM) paths were formed along the endocardial surface of the atrium. By analyzing changes of peak to peak amplitudes of unipolar EGMs before and after ablation, it was possible to distinguish lesion area and healthy myocardium. The peak to peak amplitudes of the EGMs decreased by 40-61% after 30 seconds of ablation. Furthermore, we analyzed the morphological changes of EGMs surrounding the lesion. High-density mapping data showed that not only the tissue, which had direct contact with the catheter tip during the RFA, but also the surrounding tissue was affected. This was demonstrated by low peak to peak amplitudes in large areas with a width of 14 mm around the center of the ablation lesion. After right pulmonary vein isolation, high-density mapping was repeated on the previous lesions. The outer region of RFA-treated tissue appears to recover as opposed to the central core of the ablation point. This observation suggests that the meaningfulness of an immediate remap after ablation during an EPS may lead the physician to false conclusions