Influencing factor analysis and displacement prediction in reservoir landslides − a case study of Three Gorges Reservoir (China)

Potrebno je učinkovito predviđati kako će se vremenski odvijati kumulativni pomaci povezani s klizištima akumulacija. Međutim, tradicionalne metode ne obuhvaćaju dinamički uspostavljene odnose između deformacije klizišta i faktora koji na to utječu. Dakle, uveden je novi pristup na temelju eksponencijalnog izglađivanja (EI) i multivarijatnih metoda ekstremno učećeg stroja kako bi se otkrili čimbenici od utjecaja na deformacije klizišta i predvidjele vrijednosti pomaka klizišta. Prvo su analizirani faktori koji utječu na deformacije klizišta akumulacije. Zatim je EI postupak rabljen za predviđanje trajanja trenda pomaka i dobivanje trajanja periodičnog pomaka određivanjem trajanja trenda iz kumulativnog pomaka. Dalje, analizirani su multivarijatni utjecajni faktori kako bi objasnili trajanje periodičnog pomaka. Nakon toga, postavljen je model ekstremno učećeg stroja kako bi se predvidjelo trajanje periodičnog pomaka na temelju multivarijatne analize utjecajnih čimbenika. Konačno, dobivene su vrijednosti predviđanja kumulativnog pomaka dodavanjem vrijednosti predviđanja trenda i periodičnog pomaka. Bazimen i Baishuihe klizišta u području Three Gorges Reservoir odabrana su kao studije slučaja. Predloženi model EI-multivarijatnog ekstremno učećeg stroja (ES-MELM) uspoređen je s modelom EI-univarijantnog ekstremno učećeg stroja (ES-ELM). Rezultati pokazuju da je deformacija klizišta akumulacije uglavnom pod utjecajem periodičnih oscilacija razine vode akumulacije i obilnih kiša. Osim toga, predloženi model pridonosi točnijem predviđanju od ES-ELM modela.The developmental tendencies of cumulative displacement time series associated with reservoir landslides influenced by large water reservoirs must be effectively predicted. However, traditional methods do not encompass the dynamic response relationships between landslide deformation and its influencing factors. Therefore, a new approach based on the exponential smoothing (ES) and multivariate extreme learning machine methods was introduced to reveal the influencing factors of landslide deformation and to forecast landslide displacement values. First, the influencing factors of reservoir landslide deformation were analysed. Second, the ES method was used to predict the trend term displacement and obtain the periodic term displacement by determining the trend term from the cumulative displacement. Next, multivariate influencing factors were analysed to explain the periodic term displacement. Then, an extreme learning machine (ELM) model was established to predict the periodic term displacement based on the multivariable analysis of influencing factors. Finally, cumulative displacement prediction values were obtained by adding the trend and periodic displacement prediction values. The Bazimen and Baishuihe landslides in Three Gorges Reservoir Area (TGRA) were selected as case studies. The proposed ES-multivariate ELM (ES-MELM) model was compared to the ES-univariate ELM (ES-ELM) model. The results show that reservoir landslide deformation is mainly influenced by periodic reservoir water level fluctuations and heavy rainfall. Additionally, the proposed model yields more accurate predictions than the ES-ELM model

Dissipation Theory-Based Ecological Protection and Restoration Scheme Construction for Reclamation Projects and Adjacent Marine Ecosystems.

According to the 2017 results of the Special Inspector of Sea Reclamation, a substantial number of idle reclamation zones existed in 11 provinces (cities) along the coast of China. To improve the protection level of coastal wetlands and strictly control reclamation activities, it is necessary to carry out ecological restoration of reclamation projects and adjacent marine ecosystems. The characteristics of Guanghai Bay and its reclamation project are typical in China’s coastal areas, making it an optimal representative site for this study. The dissipative structure and entropy theory was used to analyze ecological problems and environmental threats. The analytic hierarchy process was applied to determine the order of the negative entropy flow importance. The entropy increase and decrease mechanism was used to determine an ecological protection and restoration scheme for the reclamation, including the reclamation of wetland resource restoration, shoreline landscape restoration, environmental pollution control, and marine biological resource restoration. Finally, based on system logic, a typical ecological restoration system was constructed east of Guanghai Bay, with the mangrove wetland area as the model in the north and the artificial sandbeach recreation area as the focus in the south

Electrochemiluminescent Detection of Hydrogen Peroxide via Some Luminol Imide Derivatives with Different Substituent Groups

Some luminol imide derivatives with different substituent groups have been designed and synthesized. Their electrochemiluminescence properties have been measured with a view to developing new biosensors. The ECL response to hydrogen peroxide in the presence of these luminescent derivatives has been investigated taking into account crucial factors such as the applied potential value, injection volume of hydrogen peroxide, and the substituent groups in molecular structures. The experimental data demonstrated that the substituent groups in these imide derivatives can have a profound effect upon the ECL abilities of these studied compounds. The present research work affords new and useful exploration for the design and development of new soft matter for ECL biosensors with luminol functional groups

Endoplasmic Reticulum Aminopeptidase 1 Is Involved in Anti-viral Immune Response of Hepatitis B Virus by Trimming Hepatitis B Core Antigen to Generate 9-Mers Peptides

Endoplasmic reticulum aminopeptidase 1 (ERAP1) is a processing enzyme of antigenic peptides presented to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules. ERAP1-dependent trimming of epitope repertoire determines an efficacy of adoptive CD8+ T-cell responses in several viral diseases; however, its role in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains unknown. Here, we show that the serum level of ERAP1 in patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) (n = 128) was significantly higher than that of healthy controls (n = 44) (8.78 ± 1.82 vs. 3.52 ± 1.61, p < 0.001). Furthermore, peripheral ERAP1 level is moderately correlated with HBV DNA level in patients with CHB (r = 0.731, p < 0.001). HBV-transfected HepG2.2.15 cells had substantially increased ERAP1 expression and secretion than the germline HepG2 cells (p < 0.001). The co-culture of ERAP1-specific inhibitor ERAP1-IN-1 pretreated HepG2.2.15 cells or ERAP1 knockdown HepG2.2.15 cells with CD8+ T cells led to 14–24% inhibition of the proliferation of CD8+ T cells. Finally, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) test demonstrated that ERAP1-IN-1 blocks completely the production of a 9-mers peptide (30–38, LLDTASALY) derived from Hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg). The predictive analysis by NetMHCpan-4.1 server showed that human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-C*04:01 is a strong binder for the 9-mers peptide in HepG2.2.15 cells. Taken together, our results demonstrated that ERAP1 trims HBcAg to produce 9-mers LLDTASALY peptides for binding onto HLA-C*04:01 in HepG2.2.15 cells, facilitating the potential activation of CD8+ T cells

Traditional Chinese medicine residues promote the growth and quality of Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge by improving soil health under continuous monoculture

Continuous monoculture of crops has resulted in reduced yields and quality, as well as soil deterioration. Although traditional Chinese medicine residues (TCMRs) are known to promote plant growth and soil health, few studies have investigated their effectiveness in continuous monoculture soils. Here, we studied the impact of chemical fertilizers (CF) and four TCMRs with antibacterial activities on the growth of S. miltiorrhiza (a widely used medicinal plant in China), accumulation of active ingredients in plants, and soil health under continuous monoculture conditions. Compared with no fertilizer (CK) and CF, fermented Sophora flavescens radix residue (SFRf) and fermented and unfermented Moutan cortex residue (MCRf and MCRu, respectively) resulted in a reduction of the disease index of root rot, while CF did not. The CF and four TCMR treatments increased the accumulation of nitrogen (N) (42.8-124.6% and 17.0-101.7%), phosphorous (P) (19.8-74.7% and 8.3-27.4%), and potassium (K) (104.1-212.0% and 9.3-51.8%) in shoots and roots compared to CK. The differences in nutrient accumulation between the CF and TCMR treatments were statistically insignificant, excepted for the N accumulation in the roots. All fertilization treatments increased plant biomass compared to CK, with increases of 25.57-89.86% and 2.62-35.28% in shoots and roots, respectively. The SFRf treatment exhibited the most significant enhancement in both shoot and root biomass. CF significantly reduced the accumulation of seven active ingredients in roots by 23.90-78.95% compared to CK, whereas each TCMR increased accumulation of certain active ingredients. The TCMR treatments effectively improved the health of deteriorated soil by enhancing soil physicochemical properties, restoring the balance of the microbial community, recruiting beneficial bacteria, and reducing the relative abundance of the pathogen Fusarium. The SFRf treatment exhibited superior performance in improving soil health than other treatments. Overall, the TCMRs outperformed CF in restoring soil health and promoting the yield and quality of S. miltiorrhiza. These findings offer guidance for improving the health of continuous cropping soil and recycling TCMRs

Climate change : strategies for mitigation and adaptation

The sustainability of life on Earth is under increasing threat due to humaninduced climate change. This perilous change in the Earth's climate is caused by increases in carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, primarily due to emissions associated with burning fossil fuels. Over the next two to three decades, the effects of climate change, such as heatwaves, wildfires, droughts, storms, and floods, are expected to worsen, posing greater risks to human health and global stability. These trends call for the implementation of mitigation and adaptation strategies. Pollution and environmental degradation exacerbate existing problems and make people and nature more susceptible to the effects of climate change. In this review, we examine the current state of global climate change from different perspectives. We summarize evidence of climate change in Earth’s spheres, discuss emission pathways and drivers of climate change, and analyze the impact of climate change on environmental and human health. We also explore strategies for climate change mitigation and adaptation and highlight key challenges for reversing and adapting to global climate change

Coordination of Marine Functional Zoning Revision at the Provincial and Municipal Levels: A Case Study of Putian, China

Marine functional zoning (MFZ) is a type of marine spatial planning (MSP) implemented widely in China and one of the three major systems defined in the Law of the PRC on the Administration of Sea Area Use. China adopts “top-down management” for MFZ, in which upper management levels impose clear constraints and restrictions on lower levels. However, this approach has led to issues, such as a rigid MFZ classification system and unreasonable re-allocation of control indicators in the process of assigning MFZ classification at different levels. In this study, we propose and demonstrate the coordination of MFZ revision in terms of the classification system and the re-allocation of control indicators in the coastal city of Putian, China. The results show that the proposed measures could help realize the effective and reasonable coordination of MFZ revisions at the provincial and municipal levels, providing a reference for such MFZ revisions in other regions of China and the coordination of MSP between different levels in other countries

Measuring Land Change in Coastal Zone around a Rapidly Urbanized Bay

Urban development is a major cause for eco-degradation in many coastal regions. Understanding urbanization dynamics and underlying driving factors is crucial for urban planning and management. Land-use dynamic degree indices and intensity analysis were used to measure land changes occurred in 1990, 2002, 2009, and 2017 in the coastal zone around Quanzhou bay, which is a rapidly urbanized bay in Southeast China. The comprehensive land-use dynamic degree and interval level intensity analysis both revealed that land change was accelerating across the three time intervals in a three-kilometer-wide zone along the coastal line (zone A), while land change was fastest during the second time interval 2002–2009 in a separate terrestrial area within coastal zone (zone B). Driven by urbanization, built-up gains and cropland losses were active for all time intervals in both zones. Mudflat losses were active except in the first time interval in zone A due to the intensive sea reclamation. The gain of mangrove was active while the loss of mangrove is dormant for all three intervals in zone A. Transition level analysis further revealed the similarities and differences in processes within patterns of land changes for both zones. The transition from cropland to built-up was systematically targeted and stationary while the transition from woodland to built-up was systematically avoiding transition in both zones. Built-up tended to target aquaculture for the second and third time intervals in zone A but avoid Aquaculture for all intervals in zone B. Land change in zone A was more significant than that in zone B during the second and third time intervals at three-level intensity. The application of intensity analysis can enhance our understanding of the patterns and processes in land changes and suitable land development plans in the Quanzhou bay area. This type of investigation is useful to provide information for developing sound land use policy to achieve urban sustainability in similar coastal areas