Doing Envy Justice: Examining the Politics of Envy

Conservatives and liberals disagree about the underlying motivations driving opposition to concentrated wealth. Liberals contend that such objections are often driven by legitimate fairness concerns, whereas conservatives frequently cite envy instead. Research and theory suggest that two particularly important contextual questions with respect to emotional reactions to wealth are its source (inherited or earned), and how that wealth is put to use, which could interactively and differentially influence liberals’ and conservatives’ reactions to affluent individuals. The current study aimed to empirically address whether liberals actually are more prone to envy than conservatives, both in general and in response to specific wealthy people of different backgrounds. Participants (N = 800) reported their reactions to ostensibly-real, wealthy entrepreneurs described in articles from a business news website. Liberals tended to respond with slightly more envy than conservatives across conditions, and controlling for several potential confounding factors, liberal political ideology was weakly positively correlated with dispositional envy. People across the political spectrum responded with greater envy in response to wealthy entrepreneurs who harmed others in the pursuit of wealth than entrepreneurs who did not harm others. However, liberals’ envy was increased more strongly by entrepreneurial harm-doing than conservatives’, and this difference was explained by greater perceived harm and unfairness. On the other hand, only conservatives reacted with greater envy to entrepreneurs who inherited their wealth rather than having earned it through hard work. Especially because, in addition to envy, liberals felt somewhat more resentment, moral disgust, and anger toward the wealthy entrepreneurs, further research will be necessary to fully understand the role of political ideology in reactions to affluent people

Effect of disorder on transport properties in a tight-binding model for lead halide perovskites

The hybrid organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite materials have emerged as remarkable materials for photovoltaic applications. Their strengths include good electric transport properties in spite of the disorder inherent in them. Motivated by this observation, we analyze the effects of disorder on the energy eigenstates of a tight-binding model of these materials. In particular, we analyze the spatial extension of the energy eigenstates, which is quantified by the inverse participation ratio. This parameter exhibits a tendency, and possibly a phase transition, to localization as the on-site energy disorder strength is increased. However, we argue that the disorder in the lead halide perovskites corresponds to a point in the regime of highly delocalized states. Our results also suggest that the electronic states of mixed-halide materials tend to be more localized than those of pure materials, which suggests a weaker tendency to form extended bonding states in the mixed-halide materials and is therefore not favourable for halide mixing.Comment: 24 pages (preprint), 11 figure

Bethe-Salpeter Approach for Meson-Meson Scattering in Chiral Perturbation Theory

The Bethe-Salpeter equation restores exact elastic unitarity in the s- channel by summing up an infinite set of chiral loops. We use this equation to show how a chiral expansion can be undertaken by successive approximations to the potential which should be iterated. Renormalizability of the amplitudes in a broad sense can be achieved by allowing for an infinite set of counter-terms as it is the case in ordinary Chiral Perturbation Theory. Within this framework we calculate the $\pi \pi$ scattering amplitudes both for s- and p-waves at lowest order in the proposed expansion where a successful description of the low-lying resonances ($\sigma$ and $\rho$) and threshold parameters is obtained. We also extract the SU(2) low energy parameters ${\bar l}_{1,2,3,4}$ from our amplitudes.Comment: 11 pages, final version submitted to PL

The Role of Leaders in Managing Envy and its Consequences for Competition in Organizations

Leaders in organizations face numerous challenges. Among these is helping employees cope with the fact that, over time, some in the organization will succeed and some will fail, leading to potentially disruptive emotions. One of the leader’s roles is to understand and manage these emotions to ensure they do not result in negative interpersonal or organizational outcomes. Further, through their words and deeds, leaders can foster a culture in which more positive emotional reactions to others’ fortunes are more likely to occur, ultimately benefitting the individuals involved and the organization as a whole. Although there are numerous possible reactions to the positive and negative fortunes of others, this chapter will focus mainly on benign or malicious envy in response to another’s success and the implications of these two types of envy for destructive or constructive responses to a successful other. We will give particular attention to one example of the consequences of malicious envy, schadenfreude, pleasure when the more fortunate other suffers a setback. We will examine why malicious envy creates the conditions for schadenfreude and suggest how leaders can prevent it from harming their organizations. We will suggest that leaders, through their influence on employee’s perceptions of justice, feelings of control, and organizational culture, can shape their envy so that it is benign rather than malicious in nature -- thus minimizing negative responses and promoting positive responses instead

Monte Carlo Renormalization of the 3-D Ising model: Analyticity and Convergence

We review the assumptions on which the Monte Carlo renormalization technique is based, in particular the analyticity of the block spin transformations. On this basis, we select an optimized Kadanoff blocking rule in combination with the simulation of a d=3 Ising model with reduced corrections to scaling. This is achieved by including interactions with second and third neighbors. As a consequence of the improved analyticity properties, this Monte Carlo renormalization method yields a fast convergence and a high accuracy. The results for the critical exponents are y_H=2.481(1) and y_T=1.585(3).Comment: RevTeX, 4 PostScript file

Waternood-toepassing voor het gebied Einderbeek-Schoorkuilen; de reconstructie van een vennen-ecosysteem

Voor het voormalige vennengebied Einderbeek - Schoorkuilen is met het Waternoodinstrument berekend hoe kansrijk de plannen zijn om in dat gebied een vennenecosysteem in oude luister te herstellen. Het herstellen van het ven houdt in de praktijk in afgraven van het zand, afkomstig uit het Kanaal Wessem - Nederweert, dat er begin 20ste eeuw in is gedeponeerd. Tezamen met het verhogen van het grondwaterpeil door het opzetten van het peil in de Einderbeek resulteert dit in de vorming van plassen. Hierin ontstaat als het goed is vanuit de zaadbank, die nog in de oorspronkelijke venbodem aanwezig is, de gewenste watervegetatie van de Fonteinkruidklasse en het Oeverkruidverbond (Littorellion). In het hydrologische model dat voor het gebied bestond zijn kleine aanpassingen aangebracht om de geplande situatie beter te modelleren. Uit de berekeningen blijkt dat in het ven en de zeer directe omgeving ervan het beoogde natuurdoeltype een grote kans van slagen heeft; de doelrealisaties liggen tegen de 100%. Dit wordt bevestigd door de ontwikkelingen in het `Schoorwater¿, een proefplas die is gegraven aan de oostkant van het gebied waarin binnen enkele jaren het Oeverkruidverbond is verschenen. De overige beoogde natuurdoeltypen hebben weinig kans van slagen. Voor de landbouwpercelen die rondom het gebied liggen blijken de hydrologische maatregelen die nodig zijn om het vennen-ecosysteem te realiseren niet tot grote schades te leide

Population balances combined with computational fluid dynamics : a modeling approach for dispersive mixing in a high pressure homogenizer

High pressure homogenization is at the heart of many emulsification processes in the food, personal care and pharmaceutical industry. The droplet size distribution is an important property for product quality and is aimed to be controlled in the process. Therefore a population balance model was built in order to predict the droplet size distribution subject to various hydrodynamic conditions found in a high pressure homogenizer. The hydrodynamics were simulated using Computational Fluid Dynamics and the turbulence was modeled with a RANS k–e model. The high energy zone in the high pressure homogenizer was divided into four compartments. The compartments had to be small enough to secure nearly homogeneous turbulent dissipation rates but large enough to hold a population of droplets. A population balance equation describing breakage and coalescence of oil droplets in turbulent flow was solved for every compartment. One set of parameters was found which could describe the development of the droplet size distribution in the high pressure homogenizer with varying pressure drop. An improvement of 65% was found compared to the same model containing just one compartment. The compartment approach may provide an alternative to direct coupling of CFD and population balances