On Fatigue Detection for Air Traffic Controllers Based on Fuzzy Fusion of Multiple Features

Fatigue detection for air traffic controllers is an important yet challenging problem in aviation safety research. Most of the existing methods for this problem are based on facial features. In this paper, we propose an ensemble learning model that combines both facial features and voice features and design a fatigue detection method through multifeature fusion, referred to as Facial and Voice Stacking (FV-Stacking). Specifically, for facial features, we first use OpenCV and Dlib libraries to extract mouth and eye areas and then employ a combination of M-Convolutional Neural Network (M-CNN) and E-Convolutional Neural Network (E-CNN) to determine the state of mouth and eye closure based on five features, i.e., blinking times, average blinking time, average blinking interval, Percentage of Eyelid Closure over the Pupil over Time (PERCLOS), and Frequency of Open Mouth (FOM). For voice features, we extract the Mel-Frequency Cepstral Coefficients (MFCC) features of speech. Such facial features and voice features are fused through a carefully designed stacking model for fatigue detection. Real-life experiments are conducted on 14 air traffic controllers in Southwest Air Traffic Management Bureau of Civil Aviation of China. The results show that the proposed FV-Stacking method achieves a detection accuracy of 97%, while the best accuracy achieved by a single model is 92% and the best accuracy achieved by the state-of-the-art detection methods is 88%

Proteomics analysis reveals differentially activated pathways that operate in peanut gynophores at different developmental stages

Specific proteins identified in S3 gynophores. (XLS 91 kb

Development and application of KASP marker for high throughput detection of AhFAD2 mutation in peanut

Background: Cultivated peanut ( Arachis hypogaea L.) is a major oilseed cropworldwide. Fatty acid composition of peanut oil may affect the flavor and shelf life of the resulting food products. Oleic acid and linoleic acid are the major fatty acids of peanut oil. The conversion from oleic acid to linoleic acid is controlled by the \u39412 fatty acid desaturase (FAD) encoded by AhFAD2A and AhFAD2B, two homoeologous genes from A and B subgenomes, respectively. One nucleotide substitution (G:C \u2192 A:T) of AhFAD2A and an \u201cA\u201d insertion of AhFAD2B resulted in high-oleic acid phenotype. Detection of AhFAD2 mutation had been achieved by cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS), real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and allele-specific PCR (AS-PCR). However, a low cost, high throughput and high specific method is still required to detect AhFAD2 genotype of large number of seeds. Kompetitive allele specific PCR (KASP) can detect both alleles in a single reaction. The aim of this work is to develop KASP for detection AhFAD2 genotype of large number of breeding materials. Results: Here,we developed a KASPmethod to detect the genotypes of progenies between high oleic acid peanut and common peanut. Validationwas carried out by CAPS analysis. The results fromKASP assay and CAPS analysis were consistent. The genotype of 18 out of 179 BC4F2 seeds was aabb. Conclusions: Due to high accuracy, time saving, high throughput feature and low cost, KASP is more suitable for determining AhFAD2 genotype than other methods

Extraction of Natural Dye from Aerial Parts of Argy Wormwood Based on Optimized Taguchi Approach and Functional Finishing of Cotton Fabric

The aerial parts of the Argy Worm Wood (AWW) plant have been used in different Chinese foods as a colorant and a taste enhancer for a long time. Despite its application as a food colorant, it has rarely been considered for the coloration of textiles. Keeping in mind the variation in color strength due to the change in phytochemical contents by seasonal change and other variables, the extraction of AWW aerial parts was optimized using the Taguchi method. Optimization was performed on the basis of total phytochemical contents (phenols, flavonoids, and tannins) in the extracted solutions. For this purpose, two different solvent systems, namely sodium hydroxide/water (NaOH/water) and ethanol/water (EtOH/water), were applied through a simple aqueous extraction method at varying levels of solvent concentration, and extraction temperature and duration. Maximum phytochemicals yield of 21.96% was obtained using NaOH/water system with 9 g/L NaOH/water at 85 °C for 20 min and 25.5% with 75% aqueous ethanol at 85 °C for 40 min. Optimized extracts were characterized by UV-Vis and FTIR spectrophotometry, which showed the presence of multiple phytochemicals in the extracts. The dyeing temperature and time were also optimized. Dyed cotton fabrics showed medium to high colorfastness to washing and excellent antibacterial and UV radiation absorption properties. The effect of pre-mordanting with salts of iron and copper was also studied on the color fastness properties. Cotton fabrics dyed with two different solvent system extracts displayed various shades of brown with NaOH/water, and green with aqueous ethanol with and without pre-mordanting. The present study provides the textile industry with a promising source of functional bio-colorant and a value-adding approach for the AWW plant industry

Investigation on the In Situ Ti2AlC/TiAl Composite with a Homogenous Architecture by Adding Graphene Nanosheets

The Ti2AlC/TiAl composite with a homogenous architecture was fabricated via spark plasma sintering (SPS) using Ti/Al/GNSs composite powders, after ultrasonic mechanical stirring, as raw materials. The phases, microstructure, compressive properties and Vickers hardness of the composite were methodically characterized. We observed the transformation of graphene nanosheets from multi-layer to few-layer by the ultrasonic dispersion and the uniform distribution of few-layer graphene nanosheets in composite powders by ultrasonic mechanical stirring. The composite is mainly composed of rod-shaped Ti2AlC particles and a TiAl matrix, and the formation of rod-shaped morphology with the long axis along the (0001) plane is due to the fact that the growth rate of Ti2AlC parallel to the (0001) plane is much higher than the growth rate along the [0001] direction. The compressive stress and strain of the as-prepared Ti2AlC/TiAl composite reach 1451.2 MPa and 19.7%, respectively, which are better than some Ti2AlC/TiAl composites using graphite as the carbon source, and the Vickers hardness remains between 400~500 HV. The fracture morphologies show the deformation and fracture features of Ti2AlC particles, i.e., lamellae kinking and laminated tearing, which could increase the toughness of TiAl alloys

Intelligent Bandwidth Reservation for Big Data Transfer in High-Performance Networks

Many scientific applications are generating extremely large amounts of data at a high speed, which must be transferred to remote collaborating sites for storage and analysis. Such high- demanding data transfer has been increasingly supported by bandwidth reservation services in high-performance networks (HPNs). For each bandwidth reservation request (BRR), most existing scheduling algorithms return either the best-case reservation option or a reject message if the BRR cannot be satisfied. To perform intelligent scheduling, we provide two alternative reservation options in the latter case: schedule the BRR within the closest time intervals before and after the user-specified time interval. We consider two different types of BRRs and for each, we design a flexible bandwidth scheduling algorithm with a rigorous optimality proof to compute both the best and alternative reservation options. For comparison, we also design two heuristics adapted from existing bandwidth scheduling algorithms. Extensive simulations show that the proposed algorithms have superior performance to those in comparison

Kinetic study of cellulose hydrolysis with tungsten-based acid catalysts

Tungsten plays an important role in transforming cellulose to C2 Symbol of the Klingon Empire C3 polyols. In previous reports, the research focus was mainly on the C Symbol of the Klingon Empire C cleavage reactions of cellulose catalyzed by various tungsten-containing catalysts, but less on its catalytic role in cellulose hydrolysis although it is usually considered as the rate-determining step in cellulose conversion. In this article, the method of determining kinetics parameters for hydrolyzing cellulose into glucose was developed. The effects of reaction temperature, different tungsten-based acid catalysts, and H+ concentration on reaction rate of hydrolyzing cellulose into glucose were quantitatively addressed. The relevant reaction rate equations with using H3O40PW12, H4O40SiW12, and H2WO4 as tungsten acid catalysts were obtained in developed batch continuous stirred tank reactors and validated by experimental data. The simulating analysis indicates that the reaction mechanism of cellulose hydrolysis can change with the temperature. H3O40PW12 is the best candidate catalyst for obtaining the maximum glucose concentration