Dolomitization of the Hatch Hill arenites and the Burden Iron Ore

The Taconic allochthon is a sequence of Cambrian or Precambrian to Ordovician rocks. It is composed of predominantly deep water argillaceous and subordinate arenaceous and calcareous rocks that were deposited on the continental rise and slope. During the Ordovician, sediments which were earlier deposited in the slope-rise environment were incorporated into the accretionary prism of an island arc that approached from the east, and subsequently overthrust the carbonate platform. The Hatch Hill Formation is part of the Taconic sequence. It consists of dominantly black-gray slates, minor amounts of sandstones and carbonates. Previous workers have recognized the presence of dolomite and a siderite ore (the Burden Iron Ore) in these sandstones. The stratigraphic position of the siderite ore was not clear prior to this study. This study showed that the Burden Iron Ore is the basal part of the Hatch Hill Formation in the area studied, based on comparison with the northern Taconic lithologic stratigraphy. It conformably overlies the Bomoseen Formation. The contact between the Bomoseen Formation and the Hatch Hill Formation is marked by a disconformity that has not been noted elsewhere in the Taconics. The origin of the iron ore is closely related to the origin of the dolomite of the Hatch Hill Formation. It can be demonstrated that both phases occur as cements that formed after the deposition of the Hatch Hill arenites. The cements formed as a by-product of the decay and fermentation of organic matter that was probably deposited in the black-gray shales of the Hatch Hill Formation. Isotopic evidence and geochemical considerations show that the siderite cements formed after sulfate reduction was completed and that the development of dolomite cements most likely took place in the lower part of the zone of methanogenesis. Paleotemperatures determined from oxygen isotope analyses indicate that the dolomite cements probably formed at a temperature of approximately 750C, if the pore fluid was not affected by meteoric or brine waters. This would imply a depth of formation of 2-3 km, if present day geothermal gradients for a passive continental margin sequence are assumed. The formation of dolomite therefore took place during or after the deposition of the Pawlet Formation (flysch sequence)

The Geometry of the Catalytic Active Site in [FeFe]-hydrogenases is Determined by Hydrogen Bonding and Proton Transfer

[FeFe]-hydrogenases are efficient metalloenzymes that catalyze the oxidation and evolution of molecular hydrogen, H2. They serve as a blueprint for the design of synthetic H2-forming catalysts. [FeFe]-hydrogenases harbor a six-iron cofactor that comprises a [4Fe-4S] cluster and a unique diiron site with cyanide, carbonyl, and hydride ligands. To address the ligand dynamics in catalytic turnover and upon carbon monoxide (CO) inhibition, we replaced the native aminodithiolate group of the diiron site by synthetic dithiolates, inserted into wild-type and amino acid variants of the [FeFe]-hydrogenase HYDA1 from Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. The reactivity with H2 and CO was characterized using in situ and transient infrared spectroscopy, protein crystallography, quantum chemical calculations, and kinetic simulations. All cofactor variants adopted characteristic populations of reduced species in the presence of H2 and showed significant changes in CO inhibition and reactivation kinetics. Differences were attributed to varying interactions between polar ligands and the dithiolate head group and/or the environment of the cofactor (i.e., amino acid residues and water molecules). The presented results show how catalytically relevant intermediates are stabilized by inner-sphere hydrogen bonding suggesting that the role of the aminodithiolate group must not be restricted to proton transfer. These concepts may inspire the design of improved enzymes and biomimetic H2-forming catalysts

Examination of Acid-Fast Bacilli in Sputum Using Modified Light Microscope with Homemade Light Emitting Diode Additional Attachment

Typical clinical symptoms and chest X-ray is a marker of Tuberculosis (TB) sufferers. However, the diagnosis of TB in adults should be supported by microscopic examination. Currently, Bacilli microscopic examination of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) in sputum by Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) coloring is the most widely used. However, for reasons of convenience, especially for laboratories with a considerable amount of smear samples, and due to higher sensitivity compared with ZN staining, the World Health Organization (WHO) has recommended the use of auramine-O-staining (fluorochrome  staining), which is visualized by light emitting diode (LED) fluorescence microscopy. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of modified light microscope with homemade LED additional attachment for examination of AFB in sputum using auramine-O-staining method. We compared the sensitivity and specificity of 2 kinds of AFB in sputum methods: ZN and fluorochrome, using culture on Lowenstein-Jensen media as the gold standard. The results showed auramine-O-staining gives more proportion of positive findings (81%) compared to the ZN method (70%). These results demonstrated that the sensitivity of auramine-O-staining was higher than ZN, however it gives more potential false positive results than ZN. The sensitivity of auramine-O-staining in detecting AFB in sputum was 100% while the specificity was 88%

Wertorientierungen

The contributions to this volume consider the meaning and treatment of values in literature, literary analysis, and advertising in the Turkish-German context. The work of Selim Özdoğan is strongly featured alongside examinations of texts by Emine Sevgi Özdamar, Deniz Utlu, and Cihan Acar. An excerpt from the English-language translation of Özdoğan's novel The Blacksmith’s Daughter, a discussion between the author and translators, as well as reports and reviews round out the volume

Baseline MELD score predicts hepatic decompensation during antiviral therapy in patients with chronic hepatitis C and advanced cirrhosis

Background and Aims: In patients with advanced liver cirrhosis due to chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection antiviral therapy with peginterferon and ribavirin is feasible in selected cases only due to potentially life-threatening side effects. However, predictive factors associated with hepatic decompensation during antiviral therapy are poorly defined. Methods: In a retrospective cohort study, 68 patients with HCV-associated liver cirrhosis (mean MELD score 9.18±2.72) were treated with peginterferon and ribavirin. Clinical events indicating hepatic decompensation (onset of ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, upper gastrointestinal bleeding, hospitalization) as well as laboratory data were recorded at baseline and during a follow up period of 72 weeks after initiation of antiviral therapy. To monitor long term sequelae of end stage liver disease an extended follow up for HCC development, transplantation and death was applied (240weeks, ±SD 136weeks). Results: Eighteen patients (26.5%) achieved a sustained virologic response. During the observational period a hepatic decompensation was observed in 36.8%. Patients with hepatic decompensation had higher MELD scores (10.84 vs. 8.23, p14, respectively. Baseline MELD score was significantly associated with the risk for transplantation/death (p<0.001). Conclusions: Our data suggest that the baseline MELD score predicts the risk of hepatic decompensation during antiviral therapy and thus contributes to decision making when antiviral therapy is discussed in HCV patients with advanced liver cirrhosis

Lithium distribution and transfer in high-power 18650-type Li-ion cells at multiple length scales

The distribution of lithium inside electrodes of a commercial Li-ion battery of 18650-type with LiFePO$_{4}$ cathode and graphite anode is investigated on different length scales using neutron diffraction, X-ray (synchrotron-based) diffraction and X-ray computed tomography. Evolution of 2D (in-plane) lithium distribution in lithiated graphite is monitored during charge/discharge using millimeter-sized spatial resolution. Micrometer-sized details of cell organization and lithiation of both the positive and negative electrodes are obtained from diffraction-based tomography applying synchrotron radiation. In-situ lithiation of the cathode over its thickness and development of the lithium concentration front during cell charge/discharge is traced by diffraction-based profiling with a micrometer-sized synchrotron beam in a single-layer electrochemical cell

Powder diffraction computed tomography: A combined synchrotron and neutron study

Diffraction and imaging using x-rays and neutrons are widely utilized in different fields of engineering, biology, chemistry and/or materials science. The additional information gained from the diffraction signal by x-ray diffraction and computed tomography (XRD-CT) can give this method a distinct advantage in materials science applications compared to classical tomography. Its active development over the last decade revealed structural details in a non-destructive way with unprecedented sensitivity. In the current contribution an attempt to adopt the well-established XRD-CT technique for neutron diffraction computed tomography (ND-CT) is reported. A specially designed \u27phantom\u27, an object displaying adaptable contrast sufficient for both XRD-CT and ND-CT, was used for method validation. The feasibility of ND-CT is demonstrated, and it is also shown that the ND-CT technique is capable to provide a non-destructive view into the interior of the \u27phantom\u27 delivering structural information consistent with a reference XRD-CT experiment

Suicide risk and mortality among patients with cancer

Despite substantial progress in cancer therapy in recent decades, patients with cancer remain at high suicide risk. Data from individual studies have not been comprehensively quantified and specific risk factors are ill-defined. We assessed suicide mortality risk according to cancer prognosis, stage, time since diagnosis, gender, ethnicity, marital status, year of recruitment and geographic region. We searched EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, CINAHL and Google Scholar for relevant articles up to February 2021. We used a random effects model, performed meta-regression meta-analysis and assessed heterogeneity and publication bias using I², funnel plots and Egger’s and Begg’s tests. We performed a systematic review including 62 studies and 46,952,813 patients. To avoid patient sample overlap, the meta-analysis was performed on 28 studies, involving 22,407,690 patients with cancer. Suicide mortality was significantly increased compared with the general population (standardized mortality ratio = 1.85, 95% confidence interval = 1.55–2.20). Risk was strongly related to cancer prognosis, cancer stage, time since diagnosis and geographic region. Patients with cancer, particularly those with specific risk factors, should be closely monitored for suicidality and need specialized care to reduce short- and long-term risks of suicide

Author Correction: Suicide risk and mortality among patients with cancer.

Correction to: Nature Medicine https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-022-01745-y. Published online 28 March 2022. In the version of this article initially published, refs. 12 and 16 were duplicated as refs. 21 and 22, which have now been removed and the list renumbered. There were typographical errors in the Supplementary Information which are reflected in descriptions of the meta-analysis in the main text, as follows: the review included 47,035,065 patients with cancer (not 46,952,813, as stated previously), the number of whom died by suicide is 69,401 (not 69,298 as reported previously), encompassing 107,961,345 person-years of follow-up (not 107,691,796, as noted previously); the “Study population” section of the Results now reports 30 studies performed in the USA and 25 in Europe (not 31 and 24, respectively, as stated previously). The abstract and the “Study population,” “Sensitivity analyses using all 62 eligible studies” and “Assessment of publication bias” sections of the Results have been amended. The typographical errors in the Supplementary Information were corrected as follows: pages 6 and 12, Turaga et al., end-time of recruitment updated from 2015 to 2005; page 7, Patasius et al., standardized mortality ratio updated from 1.01 to 1.10; page 7, Levi et al., follow-up in person-years updated from 57,614 to 57,164; page 8, Alanee et al., number of suicide cases updated from 30 to 33; page 9, Osazuwa-Peters et al., study population count updated from 205,658 to 287,901; pages 7 and 11, Kaceniene et al., country of study updated from USA to Lithuania. The results of the metadata analysis remain unchanged. Updates have now been made in the HTML and PDF versions of the full text, Extended Data Figures 2, 4 and 5 and the Supplementary Information