87 research outputs found
Ischemic Preconditioning Improves Microvascular Endothelial Function in Remote Vasculature by Enhanced Prostacyclin Production.
BACKGROUND The mechanisms underlying the effect of preconditioning on remote microvasculature remains undisclosed. The primary objective was to document the remote effect of ischemic preconditioning on microvascular function in humans. The secondary objective was to test if exercise also induces remote microvascular effects. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 12 healthy young men and women participated in 2 experimental days in a random counterbalanced order. On one day the participants underwent 4×5 minutes of forearm ischemic preconditioning, and on the other day they completed 4×5 minutes of hand-grip exercise. On both days, catheters were placed in the brachial and femoral artery and vein for infusion of acetylcholine, sodium nitroprusside, and epoprostenol. Vascular conductance was calculated from blood flow measurements with ultrasound Doppler and arterial and venous blood pressures. Ischemic preconditioning enhanced (P<0.05) the remote vasodilator response to intra-arterial acetylcholine in the leg at 5 and 90 minutes after application. The enhanced response was associated with a 6-fold increase (P<0.05) in femoral venous plasma prostacyclin levels and with a transient increase (P<0.05) in arterial plasma levels of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and vascular endothelial growth factor. In contrast, hand-grip exercise did not influence remote microvascular function. CONCLUSIONS These findings demonstrate that ischemic preconditioning of the forearm improves remote microvascular endothelial function and suggest that one of the underlying mechanisms is a humoral-mediated potentiation of prostacyclin formation
Ionization of 1D and 3D oriented asymmetric top molecules by intense circularly polarized femtosecond laser pulses
We present a combined experimental and theoretical study on strong-field
ionization of a three-dimensionally oriented asymmetric top molecule,
benzonitrile (CHN), by circularly polarized, nonresonant femtosecond
laser pulses. Prior to the interaction with the strong field, the molecules are
quantum-state selected using a deflector, and 3-dimensionally (3D) aligned and
oriented adiabatically using an elliptically polarized laser pulse in
combination with a static electric field. A characteristic splitting in the
molecular frame photoelectron momentum distribution reveals the position of the
nodal planes of the molecular orbitals from which ionization occurs. The
experimental results are supported by a theoretical tunneling model that
includes and quantifies the splitting in the momentum distribution. The focus
of the present article is to understand strong-field ionization from
3D-oriented asymmetric top molecules, in particular the suppression of electron
emission in nodal planes of molecular orbitals. In the preceding article
[Dimitrovski et al., Phys. Rev. A 83, 023405 (2011)] the focus is to understand
the strong-field ionization of one-dimensionally-oriented polar molecules, in
particular asymmetries in the emission direction of the photoelectrons.Comment: 12 pages, 9 figure
Imaging Molecular Structure through Femtosecond Photoelectron Diffraction on Aligned and Oriented Gas-Phase Molecules
This paper gives an account of our progress towards performing femtosecond
time-resolved photoelectron diffraction on gas-phase molecules in a pump-probe
setup combining optical lasers and an X-ray Free-Electron Laser. We present
results of two experiments aimed at measuring photoelectron angular
distributions of laser-aligned 1-ethynyl-4-fluorobenzene (C8H5F) and
dissociating, laseraligned 1,4-dibromobenzene (C6H4Br2) molecules and discuss
them in the larger context of photoelectron diffraction on gas-phase molecules.
We also show how the strong nanosecond laser pulse used for adiabatically
laser-aligning the molecules influences the measured electron and ion spectra
and angular distributions, and discuss how this may affect the outcome of
future time-resolved photoelectron diffraction experiments.Comment: 24 pages, 10 figures, Faraday Discussions 17
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The relevance of rich club regions for functional outcome post-stroke is enhanced in women
This study aimed to investigate the influence of stroke lesions in predefined highly interconnected (rich-club) brain regions on functional outcome post-stroke, determine their spatial specificity and explore the effects of biological sex on their relevance. We analyzed MRI data recorded at index stroke and similar to 3-months modified Rankin Scale (mRS) data from patients with acute ischemic stroke enrolled in the multisite MRI-GENIE study. Spatially normalized structural stroke lesions were parcellated into 108 atlas-defined bilateral (sub)cortical brain regions. Unfavorable outcome (mRS > 2) was modeled in a Bayesian logistic regression framework. Effects of individual brain regions were captured as two compound effects for (i) six bilateral rich club and (ii) all further non-rich club regions. In spatial specificity analyses, we randomized the split into "rich club" and "non-rich club" regions and compared the effect of the actual rich club regions to the distribution of effects from 1000 combinations of six random regions. In sex-specific analyses, we introduced an additional hierarchical level in our model structure to compare male and female-specific rich club effects. A total of 822 patients (age: 64.7[15.0], 39% women) were analyzed. Rich club regions had substantial relevance in explaining unfavorable functional outcome (mean of posterior distribution: 0.08, area under the curve: 0.8). In particular, the rich club-combination had a higher relevance than 98.4% of random constellations. Rich club regions were substantially more important in explaining long-term outcome in women than in men. All in all, lesions in rich dub regions were associated with increased odds of unfavorable outcome. These effects were spatially specific and more pronounced in women.Peer reviewe
Attoclock reveals natural coordinates of the laser-induced tunnelling current flow in atoms
Pure samples of individual conformers: The separation of stereoisomers of complex molecules using electric fields
Contains fulltext :
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Reine Proben einzelner Konformere: Die Trennung von Stereoisomeren komplexer MolekĂĽle mittels elektrischer Felder.
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