Análisis del aprovechamiento de oportunidades de aprendizaje generadas en la discusión en gran grupo de un problema de transformaciones geométricas

Esta comunicación trata sobre el aprovechamiento de las oportunidades de aprendizaje matemático generadas en una discusión en gran grupo de un problema de transformaciones geométricas en el que se utiliza GeoGebra para su resolución. Para ello se toman datos de cómo los alumnos de un grupo de 3º de la E.S.O. abordan el problema en un aula en dos momentos: antes de la discusión y tras la discusión. Esto permite observar la trayectoria de aprendizaje realizado. Se ejemplifica el estudio con una alumna. En el análisis se utilizan técnicas de lógica borrosa gracias a las cuales se definen distintos niveles de conocimiento procedimental que muestra la alumna en los dos momentos. A través de un sistema de reglas borrosas se obtienen distintos grados de aprovechamiento de las oportunidades de aprendizaje que se logran expresar a través de un párrafo

Fine-tuning the BFOLDS fire regime module to support the assessment of fire-related functions and services in a changing Mediterranean mountain landscape

Fire simulation models are useful to advance fire research and improve landscape management. However, a better understanding of these tools is crucial to increase their reliability and expansion into research fields where their application remains limited (e.g., ecosystem services). We evaluated several components of the BFOLDS Fire Regime Module and then tested its ability to simulate fire regime attributes in a Mediterranean mountainous landscape. Based on model outputs, we assessed the landscape fire regulation capacity over time and its implications for supporting the climate regulation ecosystem service. We found that input data quality and the adjustment of fuel and fire behaviour parameters are crucial to accurately emulating key fire regime attributes. Besides, the high predictive capacity shown by BFOLDS-FRM allows to reliably inform the planning and sustainable management of fire-prone mountainous areas of the Mediterranean. Moreover, we identified and discussed modelling limitations and made recommendations to improve future model applications.A. Sil received support from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) through Ph.D. Grant SFRH/BD/132838/2017, funded by the Ministry of Science, Technology and Higher Education, and by the European Social Fund - Operational Program Human Capital within the 2014–2020 EU Strategic Framework. P.M. Fernandes contributed in the framework of the UIDB/04033/2020 project, funded by the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Next-generation sequencing as a promising approach for assessing the entomological origin of honey

Honey is a food widely consumed worldwide and much appreciated for its nutritional and organoleptic properties as well as for its beneficial health effects. However, honey is also considered one of the foods most prone to be adulterated either by the admixing of honey with lower quality, by the addition of sugars, or by mislabeling of botanical and geographical origins, among other possible frauds.1 Therefore, typically, honey authentication has focused mainly on the development of techniques targeting these types of frauds. Recently, increased attention has been paid to honey’s entomological origin since it also relates with geographical origin whose label non-compliances are difficult to detect. Moreover, in the current context where native honeybees are increasingly threatened by introgression, due to the use of exotic queens, preservation of honeybee subspecies in their native ranges, to which they are better adapted, is perceived as of high importance. In this sense, valorisation of the honey produced by native subspecies has been suggested as a possible approach to generate higher income for beekeepers, contributing to the development of rural regions and of sustainable beekeeping based on conservation strategiesThe authors are grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support by national funds FCT/MCTES to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020), to Fenapícola and Capemel for supplying the Portuguese honeys, to Dr. Antonio Nanetti (CREA-AA) for the Italian honeys and to António Pajuelo (Pajuelo Consultores Apícolas S.L.) for the Spanish honeys. D. Henriques is supported by the project BeeHappy (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029871) funded by FEDER, COMPETE 2020-POCI and FCT and A. Quaresma by the PhD scholarship funded by the FCT (DFA/BD/5155/2020)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Innovative development of pasta with the addition of fish by-products from two species

The fish industry generates by-products that are still nutrient-rich. Its incorporation in pasta production could be an interesting option to get functional food. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare the nutritional composition, technological properties and sensory quality of two pastas containing tuna and sea bass by-products, separately. Durum wheat semolina and fish by-product concentrates were used in pasta manufacturing. Fatty acids profile, optimal cooking time, texture profile analysis, color, weight gain, swelling index, cooking losses and moisture were determined and compared with a non-containing fish reference. A sensory analysis was also carried out. In general, results showed a higher content of fatty acids in tuna pasta than in sea bass pasta. The texture profile analysis (TPA) showed lower hardness and fracturability in the fish pasta. Cohesiveness was higher in the tuna pasta while sea bass pasta was brighter. Fish incorporation caused a decrease in weight gain and swelling index and an increase in cooking losses. Sensory analysis established differences in homogeneity, typical aroma, fish flavor, fish odor and elasticity. It was concluded that the use of these by-products results in a more nutritious pasta although tuna content should be reduced (<3%) to improve its sensory profile

Development of a new approach based on NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1(ND1) marker and high resolution melting (HRM) analysis towards the authentication of the geographical origin of honey

In the present study, an approach for verifying the geographical origin of honey based on its entomological origin is proposed. The method was developed based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of a new markercontaining different single nucleotide polymorphisms characteristic of honeybees of different mitochondrial (mtDNA) lineages, therefore generating different fluorescent curves on HRM analysis. The method was successfully applied to honeys from Portugal and Italy, expected to be from lineages A and C, respectively, demonstrating their origin compliance.The authors are grateful to Programa Nacional Apícola 2020-2022 for funding the project “AUTENT+ Desenvolvimento de abordagens inovadoras com vista à valorização e exploração do potencial de mercado do mel Português”, to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support by national funds FCT/MCTES to CIMO UIDB/00690/2020, to Fenapícola and Capemel for supplying the Portuguese honeys and to Dr. Antonio Nanetti (CREA-AA) for the Italian honeys. D. Henriques is supported by the project Bee Happy (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029871) funded by FEDER, COMPETE 2020-POCIand FCT and A.R. Lopes by the PhD scholarship funded by the FCT SFRH/BD/143627/2019.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

High resolution melting analysis of a COI mini-barcode as a simple approach for the entomological authentication of honey

Honey is highly valued for its taste, aroma, content in bioactive compounds and for being a natural food. In the European Union (EU), market demand for honey is higher than the domestic production and therefore a substantial amount of honey is imported. According to a 2014 European Parliament report on fraud in the food chain, honey was ranked as the 6th food product most prone to adulterateration.1 Up until now, honey authenticity addressed mainly sugars addition and botanical origin. However, an increased attention has recently been paid to honey entomological origin as it also relates to its geographical origin since honeybees carrying mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of distinct ancestries can be found across Europe. While in Portugal the predominant mtDNA of the autochthonous subspecies Apis mellifera iberiensis belongs to the A-lineage, when moving towards the northeastern part of the Iberian Peninsula this lineage is gradually replaced by the M-lineage. The native distribution of the M-lineage A. m. mellifera expands from the Pyrenees to Scandinavia and from the British Isles to the Ural Mountains while the C-lineage A. m. ligustica and A. m. carnica are naturally found in the Apennine and Balkan peninsulas, respectivelyThis work was funded by the project-2022, financed by IFAP. The authors are also grateful to the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT, Portugal) for financial support by national funds FCT/MCTES to CIMO (UIDB/00690/2020), to Fenapícola and Capemel for supplying the Portuguese honeys, to Dr. Antonio Nanetti (CREA-AA) for the Italian honeys and to António Pajuelo (Pajuelo Consultores Apícolas S.L.) for the Spanish honeys. D. Henriques is supported by the project BeeHappy (POCI-01-0145-FEDER-029871) funded by FEDER, COMPETE 2020-POCI and FCT. A. R. Lopes and A. Quaresma acknowledge the PhD scholarship funded by the FCT (SFRH/BD/143627/2019 and DFA/BD/5155/2020, respectively).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Using the ‘regime shift' concept in addressing social-ecological change : Social-ecological regime shifts

‘Regime shift’ has emerged as a key concept in the environmental sciences. The concept has roots in complexity science and its ecological applications, and is increasingly applied to intertwined social and ecological phenomena. Yet what exactly is a regime shift? We explore this question at three nested levels. First, we propose a broad, contingent, multi-perspective epistemological basis for the concept, seeking to build bridges between its complexity theory origins and critiques from science studies, political ecology, and environmental history. Second, we define the concept in a way that is consistent with this epistemology, building on previous work on speed, scale, stickiness, and interrelationships, but also emphasising human perceptions and rhetorical uses of the notion. Third, we propose a novel typology of the ways in which the regime shift concept is used in analysing social–environmental phenomena in geography and beyond. These uses are categorised along two axes. On the one side, we distinguish between description of past or present changes and normative prescriptions for the future. On the other side, we distinguish between whether the focus is on material shifts (social and ecological) or conceptual shifts (discourses and ideas). We illustrate the typology with reference to social–environmental changes in landscapes around the world that are dominated by plantations or the widespread naturalisation of Australian Acacia species. We conclude that the regime shift concept is a boundary object with value as both an analytical and communicative tool in addressing social–environmental challenges

Farmland abandonment decreases the fire regulation capacity and the fire protection ecosystem service in mountain landscapes

This study explored and applied the concepts of Fire Regulation Capacity (FRC) and Fire Protection Ecosystem Service (FPES) in the assessment of the effects of landscape change in a mountain fire-prone landscape in Portugal. We adopted a modeling and simulation approach using BFOLDS-FRM with landscape data for years 1990 and 2006 (observed) and with three landscape scenarios for 2020. Proxy indicators for FRC (burned area and fire intensity) and for economic damage by fire (loss of provisioning ES) were used to establish trends in the supply and value of FPES. We found decreased FRC to restrain simulated fires burning over 100 ha from 1990 on and to regulate Very High and Extreme fire intensity levels, particularly under our 2020 scenario of Forest expansion. FPES is also expected to decrease, as indicated by higher fire-related damages, particularly if fuel hazard increases in the landscape. However, there were differences among scenarios, suggesting potential tradeoffs between FPES and the supply of provisioning ES. Planning and management in this and similar areas experiencing farmland abandonment must consider fire trends and patterns, since landscape change is a major driver affecting FRC and FPES, which may further be decreased by future climatic conditions.Â. Sil received support from the Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) through Ph.D Grant SFRH/BD/132838/2017. This research was partially funded by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) through the Operational Programme for Competitiveness Factors–COMPETE and by Portuguese national funds through the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) under the projects PTDC/AAG-MAA/4539/2012/FCOMP-01-0124-FEDER- 027863 (IND_CHANGE) and UID/AGR/04033/2019. We thank two anonymous reviewers and the editor for extremely valuable comments and suggestions on the manuscript.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

A classe Cytisetea scopario-striati em Portugal continental

Giestais são a designação vulgar em português para as comunidades silicícolas que se inserem na classe Cytisetea scopario-striati e são dominadas por espécies de leguminosas dos géneros Cytisus, Genista, Adenocarpus e Retama. Esta classe tem o seu óptimo na Península Ibérica e representa normalmente as orlas ou etapas de regressão de bosques climácicos da Quercetalia roboris e da Quercion broteroi. No presente trabalho apresentam-se as diversas comunidades da classe Cytisetea scopario-striati que ocorrem em Portugal continental. Propõem-se os seguintes novos sintáxones: Ulici latebracteati-Cytisetum striati cytisetosum grandiflori, Cytiso multiflori-Retametum sphaerocarpae cytisetosum scoparii, Cytiso multiflori-Retametum sphaerocarpae cytisetosum eriocarpi, Cytisetum cabezudo

Community structure informs species geographic distributions

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Public Library of Science via the DOI in this recordUnderstanding what determines species’ geographic distributions is crucial for assessing global change threats to biodiversity. Measuring limits on distributions is usually, and necessarily, done with data at large geographic extents and coarse spatial resolution. However, survival of individuals is determined by processes that happen at small spatial assembly processes occurring at small scales, and are often available for relatively extensive areas, so could be useful for explaining species distributions. We demonstrate that Bayesian Network Inference (BNI) can overcome several challenges to including community structure into studies of species distributions, despite having been little used to date. We hypothesized that the relative abundance of coexisting species can improve predictions of species distributions. In 1570 assemblages of 68 Mediterranean woody plant species we used BNI to incorporate community structure into Species Distribution Models (SDMs), alongside environmental information. Information on species associations improved SDM predictions of community structure and species distributions moderately, though for some habitat specialists the deviance explained increased by up to 15%. We demonstrate that most species associations (95%) were positive and occurred between species with ecologically similar traits. This suggests that SDM improvement could be because species co-occurrences are a proxy for local ecological processes. Our study shows that Bayesian Networks, when interpreted carefully, can be used to include local conditions into measurements of species’ large-scale distributions, and this information can improve the predictions of species distributionsThis work was funded by FCT Project “QuerCom” (EXPL/AAG-GLO/2488/2013) and the ERA-Net BiodivERsA project “EC21C” (BIODIVERSA/0003/2011). A.M.N. was supported by a Bolsa de Investigacao de Pos-doutoramento (BI_Pos-Doc_UEvora_Catedra Rui Nabeiro_EXPL_AAG-GLO_2488_2013) and postdoctoral fellowships from the Ministry of Economy and Competitivity (FPDI-2013-16266 and IJCI‐2015‐23498). MGM acknowledges support by a Marie Curie Intra-European Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme (FORECOMM). J. Vicente is supported by POPH/FSE funds and by National Funds through FCT - Foundation for Science and Technology under the Portuguese Science Foundation (FCT) through Post-doctoral grant SFRH/BPD/84044/2012. AE has a postdoctoral contract funded by the project CN-17-022 (Principado de Asturias, Spain). We are grateful to OneGeology for providing the geological data