Amino acid derivatization and analysis in five minutes

AbstractA convenient method permits acid separation by capillary gas chromatography in minutes — the suitable analytic forms are prepared in seconds

Tomáš Zahradníček: Polské poučení z pražského jara. Tři studie z dějin politického myšlení 1968-1981. Praha: Ústav pro soudobé dějiny AV ČR, 2011, 183 s. ISBN: 978-80-7285-134-8.

Knižní recenze / Book review

Kubát, Michal: Demokracie v Polsku – Politický systém Polské republiky (1989-2005)

Knižní recenze / Book review

DNA Methylation Changes as Potential Biomarkers in the Treatment of Bladder Cancer

Souhr Úvod Karcinom močového měchýře je druhou nejčastější malignititou postihující močové cesty. Karcinom močového měchýře lze rozdělit na dvě zakladní kategorie. Až 75 % pacientů je postiženo neivazivní formou (non muscle invasive bladder cancer - NMIBC) postihující pouze sliznici a podslizniční tkáň. Carcinoma in situ (CIS) je velmi specifickou podskupinou NMIBC, jedná se o nepapilární plochou nádorovou lézi, která je snadno přehlednutelná při cystoskopickém vyšetření. CIS je vždy high grade tumor. Až u 54 % pacientů s CIS, pokud nejsou adekvátně léčeni, přechází nádor do invazivní nebo metastatické formy. Druhou skupinou jsou pacienti s invazivním karcinomem močového měchýře (muscle invasive bladder cancer - MIBC). U této skupiny pacientů je výrazně horší prognóza spojena s vyšší nádorově specifickou mortalitou v porovnání s první skupinou. Pacienti s NMIBC jsou indikováni k transuretrální resekci tumoru (TUR), a to samostatně nebo v návaznosti na adjuvatní léčbu. Ta spočívá v intravezikální chemoterapii či Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) intravezikální imunoterapii. BCG je oslabené mykobakterium původně vyvinuté jako vakcinace proti tuberkulóze. Při intravezikální aplikaci této vakcíny byl prokázán protinádorový efekt se signifikantním snížením pravděpodobnosti progrese onemocnění u pacientů s NMIBC...DNA methylation changes as potential biomarkers in the treatment of bladder cancer Introdution Bladder Cancer (BC) is the second most common malignancy of the urinary tract. BC has two categories. Approximately 75 % of patients with BC present with disease confined to the mucosa or submucosa (non muscle invasive bladder tumor - NMIBC). Carcinoma in situ (CIS) is a very specific subgroup of NMIBC, because it is not a papillary lesion but a flat tumor, which is why CIS can be missed in cystoscopy. CIS is always a high grade tumor. Without any treatment, approximately 54% of patients with CIS progressed to muscle- invasive or metastatic disease. The second category covers patients with muscle-invasive BC (MIBC). These patients have a higher prevalence of progression rates and higher cancer- specific mortality. Patients with NMIBC are indicated to transurethral tumor resection (TUR) alone or with adjuvant treatment (intravesical chemotherapy or intravesical Bacillus Calmette- Guérin - BCG immunotherapy). BCG is an attenuated mycobacterium developed as a vaccine for tuberculosis that has demonstrated antitumor activity in BC intravesical instillation, and significantly reduces the progression risk of high grade papillary lesion and CIS. The therapy of MIBC is radical cystectomy - hard mutilating surgery...Katedra chirurgieAcademic Department of SurgeryLékařská fakulta v Hradci KrálovéFaculty of Medicine in Hradec Králov

(R)-2-{2-[(S)-(2′-Benzo­yloxy-1,1′-binaphthyl-2-yl)oxycarbonyl­amino]-3-phenylpropanamido­meth­yl}pyridinium picrate acetone solvate

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C43H34N3O5 +·C6H2N3O7 −·C3H6O, the large dimension and shape of the cation are responsible for the elongation of the ortho­rhom­bic unit cell. The ions and acetone mol­ecules are linked together by a system of hydrogen bonds involving an inter­molecular hydrogen bond between one N atom of the cation and the O atom of acetone and two inter­molecular hydrogen bonds between the cation N atoms and the O atoms of the picrate anion. No intra­molecular hydrogen bonds exist in the structure. The dihedral angle between the two naphthalene ring systems is 76.16 (13)°. The chiral C atom has a known R configuration, but this cannot be confirmed from this X-ray analysis

Long-Term Cold Acclimation Extends Survival Time at 0°C and Modifies the Metabolomic Profiles of the Larvae of the Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster

Drosophila melanogaster is a chill-susceptible insect. Previous studies on this fly focused on acute direct chilling injury during cold shock and showed that lower lethal temperature (LLT, approximately -5°C) exhibits relatively low plasticity and that acclimations, both rapid cold hardening (RCH) and long-term cold acclimation, shift the LLT by only a few degrees at the maximum.We found that long-term cold acclimation considerably improved cold tolerance in fully grown third-instar larvae of D. melanogaster. A comparison of the larvae acclimated at constant 25°C with those acclimated at constant 15°C followed by constant 6°C for 2 d (15°C→6°C) showed that long-term cold acclimation extended the lethal time for 50% of the population (Lt(50)) during exposure to constant 0°C as much as 630-fold (from 0.137 h to 86.658 h). Such marked physiological plasticity in Lt(50) (in contrast to LLT) suggested that chronic indirect chilling injury at 0°C differs from that caused by cold shock. Long-term cold acclimation modified the metabolomic profiles of the larvae. Accumulations of proline (up to 17.7 mM) and trehalose (up to 36.5 mM) were the two most prominent responses. In addition, restructuring of the glycerophospholipid composition of biological membranes was observed. The relative proportion of glycerophosphoethanolamines (especially those with linoleic acid at the sn-2 position) increased at the expense of glycerophosphocholines.Third-instar larvae of D. melanogaster improved their cold tolerance in response to long-term cold acclimation and showed metabolic potential for the accumulation of proline and trehalose and for membrane restructuring

Chlormravenčany v analytické chemii jako činidla rychlé esterifikace

V 90. letech byly znovu objeveny chlormravenčany v jejich nové schopnosti esterifikovat karboxylovou skupinu s možností použití jako univerzálních reakčních činidel derivatizace v plynové chromatografii. Jejich předností je navíc sekundová přeměna látek probíhající ve vodném prostředí a možnost zahrnout do současné analýzy karboxylových kysekin i aminokyseliny. Příprava vzorku k analýze je tedy podstatně zjednodušena a informace z jedné analýzy je obsahově bohatší.Dokončená práce s úspěšnou obhajobo

DNA Methylation Changes as Potential Biomarkers in the Treatment of Bladder Cancer

DNA methylation changes as potential biomarkers in the treatment of bladder cancer Introdution Bladder Cancer (BC) is the second most common malignancy of the urinary tract. BC has two categories. Approximately 75 % of patients with BC present with disease confined to the mucosa or submucosa (non muscle invasive bladder tumor - NMIBC). Carcinoma in situ (CIS) is a very specific subgroup of NMIBC, because it is not a papillary lesion but a flat tumor, which is why CIS can be missed in cystoscopy. CIS is always a high grade tumor. Without any treatment, approximately 54% of patients with CIS progressed to muscle- invasive or metastatic disease. The second category covers patients with muscle-invasive BC (MIBC). These patients have a higher prevalence of progression rates and higher cancer- specific mortality. Patients with NMIBC are indicated to transurethral tumor resection (TUR) alone or with adjuvant treatment (intravesical chemotherapy or intravesical Bacillus Calmette- Guérin - BCG immunotherapy). BCG is an attenuated mycobacterium developed as a vaccine for tuberculosis that has demonstrated antitumor activity in BC intravesical instillation, and significantly reduces the progression risk of high grade papillary lesion and CIS. The therapy of MIBC is radical cystectomy - hard mutilating surgery..