Reference Matters: Benchmarking Factual Error Correction for Dialogue Summarization with Fine-grained Evaluation Framework

Factuality is important to dialogue summarization. Factual error correction (FEC) of model-generated summaries is one way to improve factuality. Current FEC evaluation that relies on factuality metrics is not reliable and detailed enough. To address this problem, we are the first to manually annotate a FEC dataset for dialogue summarization containing 4000 items and propose FERRANTI, a fine-grained evaluation framework based on reference correction that automatically evaluates the performance of FEC models on different error categories. Using this evaluation framework, we conduct sufficient experiments with FEC approaches under a variety of settings and find the best training modes and significant differences in the performance of the existing approaches on different factual error categories.Comment: Accepted to ACL 2023 Main Conferenc

Relação entre design e propriedade intelectual em Portugal : incidência na perspectiva e prática profissional do designer

Em Portugal, existem duas entidades públicas responsáveis pela regulação e estabelecimento da protecção da Propriedade Intelectual: a Inspecção Geral das Actividades Culturais (IGAC) referente ao Direito de Autor e o Instituto Nacional de Propriedade Industrial (INPI), destinado à Propriedade Industrial. Por existir um verdadeiro desconhecimento por parte dos designers sobre o tema, o objectivo central do presente artigo, consiste na apresentação dos resultados obtidos com o Inquérito realizado em 2011, junto de designers activos em Portugal e de forma a identificar quais os reais problemas vivenciados pelos profissionais portugueses quanto à protecção de criações de design e de que forma a obra de design é definida e caracterizada do ponto de vista de quem a projecta e cria. Por se terem obtido respostas díspares no que concerne aos domínios de definição das suas criações e delineamento de fronteiras entre as outras áreas, os resultados proporcionam orientações para futuras pesquisas teóricas e práticas.ABSTRACT : In Portugal, there are two public entities responsible for regulating and establishing the protection of Intellectual Property: the General Inspection of Cultural Activities, relating to Copyright and the National Institute of Industrial Property, for industrial property. For existing a lack of knowledge about this subject from the designers’ part, the central aim of this article is to present the results of the survey conducted in 2011, with active designers in Portugal. With this results it was identified the real problems experienced by portuguese designers as for the protection of design creation and how the design work is defined and characterized from the viewpoint of who creates it. By having obtained dissimilar responses regarding the domains of definition of their creations and delineation of boundaries between other areas, the results provide guidance for future theoretical and practical researches.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Tetra­aqua­{1-[(1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)meth­yl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole}sulfato­zinc(II) dihydrate

In the title complex, [Zn(SO4)(C9H8N6)(H2O)4]·2H2O, the ZnII ion is six-coordinated by one N atom from a 1-[(1H-1,2,3-benzotriazol-1-yl)meth­yl]-1H-1,2,4-triazole ligand and five O atoms from one monodentate sulfate anion and four water mol­ecules in a distorted octa­hedral geometry. The sulfate tetra­hedron is rotationally disordered over two positions in a 0.618 (19):0.382 (19) ratio. In the crystal, adjacent mol­ecules are linked through O—H⋯O and O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds involving the cation, the anion, and the coordinated and uncoordinated water mol­ecules into a three-dimensional network

Prediction of large esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients using classification and regression tree analysis

OBJECTIVES: Recent guidelines recommend that all cirrhotic patients should undergo endoscopic screening for esophageal varices. That identifying cirrhotic patients with esophageal varices by noninvasive predictors would allow for the restriction of the performance of endoscopy to patients with a high risk of having varices. This study aimed to develop a decision model based on classification and regression tree analysis for the prediction of large esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients. METHODS: 309 cirrhotic patients (training sample, 187 patients; test sample 122 patients) were included. Within the training sample, the classification and regression tree analysis was used to identify predictors and prediction model of large esophageal varices. The prediction model was then further evaluated in the test sample and different Child-Pugh classes. RESULTS: The prevalence of large esophageal varices in cirrhotic patients was 50.8%. A tree model that was consisted of spleen width, portal vein diameter and prothrombin time was developed by classification and regression tree analysis achieved a diagnostic accuracy of 84% for prediction of large esophageal varices. When reconstructed into two groups, the rate of varices was 83.2% for high-risk group and 15.2% for low-risk group. Accuracy of the tree model was maintained in the test sample and different Child-Pugh classes. CONCLUSIONS: A decision tree model that consists of spleen width, portal vein diameter and prothrombin time may be useful for prediction of large esophageal varices in cirrhotic patient

Molecular genetic analysis of phosphomannomutase genes in Triticum monococcum

AbstractIn higher plants, phosphomannomutase (PMM) is essential for synthesizing the antioxidant ascorbic acid through the Smirnoff–Wheeler pathway. Previously, we characterized six PMM genes (TaPMM-A1, A2, B1, B2, D1 and D2) in common wheat (Triticum aestivum, AABBDD). Here, we report a molecular genetic analysis of PMM genes in Triticum monococcum (AmAm), a diploid wheat species whose Am genome is closely related to the A genome of common wheat. Two distinct PMM genes, TmPMM-1 and TmPMM-2, were found in T. monococcum. The coding region of TmPMM-1 was intact and highly conserved. In contrast, two main TmPMM-2 alleles were identified, with TmPMM-2a possessing an intact coding sequence and TmPMM-2b being a pseudogene. The transcript level of TmPMM-2a was much higher than that of TmPMM-2b, and a bacterially expressed TmPMM-2a recombinant protein displayed relatively high PMM activity. In general, the total transcript level of PMM was substantially higher in accessions carrying TmPMM-1 and TmPMM-2a than those harboring TmPMM-1 and TmPMM-2b. However, total PMM protein and activity levels did not differ drastically between the two genotypes. This work provides new information on PMM genes in T. monococcum and expands our understanding on Triticeae PMM genes, which may aid further functional and applied studies of PMM in crop plants

Regulation of shear-induced nuclear translocation of the Nrf2 transcription factor in endothelial cells

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Vascular endothelial cells (ECs) constantly experience fluid shear stresses generated by blood flow. Laminar flow is known to produce atheroprotective effects on ECs. Nrf2 is a transcription factor that is essential for the antioxidant response element (ARE)-mediated induction of genes such as heme-oxygenase 1 (HO-1). We previously showed that fluid shear stress increases intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in ECs. Moreover, oxidants are known to stimulate Nrf2. We thus examined the regulation of Nrf2 in cultured human ECs by shear stress.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Exposure of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to laminar shear stress (12 dyne/cm²) induced Nrf2 nuclear translocation, which was inhibited by a phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, and an antioxidant agent N-acetyl cysteine (NAC), but not by other protein kinase inhibitors. Therefore, PI3K, PKC, and ROS are involved in the signaling pathway that leads to the shear-induced nuclear translocation of Nrf2. We also found that shear stress increased the ARE-binding activity of Nrf2 and the downstream expression of HO-1.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our data suggest that the atheroprotective effect of laminar flow is partially attributed to Nrf2 activation which results in ARE-mediated gene transcriptions, such as HO-1 expression, that are beneficial to the cardiovascular system.</p