Liquid immersion apparatus for minute articles

Apparatus is disclosed for immersing minute integrated circuit chips in an etching solution in manufacturing integrated circuits during research and development. The apparatus includes a holder, having a handle and basket support for carrying a removable unitary basket and lid structure where fluid flow-through passages are formed, and wherein graduated openings in the handle provide for adjustably supporting the basket in a breaker at a desired level

Method of construction of a multi-cell solar array

The method of constructing a high voltage, low power, multicell solar array is described. A solar cell base region is formed in a substrate such as but not limited to silicon or sapphire. A protective coating is applied on the base and a patterned etching of the coating and base forms discrete base regions. A semiconductive junction and upper active region are formed in each base region, and defined by photolithography. Thus, discrete cells which are interconnected by metallic electrodes are formed

Multilevel metallization method for fabricating a metal oxide semiconductor device

An improved method is described of constructing a metal oxide semiconductor device having multiple layers of metal deposited by dc magnetron sputtering at low dc voltages and low substrate temperatures. The method provides multilevel interconnections and cross over between individual circuit elements in integrated circuits without significantly reducing the reliability or seriously affecting the yield

Companions to peculiar red giants: HR 363 and HR 1105

Recent IUE observations of two Tc-deficient S-type peculiar red giants that are also spectroscopic binaries, HR 363 and HR 1105 are reported. A 675 min SWP exposure of HR 363 shows emission lines of O I 1304 and Si II 1812 and a trace of continuum. Compared to the M giants, the far UV flux may be relatively larger, indicating a possible contribution from a white dwarf companion, but no high temperature emission lines are seen to indicate that this is an interacting system where mass-transfer recently occurred. However, HR 1105 appears to have a highly variable UV companion. In 1982, no UV flux was discerned for this system, but by 1986 C IV was strong, increasing by a factor of 3 in 1987 with prominent lines of Si III, C III, O III, Si IV, and N V. Using orbital parameters, these observations are consistent with high activity occuring when the side of the S-star primary illuminated by the companion faces the Earth, but since the IUE data were taken over 3 orbits, a secular change in the UV component cannot be excluded

Communication Deficiencies from Chimp to Child

Equating speech with language is a fallacy, declare these authors. They describe a plastic word non-speech response approach that opens a whole new vista for teaching the language-deficient child to communicate

Evaluation of harmonic suppression devices

An assessment has been conducted of five commercially available devices to determine their ability to provide clean sinusoidal voltage to nonlinear loads and to eliminate harmonic currents demanded by nonlinear loads. The devices tested were a passive series-shunt filter, a delta-wye isolation transformer, a ferroresonant magnetic synthesizer, an active power line conditioner, and an active injection mode filter. These devices were installed in existing Department of Energy facilities that had substantial non-linear loads which drew a significant harmonic current. These devices were then compared in the following categories: cancellation of harmonic currents, supply of nondistorted voltage, supply of regulated voltage, elimination of transients and impulses, efficiency, reliability, and cost

Survey of harmonics measurements in electrical distribution systems

An assessment of the harmonics found in the electrical distribution system of several buildings in the three Department of Energy (DOE) Oak Ridge plants in Tennessee has yielded several conclusions useful in the design of electrical distribution systems. A preliminary survey to determine where significant amounts of harmonic currents of voltages existed in the distribution system was performed at several buildings by comparing readings taken with true root-mean-square (RMS) multimeters and averaging multimeters (non-true RMS meters). From these measurements and subsequent calculations, facilities that appeared to have significant levels of harmonics present were analyzed with a power analyzer that could record waveforms and give the spectrum and magnitude of harmonics. Among the non-linear loads for which sample waveforms are illustrated are fluorescent lighting (both magnetic and electronic ballasts), variable frequency drives, switch mode power supplies, and uninterruptible power supplies. A discussion as to how various harmonic waveforms come about as a result of these nonlinear loads is also outlined in this paper