551 research outputs found
Method to compute the stress-energy tensor for the massless spin 1/2 field in a general static spherically symmetric spacetime
A method for computing the stress-energy tensor for the quantized, massless,
spin 1/2 field in a general static spherically symmetric spacetime is
presented. The field can be in a zero temperature state or a non-zero
temperature thermal state. An expression for the full renormalized
stress-energy tensor is derived. It consists of a sum of two tensors both of
which are conserved. One tensor is written in terms of the modes of the
quantized field and has zero trace. In most cases it must be computed
numerically. The other tensor does not explicitly depend on the modes and has a
trace equal to the trace anomaly. It can be used as an analytic approximation
for the stress-energy tensor and is equivalent to other approximations that
have been made for the stress-energy tensor of the massless spin 1/2 field in
static spherically symmetric spacetimes.Comment: 34 pages, no figure
Cellular Models for River Networks
A cellular model introduced for the evolution of the fluvial landscape is
revisited using extensive numerical and scaling analyses. The basic network
shapes and their recurrence especially in the aggregation structure are then
addressed. The roles of boundary and initial conditions are carefully analyzed
as well as the key effect of quenched disorder embedded in random pinning of
the landscape surface. It is found that the above features strongly affect the
scaling behavior of key morphological quantities. In particular, we conclude
that randomly pinned regions (whose structural disorder bears much physical
meaning mimicking uneven landscape-forming rainfall events, geological
diversity or heterogeneity in surficial properties like vegetation, soil cover
or type) play a key role for the robust emergence of aggregation patterns
bearing much resemblance to real river networks.Comment: 7 pages, revtex style, 14 figure
Pulmonary embolism (PE) to chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease (CTEPD): findings from a survey of UK physicians
Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease (CTEPD) is a complication of pulmonary embolism (PE). We conducted an online survey of UK PE-treating physicians to understand practices in the follow-up of PE and awareness of CTEPD. The physicians surveyed (N = 175) included 50 each from cardiology, respiratory and internal medicine, plus 25 haematologists. Most (89%) participants had local guidelines for PE management, and 65% reported a PE follow-up clinic, of which 69% were joint clinics. Almost half (47%) had a protocol for the investigation of CTEPD. According to participants, 129 (74%) routinely consider a diagnosis of CTEPD and 97 (55%) routinely investigate for CTEPD, with 76% of those 97 participants investigating in patients who are symptomatic at 3 months and 22% investigating in all patients. This survey demonstrated variability in the follow-up of PE and the awareness of CTEPD and its investigation. The findings support the conduct of a national audit to understand the barriers to the timely detection of CTEPD
How Many CMEs Have Flux Ropes? Deciphering the Signatures of Shocks, Flux Ropes, and Prominences in Coronagraph Observations of CMEs
We intend to provide a comprehensive answer to the question on whether all
Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) have flux rope structure. To achieve this, we
present a synthesis of the LASCO CME observations over the last sixteen years,
assisted by 3D MHD simulations of the breakout model, EUV and coronagraphic
observations from STEREO and SDO, and statistics from a revised LASCO CME
database. We argue that the bright loop often seen as the CME leading edge is
the result of pileup at the boundary of the erupting flux rope irrespective of
whether a cavity or, more generally, a 3-part CME can be identified. Based on
our previous work on white light shock detection and supported by the MHD
simulations, we identify a new type of morphology, the `two-front' morphology.
It consists of a faint front followed by diffuse emission and the bright
loop-like CME leading edge. We show that the faint front is caused by density
compression at a wave (or possibly shock) front driven by the CME. We also
present high-detailed multi-wavelength EUV observations that clarify the
relative positioning of the prominence at the bottom of a coronal cavity with
clear flux rope structure. Finally, we visually check the full LASCO CME
database for flux rope structures. In the process, we classify the events into
two clear flux rope classes (`3-part', `Loop'), jets and outflows (no clear
structure). We find that at least 40% of the observed CMEs have clear flux rope
structures. We propose a new definition for flux rope CMEs (FR-CMEs) as a
coherent magnetic, twist-carrying coronal structure with angular width of at
least 40 deg and able to reach beyond 10 Rsun which erupts on a time scale of a
few minutes to several hours. We conclude that flux ropes are a common
occurrence in CMEs and pose a challenge for future studies to identify CMEs
that are clearly not FR-CMEs.Comment: 26 pages, 9 figs, to be published in Solar Physics Topical Issue
"Flux Rope Structure of CMEs
Defining the essence of innovation how important terms in promoting of transformation processes in Ukraine
Feature hierarchies are essential to many visual object recognition systems and are well motivated by observations in biological systems. The present paper proposes an algorithm to incrementally compute feature hierarchies. The features are represented as estimated densities, using a variant of local soft histograms. The kernel functions used for this estimation in conjunction with their unitary extension establish a tight frame and results from framelet theory apply. Traversing the feature hierarchy requires resampling of the spatial and the feature bins. For the resampling, we derive a multi-resolution scheme for quadratic spline kernels and we derive an optimization algorithm for the upsampling. We complement the theoretic results by some illustrative experiments, consideration of convergence rate and computational efficiency.DIPLECSGARNICSELLII
Direct, Indirect and Collider Detection of Neutralino Dark Matter In SUSY Models with Non-universal Higgs Masses
In supersymmetric models with gravity-mediated SUSY breaking, universality of
soft SUSY breaking sfermion masses m_0 is motivated by the need to suppress
unwanted flavor changing processes. The same motivation, however, does not
apply to soft breaking Higgs masses, which may in general have independent
masses from matter scalars at the GUT scale. We explore phenomenological
implications of both the one-parameter and two-parameter non-universal Higgs
mass models (NUHM1 and NUHM2), and examine the parameter ranges compatible with
Omega_CDM h^2, BF(b --> s,gamma) and (g-2)_mu constraints. In contrast to the
mSUGRA model, in both NUHM1 and NUHM2 models, the dark matter A-annihilation
funnel can be reached at low values of tan(beta), while the higgsino dark
matter annihilation regions can be reached for low values of m_0. We show that
there may be observable rates for indirect and direct detection of neutralino
cold dark matter in phenomenologically aceptable ranges of parameter space. We
also examine implications of the NUHM models for the Fermilab Tevatron, the
CERN LHC and a Sqrt(s)=0.5-1 TeV e+e- linear collider. Novel possibilities
include: very light s-top_R, s-charm_R squark and slepton_L masses as well as
light charginos and neutralinos and H, A and H^+/- Higgs bosons.Comment: LaTeX, 48pages, 26 Figures. The version with high resolution Figures
is available at http://hep.pa.msu.edu/belyaev/public/projects/nuhm/nuhm.p
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