Caracterización de la brisa de mar en el balneario de Monte Hermoso, Argentina

Sea breezes are local meteorological phenomena with an annual influence over the coast, however few studies have been performed on the argentine coast. The objective of this investigation is to characterize and establish the frequency of sea breezes in Monte Hermoso coastal city, located in the Southwest of Buenos Aires Province (61º 15’ 55’’ W, 38º 59’ 33’’ S). The study period was from December of 2007 to July of 2010. The methodology of Zubillaga and Piccolo (1977/78a) and García and Piccolo (2004) was used to identify the occurrence of the sea breeze. Meteorological data obtained from a meteorological station located on the coastal city was used. Synoptical maps and satellite images were also used in the study. 40 days with sea breezes were identified. Their major frequency was in summer. July did not present any event. Their predominant direction was from ESE and SE and the average duration were two hours and a half. The average velocity was 4.5 m s-1.[es] Las brisas marinas son fenómenos meteorológicos a escala local que ejercen su influencia sobre la costa durante todo el año, sin embargo son escasos los trabajos realizados en la costa argentina. El objetivo de la presente investigación es caracterizar y determinar la ocurrencia de las brisas de mar en Monte Hermoso, balneario ubicado en el suroeste de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (61º15’55’’W, 38º59’33’’S). El periodo analizado abarca desde diciembre de 2007 a julio de 2010. Se aplicó la metodología propuesta por Zubillaga y Piccolo (1977/78a) y García y Piccolo (2004) para la identificación de la brisa marina. Se analizaron datos meteorológicos de temperatura, humedad y viento obtenidos de la estación ubicada en el balneario. Se complementó el estudio con el análisis de mapas sinópticos e imágenes satelitales. Se identificaron 40 días con brisas de mar cuya mayor frecuencia se evidenció durante el verano con 18 casos. El mes de julio no presentó brisas durante el periodo analizado. Las brisas marinas predominaron del sector ESE y SE. Su duración promedio fue de dos horas y media. La velocidad media de las brisas marinas fue 4.5 m s-1. [fr] Les brises marines sont phénomènes météorologiques à l’échelle locale qu’ils exercent son influence sur la côte pendant toute l’année, cependant ils sont peu abondants, les travaux réalisés sur la côte argentine. L’objectif de la recherche présente est de caractériser et de déterminer la circonstance des brises de mer dans Monte Hermoso, la station balnéaire placée dans le sud-ouest de la Province du Buenos Aires (61º15‘55“W, 38º59‘3”S). La période analysée comprend du décembre 2007 à un juillet 2010. Elle s’est appliquée, la méthodologie proposée par Zubillaga et Piccolo (1977/78a) et García et Piccolo (2004) pour l’identification de la brise marine. On a analysé des données météorologiques de température, d’humidité et de vent obtenues de la station placée dans la station balnéaire. L’étude s’est complétée avec l’analyse de cartes synoptiques et d’images satelitales. Ils se sont identifiés 40 jours aux brises de mer dont la plus grande fréquence a été manifeste durant l’été avec 18 cas. Un juillet il n’a pas présenté de brises durant la période analysée. Les brises marines ont prédominé du secteur c’et. Sa durée milieu a été de deux heures et demie. La vitesse moyenne des brises marines a été 4.5 m s-1

Engaging stakeholders across a socio-environmentally diverse network of water research sites in North and South America

Maintaining and restoring freshwater ecosystem services in the face of local and global change requires adaptive research that effectively engages stakeholders. However, there is a lack of understanding and consensus in the research community regarding where, when, and which stakeholders should be engaged and what kind of researcher should do the engaging (e.g., physical, ecological, or social scientists). This paper explores stakeholder engagement across a developing network of aquatic research sites in North and South America with wide ranging cultural norms, social values, resource management paradigms, and eco-physical conditions. With seven sites in six countries, we found different degrees of engagement were explained by differences in the interests of the stakeholders given the history and perceived urgency of water resource problems as well as differences in the capacities of the site teams to effectively engage given their expertise and resources. We categorized engagement activities and applied Hurlbert and Gupta's split ladder of participation to better understand site differences and distill lessons learned for planning comparative socio-hydrological research and systematic evaluations of the effectiveness of stakeholder engagement approaches. We recommend research networks practice deliberate engagement of stakeholders that adaptively accounts for variations and changes in local socio-hydrologic conditions. This, in turn, requires further efforts to foster the development of well-integrated research teams that attract and retain researchers from multiple social science disciplines and enable training on effective engagement strategies for diverse conditions

Can scenario-planning support community-based natural resource management? Experiences from three countries in latin america

Community Based Natural Resource Management (CBNRM) is a concept critical to managing socio-ecological systems, but whose implementation needs strengthening. Scenario-planning is one approach that may offer benefits relevant to CBNRM, but whose potential is not yet well understood. We therefore designed, trialled and evaluated a scenario-planning method intended to support CBNRM at three cases, located in Colombia, Mexico and Argentina. Implementing scenario-planning was judged as worthwhile in all three cases, although aspects of it could be challenging to facilitate. The benefits generated were relevant to strengthening CBNRM: encouraging the participation of local people and using their knowledge; enhanced consideration and adaption of future change; and supporting the development of systems thinking. Tracing exactly when and how these benefits arise is challenging, but two elements of the method seemed particularly useful. Firstly, using a systematic approach to discuss how drivers of change may affect local socio-ecological systems helped to foster systems thinking and identify connections between issues. Secondly, explicitly focusing on how to use and respond to scenarios helped identify specific practical activities ('response options') that would support CBNRM despite the pressures of future change. Discussions about response options also highlighted the need for support by other actors (e.g. policy groups): this raises the question of when and how other actors and other sources of knowledge should be involved in scenario-planning, so as to encourage their buy-in to actions identified by the process. We suggest other CBNRM initiatives may benefit from adapting and applying scenario-planning. However, these initiatives should be carefully monitored since further research is required to understand how and when scenario-planning methods may produce benefits, and their strengths and weaknesses versus other methods

Methodological strategies for the diagnosis of tourist resources. Case study: Neuquén-Argentina

El estudio del espacio geográfico puede orientarse a identificar recursos naturales y culturales contenidos en un sector determinado. De este modo, al considerarlos, se obtiene un conocimiento del área a fin de utilizar, de modo sustentable, dichos recursos. Una estrategia metodológica para el estudio de los recursos parte de la identificación de unidades de paisaje. A través de ciertas dimensiones se les asigna un valor, valor patrimonial, que se completa con el relevamiento y valoración de los recursos que contienen. Estas unidades permiten un conocimiento acabado del espacio donde el hombre desarrolla sus diferentes actividades y propicia una adecuada organización del territorio, en pos de lograr una mejora de la calidad de vida. El objetivo del presente trabajo es presentar estrategias metodológicas para el diagnóstico de los recursos turísticos naturales y culturales de un área potencialmente turística. En este caso, el área de estudio comprende un sector del norte neuquino, [email protected]@uns.edu.arsemestralThe study of the geographical space could be focused on the identification of natural and cultural resources in a specific area. In this way, when considering these resources, a better knowledge of the area is obtained in order to use them in a sustainable manner. A methodological strategy, applied to the study of these resources, starts from the identification of landscape units. Through different dimensions a value is assigned to them, a patrimonial value that is completed with exploration and valuation of the resources. These units allow having a complete knowledge of the space where human beings develop their activities. Also, an organization of the territory is possible, which allows achieving an improvement in life quality. The objective of this work is to present methodological strategies for the diagnosis of natural and cultural tourist resources in a potentially tourist area. In this case, the study area includes a sector of northern Neuquén Province

A combined DPSIR and SAF approach for the adaptive management of beach erosion in Monte Hermoso and Pehuen Co (Argentina)

Coastal areas experience multiple pressures from anthropogenic activities that negatively change the ecological and environmental status of beaches and impact human welfare. The focus of this paper is coastal erosion, an issue that is very relevant for Argentina, the second largest nation in Latin America with an extensive coastline of nearly 5000 km. Coastal erosion decreases the attractiveness of coastal areas for tourism development, leading to considerable economic impacts. In this paper, two complementary approaches, the Driver-Pressure-State-Impact-Response (DPSIR) and the Systems Approach Framework (SAF), were used to analyse two beach resorts in Argentina: Monte Hermoso and Pehuen Co. Application of the SAF included stakeholder mapping, governance (institutional) mapping and issue identification. During the participatory meetings with stakeholders and decision makers, the problem of coastal erosion was identified as the most important in the region. The joint approach of DPSIR and SAF contributed to: (i) the determination and description of the economic drivers of coastal erosion; (ii) the identification of the associated activities and pressures; (iii) the assessment of the ecological and environmental state of coastal areas; (iv) the assessment of impacts of environmental changes on human wellbeing; and finally (v) a proposal of the possible management responses for mitigating the coastal erosion problem and the sustainable development of the region to the responsible authorities. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.EC 7FP Grant [282845, 308392]ERASMUS MUNDUS programme EMJD MACOM

Characterization of an artisanal fishery in Argentina using the social-ecological systems framework

Institutional Analysis and Development (IAD) studies how institutions (the rules of the game of a society) determine the performance of a social-economic system. Elinor Ostrom extends the institutional analysis to the collective action for a particular case, the study of the social-ecological systems (SESs). Any group that attempts to manage a common resource (e.g. aquifers, pastures) for optimal sustainable production must solve a set of problems in order to create institutions to facilitate collective action. Some evidences show that following a set of design principles in creating institutions can lead to overcome these problems. The aim of the paper is to apply the SES framework to an artisanal fishery community in Argentina in order to: 1) describe the principal features, key variables and relations of the small-scale fishery system; 2) detect the principal drivers of a potential common-management and the leading detractors from the current communal performance; and 3) analyze the possibility that a self-governing for sustainable fishery may appear. Several drivers for potential common-management and some detractors from the current common performance are summarized. Artisanal fishery SES is currently at a bifurcation point. A common historical and cultural root, the presence of leaderships, the relevance of local knowledge, the dependence on the resource to sustainable livelihoods and the threat of big-scale fisheries area have generated incentives to collective-action. But, simultaneously, internal conflicts are the most important barrier for an integrated community-based management. The heterogeneity among actors and the relevant external conditions have resulted in two groups diverging in their self-organization. The work is framed by the project COMET-LA (COmmunity-based Management of Environmental challenges in Latin America; European Commission’s Seventh Framework Programme of Research and Development), which aims to identify sustainable community-based governance for the management of natural resources that can be used in different social-ecological systems in a context of climate change and increasing competition in the use of resources