AN EXAMINATION OF ELEMENTARY PHYSICAL EDUCATION TEACHERS’ PERCEIVED SELF-EFFICACY TOWARD TEACHING CHILDREN WITH ORTHOPEDIC IMPAIRMENTS IN MONTANA: DO TEACHERS FEEL COMPETENT?

An Examination of elementary physical education teachers\u27 perceived self-efficacy toward teaching children with orthopedic impairments in Montana: Do teachers feel competent? Chairperson: Dr. Arthur Miller The purpose of this study was to explore elementary physical educators\u27 self-efficacy beliefs toward teaching children with orthopedic impairments in general physical education class and identify adapted physical education teacher training needs in Montana. The method for this study is based on the Physical Educators\u27 Self-Efficacy Toward Including Students with Disabilities - Autism (PESEISD-A) (Talliaferro et al, 2010) electronic survey instrument and Bandura\u27s (2006) guidelines. A modification of the PESEISD-A instrument was utilized to examine physical educators\u27 self-efficacy toward teaching students with orthopedic impairments (PESEISD-OI) with elementary physical educators in Montana (N=83). Findings indicated that the lowest levels of self-efficacy were in regards to assessing motor skills, modifying equipment and activities, and teachers with higher levels of self-efficacy perceived less challenges toward teaching students with orthopedic impairments. Teachers who taught in towns of 20,000 – 50,000 in population were significantly less efficacious than teachers in all other size towns, whereas participants in small rural towns (less than 2,500 in population) were the most efficacious. Additionally, teachers who earned undergraduate and graduate credits in adapted physical education and those with coursework in both special education and adapted physical education were positively correlated with perceived self-efficacy toward teaching students with orthopedic impairments. Finally, a significant positive relationship was found between teachers\u27 perceived self-efficacy in self-efficacy beliefs based on their perception of their undergraduate teacher preparation. This study provides useful data for higher education in regards to pre-service teacher preparation coursework and practicum experiences. Furthermore, this information will assist the Montana Office of Public Instruction in identifying professional development opportunities to ensure that all children with disabilities receive “free and appropriate” education designed to meet their unique needs in a successful, inclusive environment

Heterogeneous cavitation from atomically smooth liquid-liquid interfaces

Pressure reduction in liquids may result in vaporization and bubble formation. This thermodynamic process is termed cavitation. It is commonly observed in hydraulic machinery, ship propellers, and even in medical therapy within the human body. While cavitation may be beneficial for the removal of malign tissue, yet in many cases it is unwanted due to its ability to erode nearly any material in close contact. Current understanding is that the origin of heterogeneous cavitation are nucleation sites where stable gas cavities reside, e.g., on contaminant particles, submerged surfaces or shell stabilized microscopic bubbles. Here, we present the finding of a so far unreported nucleation site, namely the atomically smooth interface between two immiscible liquids. The non-polar liquid of the two has a higher gas solubility and acts upon pressure reduction as a gas reservoir that accumulates at the interface. We describe experiments that clearly reveal the formation of cavitation on non-polar droplets in contact with water and elucidate the working mechanism that leads to the nucleation of gas pockets through simulations.Comment: This preprint has not undergone peer review or any post-submission improvements or corrections. The Version of Record of this article is published in Nature Physics, and is available online at https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-022-01764-

A method to rationalize the product portfolio in retail stores

Retail store operations face a variety of challenges and complexities. Determining the best assortment is the main problem in the retail store. This re-search presents a practical methodology for the analysis of products in the assortment with the goal of reducing the excess items and improve sales and profit margin of a retail store without affecting customer satisfaction. The methodology integrates 6 steps that allow to optimize products of a portfolio in categories, sub categories and segments, through Pareto analysis and clustering analysis using the BCG matrix. The methodology was applied in an independent supermarket. The results in the case of the application for non-perishable products, allowed to identify a set of different products (n = 152), of which they were prioritized in a subcategory (oils) in which 90 products were prioritized. In the example, it shows how 21 products have significant results in the variety of products. The combination of the global and local category of the product, the net profit, the inventory rotation and the participation of the growth provides a multifactorial analysis in the decision-making to supply with products a retail store seeking to increase the level of service and maximizing profits

Diagnostico financiero y análisis bursátil de la empresa Bavaria y CIA S.A.S

Con este proyecto queremos plasmar de forma específica según los estudios y análisis de los diferentes indicadores de la empresa Bavaria SA su posición financiera y su comportamiento en el mercado, desde un punto de vista analítico y a través del hallazgo de sus diferentes indicadores financieros. Así se puede determinar sus competencias desarrolladas en todos los aspectos en los cuales la empresa quiso incursionar y así mismo ver si su desarrollo económico fue el esperado según los pronósticos de la empresa, así mismo su valor en competencia frente al mercado y sus competidores y su comportamiento en el mercado bursátil. Para ello incursionamos en las etapas respectivamente anteriores los cuales pudieran completar todo el año fiscal como lo fueron los años 2020,2021 y 2022 respectivamente, gracias a la incursión de sus estados financieros pudimos partir de la idea inicial del desarrollo de nuestro análisis financiero y con estos datos precisos pudimos hallar diferentes indicadores como lo fueron los análisis verticales, horizontales, indicadores de apalancamiento, de deuda, costo de patrimonio entre otros indispensables para nuestro pronóstico. Bajo estos parámetros y con la ayuda de conceptos básicos del área financiera de diferentes autores y conocedores del tema pudimos desarrollar este análisis el cual nos permitió conocer mucho más de cerca las bases del mundo financiero de una empresa de alto prestigio como lo fue Bavaria y así mismo logramos plasmar lo solicitado en nuestro proyecto.With this project we want to capture in a specific way according to the studies and analysis of the different indicators of the company Bavaria SA its financial position and its behavior in the market, from an analytical point of view and through the discovery of its different financial indicators. In this way, it is possible to determine its developed competencies in all the aspects in which the company wanted to venture and also see if its economic development was as expected according to the company's forecasts, as well as its value in competition against the market and its competitors and its behavior in the stock market. To do this, we ventured into the previous stages respectively which could complete the entire fiscal year as were the years 2020, 2021 and 2022 respectively, thanks to the incursion of their financial statements we were able to start from the initial idea of the development of our financial analysis and with these precise data we were able to find different indicators such as vertical analyses, horizontal indicators, leverage indicators, debt indicators, cost of equity, among others essential for our forecast. Under these parameters and with the help of basic concepts of the financial area from different authors and experts on the subject, we were able to develop this analysis, which allowed us to know much more closely the bases of the financial world of a highly prestigious company such as Bavaria and we were also able to capture what was requested in our project

Ixodes persulcatus Ticks as Vectors for the Babesia microti U.S. Lineage in Japan

The U.S. lineage, one of the major clades in the Babesia microti group, is known as a causal agent of human babesiosis mostly in the northeastern and upper midwestern United States. This lineage, however, also is distributed throughout the temperate zone of Eurasia with several reported human cases, although convincing evidence of the identity of the specific vector(s) in this area is lacking. Here, the goal was to demonstrate the presence of infectious parasites directly in salivary glands of Ixodes persulcatus, from which U.S. lineage genetic sequences have been detected in Asia, and to molecularly characterize the isolates. Five PCR-positive specimens were individually inoculated into hamsters, resulting in infections in four; consequently, four strains were newly established. Molecular characterization, including 18S rRNA, β-tubulin, and CCT7 gene sequences, as well as Western blot analysis and indirect fluorescent antibody assay, revealed that all four strains were identical to each other and to the U.S. lineage strains isolated from rodents captured in Japan. The 18S rRNA gene sequence from the isolates was identical to those from I. persulcatus in Russia and China, but the genetic and antigenic profiles of the Japanese parasites differ from those in the United States and Europe. Together with previous epidemiological and transmission studies, we conclude that I. persulcatus is likely the principal vector for the B. microti U.S. lineage in Japan and presumably in northeastern Eurasia. IMPORTANCE The major cause of human babesiosis, the tick-borne blood parasite Babesia microti, U.S. lineage, is widely distributed in the temperate Northern Hemisphere. However, the specific tick vector(s) remains unidentified in Eurasia, where there are people with antibodies to the B. microti U.S. lineage and cases of human babesiosis. In this study, the first isolation of B. microti U.S. lineage from Ixodes persulcatus ticks, a principal vector for many tick-borne diseases, is described in Japan. Limited antigenic cross-reaction was found between the Japan and United States isolates. Thus, current serological tests based on U.S. isolates may underestimate B. microti occurrence outside the United States. This study and previous studies indicate that I. persulcatus is part of the B. microti U.S. lineage life cycle in Japan and, presumably, northeastern Eurasia. This report will be important for public health, especially since infection may occur through transfusion, and also to researchers in the field of parasitology

Novel insights into iron metabolism by integrating deletome and transcriptome analysis in an iron deficiency model of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Iron-deficiency anemia is the most prevalent form of anemia world-wide. The yeast <it>Saccharomyces cerevisiae </it>has been used as a model of cellular iron deficiency, in part because many of its cellular pathways are conserved. To better understand how cells respond to changes in iron availability, we profiled the yeast genome with a parallel analysis of homozygous deletion mutants to identify essential components and cellular processes required for optimal growth under iron-limited conditions. To complement this analysis, we compared those genes identified as important for fitness to those that were differentially-expressed in the same conditions. The resulting analysis provides a global perspective on the cellular processes involved in iron metabolism.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Using functional profiling, we identified several genes known to be involved in high affinity iron uptake, in addition to novel genes that may play a role in iron metabolism. Our results provide support for the primary involvement in iron homeostasis of vacuolar and endosomal compartments, as well as vesicular transport to and from these compartments. We also observed an unexpected importance of the peroxisome for growth in iron-limited media. Although these components were essential for growth in low-iron conditions, most of them were not differentially-expressed. Genes with altered expression in iron deficiency were mainly associated with iron uptake and transport mechanisms, with little overlap with those that were functionally required. To better understand this relationship, we used expression-profiling of selected mutants that exhibited slow growth in iron-deficient conditions, and as a result, obtained additional insight into the roles of <it>CTI6</it>, <it>DAP1</it>, <it>MRS4 </it>and <it>YHR045W </it>in iron metabolism.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Comparison between functional and gene expression data in iron deficiency highlighted the complementary utility of these two approaches to identify important functional components. This should be taken into consideration when designing and analyzing data from these type of studies. We used this and other published data to develop a molecular interaction network of iron metabolism in yeast.</p

La loma de la cruz somos todos

Se anexan graficas de proyeccion de ventas de autoria propiaEn este trabajo se visualiza el desarrollo de la sustentación del proyecto de emprendimiento social sostenible y sustentable como satisfactor de necesidades o problemáticas cuyo nombre es “La Loma de la Cruz somos todos”. En este se observa el aporte de los integrantes desde una perspectiva social, teniendo en cuenta la individualidad de sus integrantes y también el aspecto colectivo de los mismos buscando organizar y desarrollar un trabajo de manera responsable y por tanto de calidad.In this work, the development of the support of the sustainable and sustainable social entrepreneurship project is visualized as satisfying needs or problems whose name is "La Loma de la Cruz we are all". In this, the contribution of the members is observed from a social perspective, taking into account the individuality of its members and also the collective aspect of them, seeking to organize and develop work in a responsible and therefore quality manner

Guidelines for the Detection of Babesia and Theileria Parasites.

The genera Babesia and Theileria (phylum Apicomplexa, order Piroplasmida) are mainly transmitted by Ixodid ticks in which the sexual part of their life cycle followed by sporogony takes place. They include protozoan parasites that infect erythrocytes of a variety of vertebrate hosts, including domestic and wild animals, with some Babesia spp. also infecting humans. Babesia sporozoites transmitted in the tick's saliva during the bloodmeal directly infect erythrocytes, where they asexually multiply to produce pear-shaped merozoites in the process of merogony; whereas a pre-erythrocytic schizogonic life stage in leukocytes is found in Theileria and precedes merogony in the erythrocytes. The wide spectrum of Babesia and Theileria species and their dissimilar characteristics with relation to disease severity, transmission, epidemiology, and drug susceptibility stress the importance of accurate detection of babesiosis and theileriosis and their causative agents. These guidelines review the main methods currently used for the detection of Babesia and Theileria spp. for diagnostic purposes as well as epidemiological studies involving their vertebrate hosts and arthropod vectors. Serological methods were not included once they did not indicate current infection but rather exposure.Peer reviewe

Indicators of soil quality - Physical properties (SP1611). Final report to Defra

The condition of soil determines its ability to carry out diverse and essential functions that support human health and wellbeing. These functions (or ecosystem goods and services) include producing food, storing water, carbon and nutrients, protecting our buried cultural heritage and providing a habitat for flora and fauna. Therefore, it is important to know the condition or quality of soil and how this changes over space and time in response to natural factors (such as changing weather patterns) or to land management practices. Meaningful soil quality indicators (SQIs), based on physical, biological or chemical soil properties are needed for the successful implementation of a soil monitoring programme in England and Wales. Soil monitoring can provide decision makers with important data to target, implement and evaluate policies aimed at safeguarding UK soil resources. Indeed, the absence of agreed and well-defined SQIs is likely to be a barrier to the development of soil protection policy and its subsequent implementation. This project assessed whether physical soil properties can be used to indicate the quality of soil in terms of its capacity to deliver ecosystem goods and services. The 22 direct (e.g. bulk density) and 4 indirect (e.g. catchment hydrograph) physical SQIs defined by Loveland and Thompson (2002) and subsequently evaluated by Merrington et al. (2006), were re-visited in the light of new scientific evidence, recent policy drivers and developments in sampling techniques and monitoring methodologies (Work Package 1). The culmination of these efforts resulted in 38 direct and 4 indirect soil physical properties being identified as potential SQIs. Based on the gathered evidence, a ‘logical sieve’ was used to assess the relative strengths, weaknesses and suitability of each potential physical SQI for national scale soil monitoring. Each soil physical property was scored in terms of: soil function – does the candidate SQI reflect all soil function(s)? land use - does the candidate SQI apply to all land uses found nationally? soil degradation - can the candidate SQI express soil degradation processes? does the candidate SQI meet the challenge criteria used by Merrington et al. (2006)?This approach enabled a consistent synthesis of available information and the semi-objective, semi-quantitative and transparent assessment of indicators against a series of scientific and technical criteria (Ritz et al., 2009; Black et al., 2008). The logical sieve was shown to be a flexible decision-support tool to assist a range of stakeholders with different agenda in formulating a prioritised list of potential physical SQIs. This was explored further by members of the soil science and soils policy community at a project workshop. By emphasising the current key policy-related soil functions (i.e. provisioning and regulating), the logical sieve was used to generate scores which were then ranked to identify the most qualified SQIs. The process selected 18 candidate physical SQIs. This list was further filtered to move from the ‘narrative’ to a more ‘numerical’ approach, in order to test the robustness of the candidate SQIs through statistical analysis and modelling (Work Package 2). The remaining 7 physical SQIs were: depth of soil; soil water retention characteristics; packing density; visual soil assessment / evaluation; rate of erosion; sealing; and aggregate stability. For these SQIs to be included in a robust national soil monitoring programme, we investigated the uncertainty in their measurement; the spatial and temporal variability in the indicator as given by observed distributions; and the expected rate of change in the indicator. Whilst a baseline is needed (i.e. the current state of soil), it is the rate of change in soil properties and the implications of that change in terms of soil processes and functioning that are key to effective soil monitoring. Where empirical evidence was available, power analysis was used to understand the variability of indicators as given by the observed distributions. This process determines the ability to detect a particular change in the SQI at a particular confidence level, given the ‘noise’ or variability in the data (i.e. a particular power to detect a change of ‘X’ at a confidence level of ‘Y%’ would require ‘N’ samples). However, the evidence base for analysing the candidate SQIs is poor: data are limited in spatial and temporal extent for England and Wales, in terms of a) the degree (magnitude) of change in the SQI which significantly affects soil processes and functions (i.e. ‘meaningful change’), and b) the change in the SQI that is detectable (i.e. what sample size is needed to detect the meaningful signal from the variability or noise in the signal). This constrains the design and implementation of a scientifically and statistically rigorous and reliable soil monitoring programme. Evidence that is available suggests that what constitutes meaningful change will depend on soil type, current soil state, land use and the soil function under consideration. However, when we tested this by analysing detectable changes in packing density and soil depth (because data were available for these SQIs) over different land covers and soil types, no relationships were found. Schipper and Sparling (2000) identify the challenge: “a standardised methodology may not be appropriate to apply across contrasting soils and land uses. However, it is not practical to optimise sampling and analytical techniques for each soil and land use for extensive sampling on a national scale”. Despite the paucity in data, all seven SQIs have direct relevance to current and likely future soil and environmental policy, because they can be related (qualitatively) to soil processes, soil functions and delivery of ecosystem goods and services. Even so, meaningful and detectable changes in physical SQIs may be out of time with any soil policy change and it is not usually possible to link particular changes in SQIs to particular policy activities. This presents challenges in ascertaining trends that can feed into policy development or be used to gauge the effectiveness of soil protection policies (Work Package 3). Of the seven candidate physical SQIs identified, soil depth and surface sealing are regarded by many as indicators of soil quantity rather than quality. Visual soil evaluation is currently not suited to soil monitoring in the strictest sense, as its semi-qualitative basis cannot be analysed statistically. Also, few data exist on how visual evaluation scores relate to soil functions. However, some studies have begun to investigate how VSE might be moved to a more quantified scale and the method has some potential as a low cost field technique to assess soil condition. Packing density requires data on bulk density and clay content, both of which are highly variable, so compounding the error term associated with this physical SQI. More evidence is needed to show how ‘meaningful’ change in aggregate stability affects soil processes and thus soil functions (for example, using the limited data available, an equivocal relationship was found with water regulation / runoff generation). The analysis of available data has given promising results regarding the prediction of soil water retention characteristics and packing density from relatively easy to measure soil properties (bulk density, texture and organic C) using pedotransfer functions. Expanding the evidence base is possible with the development of rapid, cost-effective techniques such as NIR sensors to measure soil properties. Defra project SP1303 (Brazier et al., 2012) used power analyses to estimate the number of monitoring locations required to detect a statistically significant change in soil erosion rate on cultivated land. However, what constitutes a meaningful change in erosion rates still requires data on the impacts of erosion on soil functions. Priority cannot be given amongst the seven SQIs, because the evidence base for each varies in its robustness and extent. Lack of data (including uncertainty in measurement and variability in observed distributions) applies to individual SQIs; attempts at integrating more than one SQI (including physical, biological and chemical SQIs) to improve associations between soil properties and processes / functions are only likely to propagate errors. Whether existing monitoring programmes can be adapted to incorporate additional measurement of physical SQIs was explored. We considered options where one or more of the candidate physical SQIs might be implemented into soil monitoring programmes (e.g. as a new national monitoring scheme; as part of the Countryside Survey; and as part of the National Soil Inventory). The challenge is to decide whether carrying out soil monitoring that is not statistically robust is still valuable in answering questions regarding current and future soil quality. The relationship between physical (and other) SQIs, soil processes and soil functions is complex, as is how this influences ecosystem services’ delivery. Important gaps remain in even the realisation of a conceptual model for these inter-relationships, let alone their quantification. There is also a question of whether individual quantitative SQIs can be related to ecosystem services, given the number of variables

A New Heterobinuclear FeIIICuII Complex with a Single Terminal FeIII–O(phenolate) Bond. Relevance to Purple Acid Phosphatases and Nucleases

A novel heterobinuclear mixed valence complex [Fe^IIICu^II(BPBPMP)(OAc)_2]ClO_4, 1, with the unsymmetrical N_5O_2 donor ligand 2-bis[{(2-pyridylmethyl)aminomethyl}-6-{(2-hydroxybenzyl)(2-pyridylmethyl)} aminomethyl]-4-methylphenol (H_2BPBPMP) has been synthesized and characterized. A combination of data from mass spectrometry, potentiometric titrations, X-ray absorption and electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy, as well as kinetics measurements indicates that in ethanol/water solutions an [Fe^III-(nu)OH-Cu^IIOH_2]+ species is generated which is the likely catalyst for 2,4-bis(dinitrophenyl)phosphate and DNA hydrolysis. Insofar as the data are consistent with the presence of an Fe_III-bound hydroxide acting as a nucleophile during catalysis, 1 presents a suitable mimic for the hydrolytic enzyme purple acid phosphatase. Notably, 1 is significantly more reactive than its isostructural homologues with different metal composition (Fe^IIIM^II, where M^II is Zn^II, Mn^II, Ni^II,or Fe^II). Of particular interest is the observation that cleavage of double-stranded plasmid DNA occurs even at very low concentrations of 1 (2.5 nuM), under physiological conditions (optimum pH of 7.0), with a rate enhancement of 2.7 x 10^7 over the uncatalyzed reaction. Thus, 1 is one of the most effective model complexes to date, mimicking the function of nucleases