1,771 research outputs found
SamACO: variable sampling ant colony optimization algorithm for continuous optimization
An ant colony optimization (ACO) algorithm offers
algorithmic techniques for optimization by simulating the foraging behavior of a group of ants to perform incremental solution
constructions and to realize a pheromone laying-and-following
mechanism. Although ACO is first designed for solving discrete
(combinatorial) optimization problems, the ACO procedure is
also applicable to continuous optimization. This paper presents
a new way of extending ACO to solving continuous optimization
problems by focusing on continuous variable sampling as a key
to transforming ACO from discrete optimization to continuous
optimization. The proposed SamACO algorithm consists of three
major steps, i.e., the generation of candidate variable values for
selection, the antsβ solution construction, and the pheromone
update process. The distinct characteristics of SamACO are the
cooperation of a novel sampling method for discretizing the
continuous search space and an efficient incremental solution
construction method based on the sampled values. The performance
of SamACO is tested using continuous numerical functions
with unimodal and multimodal features. Compared with some
state-of-the-art algorithms, including traditional ant-based algorithms
and representative computational intelligence algorithms
for continuous optimization, the performance of SamACO is seen
competitive and promising
Notes on contributors
The gas-phase complex UO2(TMOGA)(2)(2+) (TMOGA = tetramethyl-3-oxa-glutaramide) prepared by electrospray ionization was characterized by infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) spectroscopy. The IRMPD spectrum from 700-1800 cm(-1) was interpreted using a computational study based on density functional theory. The predicted vibrational frequencies are in good agreement with the measured values, with an average deviation of only 8 cm(-1) (<1%) and a maximum deviation of 21 cm(-1) (<2%). The only IR peak assigned to the linear uranyl moiety was the asymmetric v(3) mode, which appeared at 965 cm(-1) and was predicted by DFT as 953 cm(-1). This v(3) frequency is red-shifted relative to bare uranyl, UO22+, by ca. 150 cm(-1) due to electron donation from the TMOGA ligands. Based on the degree of red-shifting, it is inferred that two TMOGA oxygen-donor ligands have a greater effective gas basicity than the four monodentate acetone ligands in UO2(acetone)(4)(2+). The uranyl v(3) frequency was also computed for uranyl coordinated by two TMGA ligands, in which the central O-ether, of TMOGA has been replaced by CH2. The computed v(3) for UO2(TMGA)(2)(2+), 950 cm(-1), is essentially the same as that for UO2(TMOGA)(2)(2+), suggesting that electron donation to uranyl from the ether of TMOGA is minor. The computed v(3) asymmetric stretching frequencies for the three actinyl complexes, UO2(TMOGA)(2)(2+), NpO2(TMOGA)(2)(2+) and PuO2(TMOGA)(2)(2+), are comparable. This similarity is discussed in the context of the relationship between v(3) and intrinsic actinide-oxygen bond energies in actinyl complexes
Optimization of Photoelastic Properties and Stress Relief of Small-Sized Polycarbonate Disks for Granular Material Photoelastic Tests
The development of photoelastic tests was strongly enhanced by appearance of polycarbonate, hich turned out to be an excellent photoelastic material. In order to obtain small polycarbonate particles applicable for granular material photoelastic tests, small-diameter transparent cylindrical disks are cut from a polycarbonate plate preliminarily subjected to annealing, in order to provide stress relief. The plate-cutting and annealing regimes are optimized by the comprehensive analysis of mechanical and photoelastic properties of polycarbonate disks of various diameters and constant height of 5 mm. The resulting stress-strain photoelastic visualizations and material fringe patterns are analyzed, in order to verify the effectiveness of the proposed material processing and annealing regimes.ΠΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ³ΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠΈ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅Π±ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ°, ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΠΏΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΡΡ
Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π°, ΠΈΠ· ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½Ρ, ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π²Π°ΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π²Π΅ΡΠ³Π½ΡΡΠΎΠΉ ΠΎΡΠΆΠΈΠ³Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ, Π²ΡΡΠ΅Π·Π°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ»ΠΈΠ½Π΄ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°. Π Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΆΠΈΠ³Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΠΈΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π²ΡΡΠΎΡΡ (5 ΠΌΠΌ). ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ· ΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΏΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎ-Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡ
ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ» Π²ΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π»Π°Π³Π°Π΅ΠΌΡΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠΆΠΈΠ³Π° Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π°.ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½Π°Ρ Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ½ΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Π½Ρ Π½Π΅Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠΊ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΡ, ΡΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π²ΠΈΠΏΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π³ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ»ΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅Ρ ΡΠ°Π»Ρ, Π· ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΏΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ½ΠΈ, ΡΠΊΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΄Π΄Π°Π²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΏΠ°Π»Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»Π°ΠΊΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ, Π²ΠΈΡΡΠ·Π°Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ·ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½Π΄ΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ°. Π Π΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½Ρ Ρ Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΏΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π² ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Ρ ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½Π°ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ² ΡΡΠ·Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΄ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ° Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΡ Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠΈ (5 ΠΌΠΌ). ΠΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ· ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ
Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΠΊ Π½Π°ΠΏΡΡΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ-Π΄Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠ°Π½Ρ Π΄ΠΈΡΠΊΡΠ² Ρ ΡΠ·ΠΎΡ
ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΈΠ² Π²ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΡ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΠΆΠΈΠΌΡΠ² ΠΎΠ±ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠΈ Ρ Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΏΠ°Π»Ρ Π΄Π»Ρ Π΄Π°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»Ρ
Open-closed field algebras
We introduce the notions of open-closed field algebra and open-closed field
algebra over a vertex operator algebra V. In the case that V satisfies certain
finiteness and reductivity conditions, we show that an open-closed field
algebra over V canonically gives an algebra over a \C-extension of the
Swiss-cheese partial operad. We also give a tensor categorical formulation and
categorical constructions of open-closed field algebras over V.Comment: 55 pages, largely revised, an old subsection is deleted, a few
references are adde
Role of K(ATP)(+) channels in regulation of systemic, pulmonary, and coronary vasomotor tone in exercising swine
The role of ATP-sensitive K(+) (K(ATP)(+)) channels in vasomotor tone
regulation during metabolic stimulation is incompletely understood.
Consequently, we studied the contribution of K(ATP)(+) channels to
vasomotor tone regulation in the systemic, pulmonary, and coronary
vascular bed in nine treadmill-exercising swine. Exercise up to 85% of
maximum heart rat
Discrete Laplace Cycles of Period Four
We study discrete conjugate nets whose Laplace sequence is of period four.
Corresponding points of opposite nets in this cyclic sequence have equal
osculating planes in different net directions, that is, they correspond in an
asymptotic transformation. We show that this implies that the connecting lines
of corresponding points form a discrete W-congruence. We derive some properties
of discrete Laplace cycles of period four and describe two explicit methods for
their construction
Transient elastohydrodynamic lubrication analysis of a novel metal-on-metal hip prosthesis with a non-spherical femoral bearing surface
Effective lubrication performance of metal-on-metal hip implants only requires optimum conformity within the main loaded area, while it is advantageous to increase the clearance in the equatorial region. Such a varying clearance can be achieved by using non-spherical bearing surfaces for either acetabular or femoral components. An elastohydrodynamic lubrication model of a novel metal-on-metal hip prosthesis using a non-spherical femoral bearing surface against a spherical cup was solved under loading and motion conditions specified by ISO standard. A full numerical methodology of considering the geometric variation in the rotating non-spherical head in elastohydrodynamic lubrication solution was presented, which is applicable to all non-spherical head designs. The lubrication performance of a hip prosthesis using a specific non-spherical femoral head, Alpharabola, was analysed and compared with those of spherical bearing surfaces and a non-spherical Alpharabola cup investigated in previous studies. The sensitivity of the lubrication performance to the anteversion angle of the Alpharabola head was also investigated. Results showed that the non-spherical head introduced a large squeeze-film action and also led to a large variation in clearance within the loaded area. With the same equatorial clearance, the lubrication performance of the metal-on-metal hip prosthesis using an Alpharabola head was better than that of the conventional spherical bearings but worse than that of the metal-on-metal hip prosthesis using an Alpharabola cup. The reduction in the lubrication performance caused by the initial anteversion angle of the non-spherical head was small, compared with the improvement resulted from the non-spherical geometry
On Vanishing Theorems For Vector Bundle Valued p-Forms And Their Applications
Let be a strictly increasing function
with . We unify the concepts of -harmonic maps, minimal
hypersurfaces, maximal spacelike hypersurfaces, and Yang-Mills Fields, and
introduce -Yang-Mills fields, -degree, -lower degree, and generalized
Yang-Mills-Born-Infeld fields (with the plus sign or with the minus sign) on
manifolds. When and
the -Yang-Mills field becomes an ordinary Yang-Mills field,
-Yang-Mills field, a generalized Yang-Mills-Born-Infeld field with the plus
sign, and a generalized Yang-Mills-Born-Infeld field with the minus sign on a
manifold respectively. We also introduce the energy functional (resp.
-Yang-Mills functional) and derive the first variational formula of the
energy functional (resp. -Yang-Mills functional) with
applications. In a more general frame, we use a unified method to study the
stress-energy tensors that arise from calculating the rate of change of various
functionals when the metric of the domain or base manifold is changed. These
stress-energy tensors, linked to -conservation laws yield monotonicity
formulae. A "macroscopic" version of these monotonicity inequalities enables us
to derive some Liouville type results and vanishing theorems for forms with
values in vector bundles, and to investigate constant Dirichlet boundary value
problems for 1-forms. In particular, we obtain Liouville theorems for
harmonic maps (e.g. -harmonic maps), and Yang-Mills fields (e.g.
generalized Yang-Mills-Born-Infeld fields on manifolds). We also obtain
generalized Chern type results for constant mean curvature type equations for
forms on and on manifolds with the global doubling property
by a different approach. The case and is due to Chern.Comment: 1. This is a revised version with several new sections and an
appendix that will appear in Communications in Mathematical Physics. 2. A
"microscopic" approach to some of these monotonicity formulae leads to
celebrated blow-up techniques and regularity theory in geometric measure
theory. 3. Our unique solution of the Dirichlet problems generalizes the work
of Karcher and Wood on harmonic map
Sonic velocity in holographic fluids and its applications
Gravity/fluid correspondence acts as an important tool in investigating the strongly correlated fluids. We carefully investigate the holographic fluids at the finite cutoff surface by considering different boundary conditions in the scenario of gravity/fluid correspondence. We find that the sonic velocity of the boundary fluids at the finite cutoff surface is critical in clarifying the superficial similarity between the bulk viscosity and perturbation of the pressure for the holographic fluid, where we set a special boundary condition at the finite cutoff surface to explicitly express this superficial similarity. Moreover, we further take the sonic velocity into account to investigate a case with a more general boundary condition. In this more genaral case, although two parameters in the first order stress tensor of holographic fluid cannot be fixed, one can still extract the information about the transport coefficients by considering the sonic velocity seriously.Theoretical Physic
Effects on egg production and quality of supplementing drinking water with calcium and magnesium
This study was conducted to appraise the effects on egg quality and production performance of laying hens when drinking water was supplemented with calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg). A total of 384 (64-week-old) Hy-line Brown laying hens were assigned at random to four treatments, which consisted of CON: unsupplemented drinking water; T1: drinking water + 2 mg/L Ca + 250 mg/L Mg; T2: drinking water + 4 mg/L Ca + 510 mg/L Mg /10 L; and T3: drinking water + 5 mg/L Ca and 760 mg/L Mg. The experiment lasted six weeks. Water intake increased linearly in week 1 with the rising levels of Ca and Mg in the drinking water. Increasing the Ca and Mg levels improved eggshell strength (week 2 (P =0.01), week 5 (P =0.01), and week 6 (P = 0.03), and eggshell thickness (week 6) (P =0.02) and reduced the rate at which eggs were broken (week 4) (P =0.01). The supplemental Ca and Mg did not affect egg production, egg weight, Haugh unit, albumen height, eggshell colour, and yolk colour compared with CON. Nor did they influence the Haugh unit and albumen height after storing for 1, 5, 10 and 15 days. In conclusion, adding Ca and Mg to the drinking water increased the thickness and strength of the eggshells
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