Global urban environmental change drives adaptation in white clover

Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world. Variation in the strength of clines was explained by environmental changes in drought stress and vegetation cover that varied among cities. Sequencing 2074 genomes from 26 cities revealed that the evolution of urban-rural clines was best explained by adaptive evolution, but the degree of parallel adaptation varied among cities. Our results demonstrate that urbanization leads to adaptation at a global scale

Recommendations for Imaging Patients With Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices (CIEDs)

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/167421/1/jmri27320.pdfhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/167421/2/jmri27320_am.pd

Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance

Poster presentation A novel center point trajectory model for cardiac wall motion abnormality assessment compared with echocardiography strai

© 2008 Fung et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. Purpose

2118 Contrast Inflow Dynamics MRA (CIDA) with automatic triggering:novel approach for ECG-gated dynamic contrast enhanced MR