Ta Mok Shwe-gu-gyi Temple: Local Art in Upper Myanmar 11-17th century AD

The article explores the relationship of a local tradition of nine Shwe-gu or “golden caves” and the 11 khayaing of Kyaukse, the rice fields that supplied Bagan. Drawing on survey and ongoing work at the Ta Mok khayaing Shwe-gu-gyi, we profile a local specificity essential to and yet far from the courts of 11th–17th century Bagan, Pinya and Inwa. In its multiple encasements of images and architecture, the Ta Mok Shwe-gu-gyi records a transition from the visual complexity of Bagan period gu to the more iconic structures of the Pinya and Inwa eras

A Study on Hospital Service Quality in Public Hospital ( Case Study of Yangon General Hospital) (Khin Khin Htwe, 2022)

Junk foods consumption is a risk factor for many chronic non-communicable diseases because it is an unhealthy food. A descriptive study was conducted by quantitative approach to assess the awareness and practices towards junk food consumption among executive staff attending master program in Yangon University of Economics in Kamayut Campus. A total of 180 respondents were chosen by stratified sampling method. Data was collected by using administered questionnaire. The result showed that over half of the respondents have acceptable level of knowledge whereas one half of the respondents have unfavorable level of attitude while majority of respondents have good practice in junk food consumptions. Moreover, it was found that there were statistically significant on associations between personal habits included alcohol drinking, suffering from obesity, and suffering from other diseases, and awareness of junk foods consumption among the respondents. The finding of this study would be a partial fulfilment of awareness of junk food consumption among working age. Moreover, school health program regarding junk food consumptions of school age and experimental researches are recommended for new researchers

Statistical Function Tagging and Grammatical Relations of Myanmar Sentences

This paper describes a context free grammar (CFG) based grammatical relations for Myanmar sentences which combine corpus-based function tagging system. Part of the challenge of statistical function tagging for Myanmar sentences comes from the fact that Myanmar has free-phrase-order and a complex morphological system. Function tagging is a pre-processing step to show grammatical relations of Myanmar sentences. In the task of function tagging, which tags the function of Myanmar sentences with correct segmentation, POS (part-of-speech) tagging and chunking information, we use Naive Bayesian theory to disambiguate the possible function tags of a word. We apply context free grammar (CFG) to find out the grammatical relations of the function tags. We also create a functional annotated tagged corpus for Myanmar and propose the grammar rules for Myanmar sentences. Experiments show that our analysis achieves a good result with simple sentences and complex sentences.Comment: 16 pages, 7 figures, 8 tables, AIAA-2011 (India). arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:0912.1820 by other author

国際貿易協定、国際投資協定及び国際統合に関する研究

内容の要約広島大学(Hiroshima University)博士(学術)Doctor of Philosophydoctora

India's Democratic Identity and Its Policy towards Myanmar from 1988 to 2010

Since the 1990s, India has reengaged with Myanmar government. The Indian government's engagement with Myanmar's military junta provoked a controversial issue in international community, claiming that "the oldest democratic country in Asia" is not doing enough to promote democracy in her neighborhood. The question raised was what has motivated India to develop cordial relations with Myanmar's military junta. The paper emphasizes the role of India's democratic identity in Indo-Myanmar policy during 1988-2010. Previous literatures revealed India's policy towards Myanmar in economic and security assumptions. They tended to sketch India Policy as "in-active" in promotion of democracy practiced from west democratic institutions norms, such as "isolation" and "totally disengagement". The paper briefly explains Indo-Myanmar relations from 1988 to 2010. Security and economic interests play a larger role than the intention to promote democratic identity in Myanmar. The paper argues that in the background of Indo-Myanmar development cooperation, India has made efforts to promote democratic value in Myanmar differently from other western democratic countries. Engagement policy has shaped Indo-Myanmar relations in the 1990s. India "engagement policy", "non-isolation" and "development cooperation" with Myanmar government has brought up contractions. (author's abstract

Seepage and Slope Stability Analysis of Myittha Multipurpose Dam Project, Gangaw Township, Magway Region, Myanmar

Myittha Multipurpose Dam Project is constructed on Myittha River to be implemented for hydropower production of installed power 40 MW and average annual energy 170 million kWh for regional development and irrigation network of 12,000 acres. Myittha dam has two portions of embankment: main dam (rockfill zone type) and long saddle dam (homogeneous type). The purpose of this paper is the evaluation of seepage and slope stability conditions of Myittha embankments (Myanmar) based on three different cases of operations: end of construction before filling the reservoir, steady state seepage and rapid drawdown of the reservoir. Seepage and slope stability analysis were done in two ways: analytical and computer approaches. Analytically, seepage analysis was done by using Laplace equation based on Darcy's law and slope stability analysis was done by using Ordinary Method of Slices and Bishop Simplified Method. This analytical approach was used to access based on the earthen dam details and geotechnical design parameters of embankment materials. On this research, SLOPE/W and SEEP/W soft-wares were used as computer approach. The analysis results presented in this research confirm the safety of Myittha dam against combined seepage and slope stability under all cases of operation

EFFECT OF LEGUMES LIVING MULCHES ON SOIL MOISTURE, WEED INFESTATION, GROWTH AND YIELD OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) DURING DRY SEASON

The experiment was conducted at the field of Department of Agronomy, Yezin Agricultural University, Myanmar to study the effect of green gram and cowpea living mulches on soil moisture, weed infestation, growth, and yield of maize, and to select the suitable living mulch in maize cultivation during dry season. The experiment was conducted by using randomized complete block design (RCB) with three replications. A total of seven treatments were comprised of control (no mulch) (T1), maize: green gram (1:1) (T2), maize: green gram (1:2) (T3), maize: green gram (1:3) (T4), maize: cowpea (1:1) (T5), maize: cowpea (1:2) (T6) and maize: cowpea (1:3) (T7). Soil moisture content and weed infestation were significantly different among the treatments. The maximum weed infestation was recorded from T1 (no mulch) at all sampling times. The minimum weed infestation was observed from maize: cowpea (1:2) (T6) followed by maize: cowpea (1:3) (T7) at 20 DAS and 80 DAS. At 40 DAS and 60 DAS, the minimum weed infestation was found in T7 followed by T6. In addition, the maximum weed control efficiency was found in T6 at 20 DAS and T7 followed by T6 at 40 DAS. The highest leaf area index was attained from T6 at maximum vegetative growth stage. The maximum crop growth rate was observed from maize: green gram (1:2) (T3) and maize: green gram (1:3) (T4) from vegetative growth stage to grain filling stage. However, the maximum grain yield was recorded from maize: cowpea ((1:2) (T6). According to the results, maize: cowpea ((1:2) (T6) is suitable for maize cultivation during dry season of the study area