Efecto del raloxifeno sobre el funcionamiento neuropsicológico en mujeres con esquizofrenia postmenopáusicas

Introducción Los estudios de terapia estrogénica en mujeres postmenopáusicas proporcionan pruebas de un efecto de las hormonas sexuales sobre la función cognitiva. Los estrógenos han demostrado alguna utilidad para prevenir el declive normal relacionado con la edad en las funciones cognitivas, especialmente en memoria. El potencial terapéutico de los estrógenos en la esquizofrenia es cada vez más reconocido. El raloxifeno es un modulador selectivo de los receptores estrogénicos (SERM), que parece actuar de manera similar a los estrógenos conjugados en los sistemas dopaminérgicos y serotoninérgicos del cerebro, y puede ser una mejor opción terapéutica, ya que no tiene los efectos negativos de los estrógenos sobre el tejido mamario y el tejido uterino. Objetivos: · Evaluar el efecto del raloxifeno como tratamiento adyuvante para los síntomas cognitivos en las mujeres postmenopáusicas con esquizofrenia. · Evaluar la asociación entre la psicopatología y el funcionamiento neuropsicológico, tras el tratamiento. · Conocer el efecto tras la retirada del fármaco y posterior reintroducción Métodos: Artículo 1: Ensayo clínico de 12 semanas, doble ciego, aleatorizado, con grupos paralelos, controlado con placebo. Las pacientes fueron reclutadas de las unidades de hospitalización y consultas externas del Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu y la Corporación Sanitaria Parc Taulí. Treinta y tres mujeres postmenopáusicas con esquizofrenia (DSM-IV-TR) fueron aleatorizadas a recibir raloxifeno (16 mujeres) o placebo (17 mujeres). Las medidas de eficacia son: tests de memoria, tests de atención y de funcionamiento ejecutivo. Se evaluaron al inicio y en la semana 12. Artículo 2: A través de la metodología de caso único se ha explorado cómo podría actuar el raloxifeno sobre síntomas clínicos y funcionamiento neuropsicológico, de una mujer postmenopáusica con esquizofrenia. Se ha realizado un periodo de seguimiento de 12 meses, donde se evaluaba también el efecto de la retirada del fármaco y posterior reintroducción, dado que ningún estudio lo había investigado. En este caso los resultados de eficacia se compararon con valores normalizados de los diferentes tests. Resultados Artículo 1: Los grupos fueron homogéneos en cada una de las variables relevantes al inicio del tratamiento. Las pacientes tratadas con raloxifeno obtuvieron mejores resultados en áreas relacionadas con el funcionamiento ejecutivo y aspectos relacionados con la memoria. Dicha mejora no correlacionó con la mejoría clínica. Artículo 2: Respecto las variables neuropsicológicas se tomaron medidas en el momento basal, a los 6 meses y los 3 meses sin tratamiento. No se tomaron medidas tras la reintroducción del raloxifeno 60 mg. Encontramos una mejora clínicamente relevante a los 6 meses de tratamiento en el parámetro de resistencia a la interferencia del test de Stroop y en el test de velocidad de procesamiento del TMT-A. El resto de parámetros se mantuvieron sin cambios. A los 3 meses de retirar el tratamiento hubo un empeoramiento clínicamente relevante en el test de Stroop (interferencia) y en el test de evocación de palabras, bajando a rendimientos peores que en el nivel basal. El resto de parámetros evaluados se mantuvieron estables. Conclusiones · El raloxifeno parece tener un efecto positivo sobre algunas funciones cognitivas en mujeres postmenopáusicas que padecen esquizofrenia. · Las funciones que mejoran son: áreas de la memoria verbal, la velocidad de procesamiento y algunas funciones ejecutivas, como resistencia a la interferencia y evocación fonética. · No hay asociación clara de que la mejoría de las funciones cognitivas se relacione con la mejoría de los síntomas clínicos. · La retirada del fármaco podría ocasionar de nuevo un empeoramiento de los síntomas cognitivos y clínicosIntroduction Studies of estrogen therapy in postmenopausal women have demonstrated the effect of sex hormones on cognitive function. Estrogens have been shown to be useful in preventing the normal decline in cognitive function, especially that of memory, associated with age. The therapeutic potential of estrogens is increasingly being recognized. Raloxifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that appears to act in a similar way to conjugated estrogens in the dopaminergic and serotoninergic systems of the brain, and it may be a preferable therapeutic option, since it does not have the possible negative effects of estrogens on mammary and uterine tissue. Objectives: • To evaluate the usefulness of raloxifene as an adjuvant treatment for the cognitive symptoms of post-menopausal women with schizophrenia. • To better understand the relationship between psychopathological improvement and cognitive results. • To learn of the effects following withdrawal of the drug and its subsequent reintroduction. Methods: Article 1: Randomized 12-week double-blind clinical trial with parallel groups, controlled with placebo. The patients were recruited from the hospital units and outpatient clinics of the Parc Sant Joan de Déu, and the Corporació Sanitària Parc Taulí,. Thirty-three post-menopausal women with schizophrenia (DSM-IV-TR) were randomized to receive raloxifene (16 women) or placebo (17 women). Efficacy was measured with memory tests, attention tests, and executive functioning tests. Participants were assessed at the outset and at week twelve. Article 2: Based on the single-case methodology we explored how raloxifene might act upon clinical symptoms and neuropsychological functioning in a post-menopausal woman with schizophrenia. With a twelve-month follow-up period it was possible also to evaluate the effect of withdrawal of the drug and its subsequent reintroduction, which no prior study had examined. In this case the results for efficacy were compared with normalized values of different tests. Results Article 1: The groups were homogeneous in each of the relevant variables at the outset of treatment. The addition of raloxifene to regular antipsychotic treatment showed: We found significant differences in any aspects of memory and executive function. Patients treated with raloxifene do better in areas related to executive functioning and memory aspects. This improvement does not correlate with clinical improvement. Article 2: Regarding the neuropsychological variables, measurement was carried out at baseline, 6 months, and 3 months without treatment. We do not have measurements following the reintroduction of raloxifene 60 mg. We found clinically relevant improvement at 6 months of treatment in the parameter of resistance to interference in the Stroop test, and in the test of processing speed of the TMT-A. The other parameters showed no change. At 3 months following withdrawal of treatment there was a clinically relevant worsening on the Stroop test (interference) and on the word eliciting test, with performance dipping below baseline levels. The other parameters remained stable. Conclusions • Raloxifene seems to have a positive effect on some cognitive functions in post-menopausal women suffering schizophrenia. • The functions that improved seem to be those related to verbal memory, processing speed, and executive functions such as resistance to interference and phonetic fluency. • There was no clear correlation between improvement in cognitive function and improvement in clinical symptoms. • Following the withdrawal of the medication, there may be a worsening of cognitive and clinical symptoms

Heterogeneity in response to MCT and psychoeducation: a feasibility study using latent class mixed models in first-episode psychosis

Metacognitive training (MCT) is an effective treatment for psychosis. Longitudinal trajectories of treatment response are unknown but could point to strategies to maximize treatment efficacy during the first episodes. This work aims to explore the possible benefit of using latent class mixed models (LCMMs) to understand how treatment response differs between metacognitive training and psychoeducation. We conducted LCMMs in 28 patients that received MCT and 34 patients that received psychoeducation. We found that MCT is effective in improving cognitive insight in all patients but that these effects wane at follow-up. In contrast, psychoeducation does not improve cognitive insight, and may increase self-certainty in a group of patients. These results suggest that LCMMs are valuable tools that can aid in treatment prescription and in predicting response to specific treatments.Daniel Fernández has been supported by grant 2017 SGR 622 (GRBIO) administrated by the Departament d’Economia i Coneixement de la Generalitat de Catalunya (Spain) and by the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spain) [PID2019-104830RB-I00/ DOI (AEI): 10.13039/501100011033]; and CIBER, Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Ministerio de Ciencia e InnovaciónPostprint (published version

Lombricomposta para recuperar la fertilidad de suelo franco arenoso y el rendimiento de cacahuate (Arachis hypogaea L.)

La producción de cacahuate es una fuente de ingresos económicos importante para Chiapas, ocupando el segundo lugar a nivel nacional como productor. Jiquipilas es uno de los municipios productores del estado, pero su rendimiento ha disminuido en los últimos cuatro años (de 2.4 a 1.45 Mg ha-1) debido al manejo intensivo del cultivo, propiciando el deterioro paulatino de las propiedades físicas, químicas y biológicas de los suelos (pérdida de fertilidad) franco arenosos en que se cultiva. Así, el manejo de los suelos se ha convertido en una necesidad de subsistencia, por lo que el propósito de esta investigación fue evaluar el efecto de la incorporación de lombricomposta en el mejoramiento de las propiedades del suelo y el rendimiento del cacahuate (Arachis hypogaea L.), bajo condiciones de campo en la comunidad de José María Pino Suárez, municipio de Jiquipilas. El estudio se realizó en un solo ciclo (2016) en una parcela tradicionalmente sembrada con cacahuate. La lombricomposta se elaboró con residuos agrícolas de la región (estiércol, rastrojo de maíz y cacahuate). Se experimentó con cuatro diferentes dosis de lombricomposta (300, 225, 150 y 75 g), las cuales se complementaron con manejo agroecológico (sin insumos químicos e incorporación del deshierbe manual entre surcos como cobertura muerta); como tratamientos control se consideraron suelo con manejo intensivo (aplicación de fertilizantes, insecticidas, herbicidas sintéticos) y suelo con manejo agroecológico. La adición de lombricomposta al suelo tuvo efecto en las propiedades físicas (capacidad de campo, densidad real y en los espacios porosos); en cuanto a las propiedades químicas hubo resultados positivos en la disponibilidad de fósforo, potasio, hierro y manganeso, así como en el pH. También se obtuvieron mayores emisiones de CO2 por la actividad microbiana. La emergencia de plantas y su floración se dieron en menor tiempo con lombricomposta. Aunque se mostró una clara tendencia en el rendimiento del cultivo con la adición de lombricomposta, no se presentaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas

A Method to Compare the Delivery of Psychiatric Care for People with Treatment-Resistant Schizophrenia

Abstract Introduction: Community services are gaining ground when it comes to attention to patients with psychiatric diseases. Regarding patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS), the use of information and communication technology (ICT) could help to shift the focus from hospital-centered attention to community services. This study compares the differences in mental health services provided for patients with TRS in Budapest (Hungary), Tel-Aviv (Israel) and Catalonia (Spain) by means of a method for the quick appraisal of gaps among the three places, for a potential implementation of the same ICT tool in these regions. Methods: An adapted version of the Description and Standardised Evaluation of Services and Directories in Europe for Long Term Care (DESDE-LTC) instrument was made by researchers in Semmelweis University (Budapest, Hungary), Gertner Institute (Tel-Aviv, Israel) and Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau and Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu (Catalonia, Spain). Results: Two types of outpatient care services were available in the three regions. Only one type of day-care facility was common in the whole study area. Two residential care services, one for acute and the other for non-acute patients were available in every region. Finally, two self-care and volunteer-care facilities were available in the three places. Conclusion: Although the availability of services was different in each region, most of the services provided were sufficiently similar to allow the implementation of the same ICT solution in the three places.The m-RESIST Group is composed of: Francisco Alcalde Enrico d’Amico Caritat Almazán Anna Alonso-Solís Jesús Berdún István Bitter Walter Baccinelli Chiara Bonizzi María Bulgheroni Johanna Caro Mendivelso Asaf Caspi Tanguy Coenen Anat Cohen Xavier Constant Iluminada Corripio Marisol Escobar Kinga Farkas Kata Fazekas Yoram Feldman Emmanuel Gimenez Shenja van der Graaf Eva Grasa Levente Herman Margarita Hospedales Elena Huerta-Ramos Matti Isohanni Erika Jääskeläinen Charlotte Jewel Teija Juola Timo Jämsä Rachelle Kaye Panagiotis Kokkinakis Hannu J. Koponen Silvia Marcó Gregoris Mentzas Jouko Miettunen Jani Moilanen Susana Ochoa Ilias Papas Fotis Paraskevopoulos Elisabeth Reixach Alexandra Roldán Katya Rubinstein Elena Rubio-Abadal Garifalia Sebú Annika Seppälä Jussi Seppälä Valentina Simonetti Matthias Stevens Vittorio Tauro Anna Triantafillou Zsolt Szabolcs Unoka Judith Usall Vincenzo Vella David Vermeir Ilaria de Vit

Predictors of outcome in a Spanish cohort of patients with Fabry disease on enzyme replacement therapy

Fabry disease may be treated by enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), but the impact of chronic kidney disease (CKD) on the response to therapy remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to analyse the incidence and predictors of clinical events in patients on ERT. Study design: Multicentre retrospective observational analysis of patients diagnosed and treated with ERT for Fabry disease. The primary outcome was the first renal, neurological or cardiological events or death during a follow-up of 60 months (24-120). Results: In 69 patients (42 males, 27 females, mean age 44.6±13.7 years), at the end of follow-up, eGFR and the left ventricular septum thickness remained stable and the urinary albumin: creatinine ratio tended to decrease, but this decrease only approached significance in patients on agalsidase-beta (242-128mg/g (p=0.05). At the end of follow-up, 21 (30%) patients had suffered an incident clinical event: 6 renal, 2 neurological and 13 cardiological (including 3 deaths). Events were more frequent in patients with baseline eGFR≤60ml/min/1.73m2 (log Rank 12.423, p=0.001), and this remained significant even after excluding incident renal events (log Rank 4.086, p=0.043) and in males and in females. Lower baseline eGFR was associated with a 3- to 7-fold increase the risk of clinical events in different Cox models. Conclusions: GFR at the initiation of ERT is the main predictor of clinical events, both in males and in females, suggesting that start of ERT prior to the development of CKD is associated with better outcomes

Heterogeneity in Response to MCT and Psychoeducation : A Feasibility Study Using Latent Class Mixed Models in First-Episode Psychosis

Metacognitive training (MCT) is an effective treatment for psychosis. Longitudinal trajectories of treatment response are unknown but could point to strategies to maximize treatment efficacy during the first episodes. This work aims to explore the possible benefit of using latent class mixed models (LCMMs) to understand how treatment response differs between metacognitive training and psychoeducation. We conducted LCMMs in 28 patients that received MCT and 34 patients that received psychoeducation. We found that MCT is effective in improving cognitive insight in all patients but that these effects wane at follow-up. In contrast, psychoeducation does not improve cognitive insight, and may increase self-certainty in a group of patients. These results suggest that LCMMs are valuable tools that can aid in treatment prescription and in predicting response to specific treatments

Prognostic implications of comorbidity patterns in critically ill COVID-19 patients: A multicenter, observational study

Background The clinical heterogeneity of COVID-19 suggests the existence of different phenotypes with prognostic implications. We aimed to analyze comorbidity patterns in critically ill COVID-19 patients and assess their impact on in-hospital outcomes, response to treatment and sequelae. Methods Multicenter prospective/retrospective observational study in intensive care units of 55 Spanish hospitals. 5866 PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients had comorbidities recorded at hospital admission; clinical and biological parameters, in-hospital procedures and complications throughout the stay; and, clinical complications, persistent symptoms and sequelae at 3 and 6 months. Findings Latent class analysis identified 3 phenotypes using training and test subcohorts: low-morbidity (n=3385; 58%), younger and with few comorbidities; high-morbidity (n=2074; 35%), with high comorbid burden; and renal-morbidity (n=407; 7%), with chronic kidney disease (CKD), high comorbidity burden and the worst oxygenation profile. Renal-morbidity and high-morbidity had more in-hospital complications and higher mortality risk than low-morbidity (adjusted HR (95% CI): 1.57 (1.34-1.84) and 1.16 (1.05-1.28), respectively). Corticosteroids, but not tocilizumab, were associated with lower mortality risk (HR (95% CI) 0.76 (0.63-0.93)), especially in renal-morbidity and high-morbidity. Renal-morbidity and high-morbidity showed the worst lung function throughout the follow-up, with renal-morbidity having the highest risk of infectious complications (6%), emergency visits (29%) or hospital readmissions (14%) at 6 months (p<0.01). Interpretation Comorbidity-based phenotypes were identified and associated with different expression of in-hospital complications, mortality, treatment response, and sequelae, with CKD playing a major role. This could help clinicians in day-to-day decision making including the management of post-discharge COVID-19 sequelae. Copyright (C) 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd

5to. Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad. Memoria académica

El V Congreso Internacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación para la Sociedad, CITIS 2019, realizado del 6 al 8 de febrero de 2019 y organizado por la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, ofreció a la comunidad académica nacional e internacional una plataforma de comunicación unificada, dirigida a cubrir los problemas teóricos y prácticos de mayor impacto en la sociedad moderna desde la ingeniería. En esta edición, dedicada a los 25 años de vida de la UPS, los ejes temáticos estuvieron relacionados con la aplicación de la ciencia, el desarrollo tecnológico y la innovación en cinco pilares fundamentales de nuestra sociedad: la industria, la movilidad, la sostenibilidad ambiental, la información y las telecomunicaciones. El comité científico estuvo conformado formado por 48 investigadores procedentes de diez países: España, Reino Unido, Italia, Bélgica, México, Venezuela, Colombia, Brasil, Estados Unidos y Ecuador. Fueron recibidas un centenar de contribuciones, de las cuales 39 fueron aprobadas en forma de ponencias y 15 en formato poster. Estas contribuciones fueron presentadas de forma oral ante toda la comunidad académica que se dio cita en el Congreso, quienes desde el aula magna, el auditorio y la sala de usos múltiples de la Universidad Politécnica Salesiana, cumplieron respetuosamente la responsabilidad de representar a toda la sociedad en la revisión, aceptación y validación del conocimiento nuevo que fue presentado en cada exposición por los investigadores. Paralelo a las sesiones técnicas, el Congreso contó con espacios de presentación de posters científicos y cinco workshops en temáticas de vanguardia que cautivaron la atención de nuestros docentes y estudiantes. También en el marco del evento se impartieron un total de ocho conferencias magistrales en temas tan actuales como la gestión del conocimiento en la universidad-ecosistema, los retos y oportunidades de la industria 4.0, los avances de la investigación básica y aplicada en mecatrónica para el estudio de robots de nueva generación, la optimización en ingeniería con técnicas multi-objetivo, el desarrollo de las redes avanzadas en Latinoamérica y los mundos, la contaminación del aire debido al tránsito vehicular, el radón y los riesgos que representa este gas radiactivo para la salud humana, entre otros

Validation of a histologic scoring index for C3 glomerulopathy

12 p.-4 fig.-4 tab.Rationale & objective: A previous study that evaluated associations of kidney biopsy findings with disease progression in patients with C3 glomerulopathy (C3G) proposed a prognostic histologic index (C3G-HI) that has not yet been validated. Our objective was to validate the performance of the C3G-HI in a new patient population.Study design: Multicenter, retrospective cohort study.Setting & participants: 111 patients fulfilling diagnostic criteria of C3G between January 1995 and December 2019, from 33 nephrology departments belonging to the Spanish Group for the Study of Glomerular Diseases (GLOSEN).Predictors: Demographic, clinical parameters, C3G-HI total activity score, and the C3G-HI total chronicity score.Outcome: Time to kidney failure.Analytical approach: Intraclass correlation coefficients and κ statistic were used to summarize inter-rater reproducibility for assessment of histopathology in kidney biopsies. The nonlinear relationships of risk of kidney failure with the total activity score and total chronicity score were modeled using Cox proportional hazards analysis that incorporated cubic splines.Results: The study group included 93 patients with C3 glomerulonephritis and 18 with dense-deposit disease. Participants had an overall meanage of 35±22 (SD) years. Forty-eight patients (43%) developed kidney failure after a mean follow-up of 65±27 months. The overall inter-rater reproducibility was very good for the total activity score (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]=0.63) and excellent for total chronicity score (ICC=0.89). Baseline estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), 24-hour proteinuria, and treatment with immunosuppression were the main determinants of kidney failure in a model with only clinical variables. Only tubular atrophy and interstitial fibrosis were identified as predictors in a model with histological variables. When the total activity score and total chronicity score were added to the model, only the latter was identified as an independent predictor of kidney failure.Limitations: Only a subset of the kidney biopsies was centrally reviewed. Residual confounding.Conclusions: We validated the performance of C3G-HI as a predictor of kidney failure in patients with C3G. The total chronicity score was the principal histologic correlate of kidney failure.Work in this study was supported by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III /Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (ISCIII/FEDER) grant PI16/01685 and Red de Investigación Renal (RedInRen) (RD12/0021/0029) (to MP), the Autonomous Region of Madrid (S2017/BMD-3673) (to MP); EGdeJ is supported by the Spanish “Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades" (RYC-2013-13395 and RTI2018-095955-B-100).Peer reviewe