12,288 research outputs found
Precondicionadores elemento-por-elemento y globales. Una perspectiva
Este trabajo compara una serie de precondicionadores que han atraÃdo la atención de la comunidad cientÃfica durante los últimos años. Se resuelven varios problemas estáticos lineales que emanan de discretizaciones por elementos finitos y se comparan el número de iteraciones requerido para convergencia, el tiempo para obtener la solución y aspectos de implementación, para varias tecnicas de precondicionamiento. Cuando se analiza una topologÃa bidimensional el metodo de factorización directa todavÃa parece ser el más efectivo, no sólo debido al menor CPU, sino también porque los requerimientos de almacenamiento son relativamente pequeños. Sin embargo, se concluye que, para topologÃas tridimensionales, la iteración es esencial pcirque tanto el CPU como el amacenamiento se hacen prohibitivos en el proceso de factorización directa.Peer Reviewe
Ames collaborative study of cosmic-ray neutrons. 2: Low- and mid-latitude flights
Progress of the study of cosmic ray neutrons is described. Data obtained aboard flights from Hawaii at altitudes of 41,000 and 45,000 feet, and in the range of geomagnetic latitude 17 N less than or equal to lambda less than or equal to 21 N are reported. Preliminary estimates of neutron spectra are made
An isogeometric finite element formulation for phase transitions on deforming surfaces
This paper presents a general theory and isogeometric finite element
implementation for studying mass conserving phase transitions on deforming
surfaces. The mathematical problem is governed by two coupled fourth-order
nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) that live on an evolving
two-dimensional manifold. For the phase transitions, the PDE is the
Cahn-Hilliard equation for curved surfaces, which can be derived from surface
mass balance in the framework of irreversible thermodynamics. For the surface
deformation, the PDE is the (vector-valued) Kirchhoff-Love thin shell equation.
Both PDEs can be efficiently discretized using -continuous interpolations
without derivative degrees-of-freedom (dofs). Structured NURBS and unstructured
spline spaces with pointwise -continuity are utilized for these
interpolations. The resulting finite element formulation is discretized in time
by the generalized- scheme with adaptive time-stepping, and it is fully
linearized within a monolithic Newton-Raphson approach. A curvilinear surface
parameterization is used throughout the formulation to admit general surface
shapes and deformations. The behavior of the coupled system is illustrated by
several numerical examples exhibiting phase transitions on deforming spheres,
tori and double-tori.Comment: fixed typos, extended literature review, added clarifying notes to
the text, added supplementary movie file
Persistence effects in deterministic diffusion
In systems which exhibit deterministic diffusion, the gross parameter
dependence of the diffusion coefficient can often be understood in terms of
random walk models. Provided the decay of correlations is fast enough, one can
ignore memory effects and approximate the diffusion coefficient according to
dimensional arguments. By successively including the effects of one and two
steps of memory on this approximation, we examine the effects of
``persistence'' on the diffusion coefficients of extended two-dimensional
billiard tables and show how to properly account for these effects, using walks
in which a particle undergoes jumps in different directions with probabilities
that depend on where they came from.Comment: 7 pages, 7 figure
Ames collaborative study of cosmic ray neutrons
The results of a collaborative study to define both the neutron flux and the spectrum more precisely and to develop a dosimetry package that can be flown quickly to altitude for solar flare events are described. Instrumentation and analysis techniques were used which were developed to measure accelerator-produced radiation. The instruments were flown in the Ames Research Center high altitude aircraft. Neutron instrumentation consisted of Bonner spheres with both active and passive detector elements, threshold detectors of both prompt-counter and activation-element types, a liquid scintillation spectrometer based on pulse-shape discrimination, and a moderated BF3 counter neutron monitor. In addition, charged particles were measured with a Reuter-Stokes ionization chamber system and dose equivalent with another instrument. Preliminary results from the first series of flights at 12.5 km (41,000 ft) are presented, including estimates of total neutron flux intensity and spectral shape and of the variation of intensity with altitude and geomagnetic latitude
A Tchebycheffian extension of multi-degree B-splines: Algorithmic computation and properties
In this paper we present an efficient and robust approach to compute a
normalized B-spline-like basis for spline spaces with pieces drawn from
extended Tchebycheff spaces. The extended Tchebycheff spaces and their
dimensions are allowed to change from interval to interval. The approach works
by constructing a matrix that maps a generalized Bernstein-like basis to the
B-spline-like basis of interest. The B-spline-like basis shares many
characterizing properties with classical univariate B-splines and may easily be
incorporated in existing spline codes. This may contribute to the full
exploitation of Tchebycheffian splines in applications, freeing them from the
restricted role of an elegant theoretical extension of polynomial splines.
Numerical examples are provided that illustrate the procedure described
350 Micron Dust Emission from High Redshift Objects
We report observations of a sample of high redshift sources (1.8<z<4.7),
mainly radio-quiet quasars, at 350 microns using the SHARC bolometer camera at
the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory. Nine sources were detected (>4-sigma)
and upper limits were obtained for 11 with 350 micron flux density limits
(3-sigma) in the range 30-125mJy. Combining published results at other
far-infrared and millimeter wavelengths with the present data, we are able to
estimate the temperature of the dust, finding relatively low values, averaging
50K. From the spectral energy distribution, we derive dust masses of a few 10^8
M_sun and luminosities of 4-33x10^{12} L_sun (uncorrected for any
magnification) implying substantial star formation activity. Thus both the
temperature and dust masses are not very different from those of local
ultraluminous infrared galaxies. For this redshift range, the 350 micron
observations trace the 60-100 micron rest frame emission and are thus directly
comparable with IRAS studies of low redshift galaxies.Comment: 5 pages, 2 PS figures. Accepted for publication in Astrophysical
Journal Letter
Pemoline and Tetramisole \u27Positives\u27 in English Racehorses Following Levamisole Administration
Pemoline is a central nervous system stimulant that has been used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy in humans; its identification in horses could be considered evidence of attempts to influence performance. Two recent pemoline \u27positives\u27 in English racehorses led us to review the chemical relationships between tetramisole, levamisole, aminorex and pemoline. Pemoline is a simple oxidation product of aminorex, which has been shown in the United States and elsewhere to be an equine metabolite of levamisole. Based on the clear structural relationships between aminorex and pemoline, we conclude that levamisole can metabolise to pemoline in horses and that pemoline identifications in horses post levamisole administration are likely to be associated with levamisole administration. Levamisole should not be administered to horses about to compete because of its ability to metabolise to two central nervous system stimulants, aminorex and pemoline
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