The Effect Demographics Have On The Demand For Orange Juice

This paper investigates how the demand for orange juice is affected by the demographics of consumers. There are many variables in the orange juice demand equation and demographics are only one. Demographic variables are important in determining the tastes and preferences of different regions. The data that has been collected is weekly data over a two year period of time. The seemingly unrelated regression method will be used to examine the data. This project will be beneficial to orange juice advertising firms and companies that sell orange juice.Food Consumption/Nutrition/Food Safety, Marketing,

Transformational Education through Intercultural Service Learning Immersions

Theological educators are searching for capstone events and units that will maximise formation and enable ministerial students to find their ministerial identity and style. The contemporary context requires that cultural awareness and intercultural capacities be included in course outcomes. Avondale Seminary has found that intercultural service learning, where reflection is added as an integral facet of learning, provides the desired positive learning outcomes. We have trialled the use of intercultural service learning with selected ministerial students over the last three years to maximise the spiritual and professional formation of our ministerial students deepening their sense of calling and readiness for full-time ministry. Service learning in an overseas context stretched our ministerial students’ communication and relational skills, requiring them to solve multiple problems by adjusting their attitudes, approaches, and ministry skills. The curriculum design has been informed by Meizirow’s and Deardorff’s models and the writings of Tortorici and Gale, Zimmerman and Neyer, Moon, and Bamber and Hankin. Students’ responses, included in the article, reveal deep personal, relational, professional and spiritual growth. The creation of new instruments and processes to enrich the student experience overseas is also explored

From Markovian to pairwise epidemic models and the performance of moment closure approximations

Many if not all models of disease transmission on networks can be linked to the exact state-based Markovian formulation. However the large number of equations for any system of realistic size limits their applicability to small populations. As a result, most modelling work relies on simulation and pairwise models. In this paper, for a simple SIS dynamics on an arbitrary network, we formalise the link between a well known pairwise model and the exact Markovian formulation. This involves the rigorous derivation of the exact ODE model at the level of pairs in terms of the expected number of pairs and triples. The exact system is then closed using two different closures, one well established and one that has been recently proposed. A new interpretation of both closures is presented, which explains several of their previously observed properties. The closed dynamical systems are solved numerically and the results are compared to output from individual-based stochastic simulations. This is done for a range of networks with the same average degree and clustering coefficient but generated using different algorithms. It is shown that the ability of the pairwise system to accurately model an epidemic is fundamentally dependent on the underlying large-scale network structure. We show that the existing pairwise models are a good fit for certain types of network but have to be used with caution as higher-order network structures may compromise their effectiveness

Final Report: Analysis of Environmental Justice

This is a scientific and technical review of the Department of Energy\u27s Final Environmental Impact Statement on the Proposed Nuclear Weapons Nonproliferation Policy Concerning Foreign Research Reactor Spent Nuclear Fuel (FRR-SNF). The receipt of FRR-SNF adds an additional and important component to DOE\u27s programmatic Spent Nuclear Fuel (SNF) activities. This review also looks at the EIS processes associated with the revised Surplus Plutonium Disposition initiatives. This analysis evaluates the EIS procedures associated with these two programs for consideration of NEPA requirements with particular emphasis on Environmental Justive. This review has identified deficiencies in DOE\u27s EIS procedures and evaluates some of the problems arising there. This review analyzed the adequacy of the environmental impact assessment and public participation approaches taken by Department of Energy (DOE) as part of decision-making on spent fuel and surplus plutonium. This research was completed money allocated during Round 1 of the Citizens’ Monitoring and Technical Assessment Fund (MTA Fund). Clark University was named conservator of these works. If you have any questions or concerns please contact us at [email protected]://commons.clarku.edu/harambee/1000/thumbnail.jp

How predictable are flu pandemics?

There were at least four flu pandemics in the past century, but is it possible to predict how many there might be in the century to come? Edward Hill, Michael Tildesley and Thomas House analyse 300 years of outbreaks in search of clues

Nonsurgical Approaches to Treat Biliary Tract and Liver Tumors

Endoscopic and percutaneous therapies have been shown to prolong life and reduce morbidity for patients with unresectable advanced stages of primary hepatobiliary malignancies. This article reviews pertinent studies published within the last 5 years that involve locoregional techniques to manage hepatocellular carcinoma, perihilar and distal cholangiocarcinoma. A major emphasis is placed on photodynamic therapy, radiofrequency ablation, irreversible electroporation, and microwave ablation. Technical advances, combinational therapies, and postintervention outcomes are discussed. Despite widespread application, high-quality evidence does not show superiority of any particular locoregional technique for treating advanced hepatobiliary cancers

An Amplitude And Traveltime Calculation Using A Higher-Order Parabolic Equation

A higher-order parabolic equation is used to compute the traveltime (phase) and the amplitude in constant density acoustic media. This approach is in the frequency domain, thereby avoiding the high frequency approximation inherent in the Eikonal equation. Intrinsic attenuation can be naturally incorporated into the calculation. The error at large angles of propagation caused by the expansion of the square root operator can be virtually eliminated by adding more terms to the expansion. An efficient algorithm is obtained by applying the alternate direction method. Our results are in excellent agreement with the finite element approach for the range-dependent wedge-shaped benchmark problem. The amplitude and the phase are calculated for a syncline and the Marmousi models

The Physiological Response on Immersion in Cold Water and the Cooling Rates on Swimming in a Group of children Aged 10 – 11 years

Swimming is a popular sport in the United Kingdom (UK); however, cold water immersion often found in open waters in the UK is not without increased risk. Drowning is among the leading cause of accidental death in 1-14 year-olds in most countries. We examined whether children and adults exhibit similar cold shock responses; their rate of cooling while swimming; and subjective recognition of cooling. Nineteen children aged 10-11 years voluntarily undertook a 5 min static immersion in 15 °C (59 °F) water. Ten of them then completed a swim of up to 40 min. Resting heart rate, respiratory frequency and inspiratory volume increased in all participants on initial immersion. The mean (+SD) cooling rate while swimming was 2.5 °C hr1 (+3.1)). No significant correlation was found between cooling rate and thermal sensation or comfort, implying a lack of subjective awareness in children. On comparing data from unacclimatized adults in 12°C (53.6 °F) water, children showed a smaller ‘cold shock’ response (p \u3c .05), and no difference was found in cooling rates during swimming

Adaptation of the Cold Shock Response and Cooling Rates on Swimming Following Repeated Cold Water Immersions in a Group of Children Aged 10 – 12 years

Habituation of the cold shock response, and adaptation in deep body cooling with prolonged cold water immersion is well documented in adults. This study aimed to determine whether children exhibit similar responses. Eight children aged 10-11 years underwent a 5 min static immersion in 15°C (59°F) water, five then swam for up to 40 minutes, before and after a year of regular cold water swim training. Following acclimatization, no differences were found in heart rates or respiratory frequencies on initial immersion, despite a smaller relative VO2. Children reported feeling warmer (p \u3c .01) and more comfortable (p \u3c .05), implying acclimatization of subjective perception of cold. No difference was found in cooling rates while swimming. On comparison with data of adults swimming in 12°C (36°F) water, no difference was found in cooling rates, but the trend in both acclimatized groups to a slower rate of cooling was significant (p \u3c .026) when the data were pooled. These data may support a theory of insulative adaptation