SEPARATION AND IDENTIFICATIONOF NORMAL HYDROCARBON, NONADECANE IN THE CABBAGE VEGETABLES SAMPLES (Brassica o/eracea VAR. CAPITATA F. ALBA) BY GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY

ABSTRACT Toxic normal hydrocarbon (NH), nonadecane in the methanolic extract of the whole of cabbage samples collected from different districts of Bangladeshwas analyzed by GC-MS. It was observed that NH deposition on the samples takes place in different morphological parts of the biological materials. The NH, nonadecane, was found in the cabbage samples collected from the highway road side by the extraction of methanol. The identification and quantification of the title compounds have not been reported previously in the cabbage sample. Keywords: Cabbagebrassica oleracea var. capitata f. albaquantificationnormal hydrocarbon, nonadecane, GCMS

Barriers to Community Microgrids in Fragmented Communities:Insights from a Case Study

This paper discusses the challenges of implementing microgrids in fragmented communities and highlights the significance of community identity and active involvement of residents. Community identity fosters inclusiveness and support for social relationships. However, the impact of cooperative and conflictual relationships on governance arrangements and social and environmental outcomes has received limited attention in studies. To illustrate the importance of community involvement in the development of a microgrid, we consider a remote community in Australia with frequent power outages and poor internet connectivity. The study involved a survey and interviews to understand the community's perspectives on the implementation of a microgrid, including their willingness to invest financially in purchasing and selling local renewable energy, their electricity usage patterns, their interest in hosting renewable energy sources, and their willingness to collaborate.</p

Growth and yield of recently release wheat varieties under raised bed system in drought prone areas

In Bangladesh, the cereal, pulse and other crops have traditionally been planted after 3-4 ploughing operations followed by laddering which is slow, laborious, time consuming and also costly (Singh et al. 2003 and Timsina et al. 2001). Added to this is the increasing labor shortage especially in the peak period. Raised bed planting reduce production cost, save labor and water increases input efficiency, increases yields (Witt et al.2000). This experiment was undertaken to select the best genotypes bed planting and to determine their growth characteristics under this system

Drinking water insecurity in Southwest Coastal Bangladesh : how far to SDG 6.1?

Substantial progress has been seen in the drinking water supply as per the Millennium Development Goals (MDG), but achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), particularly SGD 6.1 regarding safely managed drinking water with much more stringent targets, is considered as a development challenge. The problem is more acute in low-income water-scarce hard-to-reach areas such as the southwest coastal region of Bangladesh, where complex hydrogeological conditions and adverse water quality contribute to a highly vulnerable and insecure water environment. Following the background, this study investigated the challenges and potential solutions to drinking water insecurity in a water-scarce area of southwest coastal Bangladesh using a mixed-methods approach. The findings revealed that water insecurity arises from unimproved, deteriorated, unaffordable, and unreliable sources that have significant time and distance burdens. High rates of technical dysfunction of the existing water infrastructure contribute to water insecurity as well. Consequently, safely managed water services are accessible to only 12% of the population, whereas 64% of the population does not have basic water. To reach the SDG 6.1 target, this underserved community needs well-functioning readily accessible water infrastructure with formal institutional arrangement rather than self-governance, which seems unsuccessful in this low-income context. This study will help the government and its development partners in implementing SDG action plans around investments to a reliable supply of safe water to the people living in water-scarce hard-to-reach coastal areas

Adoption of raised bed technologies with heat & drought tolerant wheat varieties in drought prone areas: A miracle success in Bangladesh

Tillage practices contribute greatly to the labor cost in any crop production system (Limon et al. 2006). Intensive tillage systems result in increased soil compaction and decreased soil organic matter (Singh et al. 2003) and biodiversity (RWC-CIMMYTet al. 2003). Reduced tillage practices, such as bed planting, can offset the production cost and other constraints associated with environment and socio-economic conditions. Raised bed planting of different crops helps achieve good plant establishment, save water, seed, production cost and increases input efficiency, and increases yields in rice-wheat systems (Sayre et al. 2000). The present study examined adoption of raised beds should be needed for farmer’s income and livelihood in drought prone areas

A Study on Industrial Waste Effluents and Their Management at Selected Food and Beverage Industries of Bangladesh

Various types of waste effluents produced by two industries were studied to verify their environmental effects and to prepare a suggestion for management of those wastes. Two types of wastes were considered- wastewater and solid wastes. Analysis on three samples of wastewater was performed to determine the physical, chemical, organic and biological pollution. The pH values were 6.58, 6.75 &amp; 6.64; amount of TDS were 235, 241 &amp; 270 ppm; total hardness were 126, 123 &amp; 144 ppm; calcium hardness were 105, 99 &amp; 122 ppm, all the values of P-alkalinity were zero and values of M-alkalinity were 40, 40 &amp; 45 mg/l. Iron concentrations were 0.21, 0.18 &amp; 0.19 mg/l. Their Cl2 test proved absence of Cl2 Molecule. Only one sample was analyzed for bacterial viable count (44x105 cfu/ml), fungal test (fungi were absent), DO (6.8 mg/l), BOD (156 mg/1) and COD (267 mg/1). Results suggested that iron concentrations, pH values, TDS and DO were within the standard range. Level of total hardness, alkalinity, BOD, COD and total bacterial count exceeded level of standards. Their effects were evaluated from secondary data sources. Solid waste quality and the current onsite waste management facilities were studied through questionnaire survey and direct observations. Most of the cases, current waste management systems were old fashioned and indigenous. After studying literature on waste management procedures, a waste management plan for these industries has been prepared. Study results show that, these selected industries do produce few waste linked problems which can be minimized following some strict management measures

Modification and Characterization of Biodegradable Chitosan/ Starch-Based Films with Monomer 1,4-Butanediol Diacrylate (BDDA) by Gamma Radiation

Chitosan reinforced starch-based biodegradable films were prepared by solution casting. Tensile strength (TS), tensile modulus (TM), elongation at break (%), and water vapor permeability (WVP) of the 50% chitosan containing starch-based films were found to be 47 MPa, 550 MPa, 16%, and 2.45 g·mm/m2·day·kPa, respectively.Monomer 1,4 butanediol diacrylate (BDDA) was added (0.25-1% by wt) to the starch/chitosan (50:50) based film formulation. Then, films were cast and gamma irradiated from a radiation dose varied from 1 kGy to 25 kGy. Then mechanical and barrier properties were evaluated. The highest TS (80 MPa) and TM (880 MPa) of the films were found by using 0.5% monomer at 5 kGy dose. The WVP of the films were found to be 1.50 g·mm/m2·day·kPa which is 38.77% lower than control starch/chitosan-based films. Molecular interactions due to incorporation of BDDA were supported by Fourier transform infra red (FTIR) spectroscopy. The water uptake of the films pointed out better hydrophobic character due to incorporation of BDDA in starch/chitosan-based films. Surface morphologies of BDDA treated films were examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and suggested better morphologies due to BDDA treatment with starch/chitosan-based biodegradable films

Heterogeneous and Homogeneous Parallel Architectures for Real-Time Adaptive Active Vibration Control

This paper presents an investigation into parallel processing techniques for real-time adaptive control of a flexible beam structure. Three different algorithms, namely simulation, control and identification are involved in the adaptive control algorithm. These are implemented on a number of computing platforms including a homogeneous network of transputer nodes, a homogeneous network of digital signal processing (DSP) devices, heterogeneous architectures involving transputers, reduced instruction set computer superscalar processor and DSP device, single DSP devices and transputer nodes and several general purpose sequential processors. The partitioning and mapping of the algorithms on the homogeneous and heterogeneous architectures is also explored. The inter-processor communication speed is investigated to establish the real-time performance aspects of the processors on the basis of the nature of the algorithms involved. A close investigation into the performance of several compilers is made and discussed within the context of real-time implementations. Finally, a comparison of the results of the implementations is made, on the basis of real-time communications performance, computation performance and complier performance, to lead to merits of design of parallel systems incorporating fast processing techniques for real-time control applications