Automatic structures for semigroup constructions

We survey results concerning automatic structures for semigroup constructions, providing references and describing the corresponding automatic structures. The constructions we consider are: free products, direct products, Rees matrix semigroups, Bruck-Reilly extensions and wreath products.Comment: 22 page

Static And Dynamic Properties Of Fibonacci Multilayers

We theoretically investigate static and dynamic properties of quasiperiodic magnetic multilayers. We considered identical ferromagnetic layers separated by non-magnetic spacers with two different thicknesses chosen based on the Fibonacci sequence. Using parameters for Fe/Cr, the minimum energy was determined and the equilibrium magnetization directions found were used to calculate magnetoresistance curves. Regarding dynamic behavior, ferromagnetic resonance (FMR) curves were calculated using an approximation known from the literature. Our numerical results illustrate the effects of quasiperiodicity on the static and dynamic properties of these structures. © 2013 American Institute of Physics.11317Grünberg, P., Schreiber, R., Pang, Y., Brodsky, M.B., Sowers, H., (1986) Phys. Rev. Lett., 57, p. 2442. , 10.1103/PhysRevLett.57.2442Baibich, M.N., Broto, J.M., Fert, A., Nguyen Van Dau, F., Petroff, F., Etienne, P., Creuzet, G., Chazelas, J., (1988) Phys. Rev. Lett., 61, p. 2472. , 10.1103/PhysRevLett.61.2472Binasch, G., Grünberg, P., Saurenbach, F., Zinn, W., (1989) Phys. Rev. B, 39, p. 4828. , 10.1103/PhysRevB.39.4828Prinz, G.A., (1998) Science, 282, p. 1660. , 10.1126/science.282.5394.1660Kools, J.C.S., (1996) IEEE Trans. Magn., 32, p. 3165. , 10.1109/20.508381Stiles, M.D., Zangwill, A., (2002) Phys. Rev. B, 66, p. 014407. , 10.1103/PhysRevB.66.014407Lakys, Y., Zhao, W.S., Devolder, T., Zhang, Y., Klein, J.O., Ravelosona, D., Chappert, C., (2012) IEEE Trans. Magn., 48, p. 2403. , 10.1109/TMAG.2012.2194790Chaves, R.C., Cardoso, S., Ferreira, R., Freitas, P.P., (2011) J. Appl. Phys, 109, pp. 07E506. , 10.1063/1.3537926Vedyayev, A., Dieny, B., Ryzhanova, N., Genin, J.B., Cowache, C., (1994) Europhys. Lett., 25, p. 465. , 10.1209/0295-5075/25/6/012Albuquerque, E.L., Cottam, M.G., (2004) Polaritons in Periodic and Quasiperiodic Structures, , (Elsevier, Amsterdam)Bezerra, C.G., Albuquerque, E.L., (1997) Physica A, 245, p. 379. , 10.1016/S0378-4371(97)00309-9Bezerra, C.G., De Araujo, J.M., Chesman, C., Albuquerque, E.L., (1999) Phys. Rev. B, 60, p. 9264. , 10.1103/PhysRevB.60.9264Bezerra, C.G., De Araujo, J.M., Chesman, C., Albuquerque, E.L., (2001) J. Appl. Phys., 89, p. 2286. , 10.1063/1.1340600Bezerra, C.G., Cottam, M.G., (2002) J. Magn. Magn. Mater., 240, p. 529. , 10.1016/S0304-8853(01)00838-1Bezerra, C.G., Cottam, M.G., (2002) Phys. Rev. B, 65, p. 054412. , 10.1103/PhysRevB.65.054412Mauriz, P.W., Albuquerque, E.L., Bezerra, C.G., (2002) J. Phys.: Condens. Matter, 14, p. 1785. , 10.1088/0953-8984/14/8/308Fullerton, E.E., Conover, M.J., Mattson, J.E., Sowers, C.H., Bader, S.D., (1993) Phys. Rev. B, 48, p. 15755. , 10.1103/PhysRevB.48.15755Machado, L.D., Bezerra, C.G., Correa, M.A., Chesman, C., Pearson, J.E., Hoffmann, A., (2012) Phys. Rev. B, 85, p. 224416. , 10.1103/PhysRevB.85.22441

Sodium doping and trapped ion mobility spectrometry improve lipid detection for novel MALDI-MSI analysis of oats

Oat (Avena sativa L.) is an important cereal grain with a unique nutritional profile including a high proportion of lipids. Understanding lipid composition and distribution in oats is valuable for plant, food and nutritional research, and can be achieved using MALDI mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI). However, this approach presents several challenges for sample preparation (hardness of grains) and analysis (isobaric and isomeric properties of lipids). Here, oat sections were successfully mounted onto gelatin-coated indium tin oxide slides with minimal tearing. Poor detection of triacylglycerols was resolved by applying sodium chloride during mounting, increasing signal intensity. In combination with trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS), lipid identification significantly improved, and we report the separation of several isobaric and isomeric lipids with visualisation of their “true” spatial distributions. This study describes a novel MALDI-TIMS-MSI analytical technique for oat lipids, which may be used to improve the discovery of biomarkers for grain quality.Wai C.D. Lau, Leigh Donnellan, Matthew Briggs, Thusitha Rupasinghe, John C. Harris, Julie E. Hayes, Peter Hoffman

Small whole heart volume predicts cardiovascular events in patients with stable chest pain: insights from the PROMISE trial

Objectives The size of the heart may predict major cardiovascular events (MACE) in patients with stable chest pain. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic value of 3D whole heart volume (WHV) derived from non-contrast cardiac computed tomography (CT). Methods Among participants randomized to the CT arm of the Prospective Multicenter Imaging Study for Evaluation of Chest Pain (PROMISE), we used deep learning to extract WHV, defined as the volume of the pericardial sac. We compared the WHV across categories of cardiovascular risk factors and coronary artery disease (CAD) characteristics and determined the association of WHV with MACE (all-cause death, myocardial infarction, unstable angina; median follow-up: 26 months). Results In the 3798 included patients (60.5 +/- 8.2 years; 51.5% women), the WHV was 351.9 +/- 57.6 cm(3)/m(2). We found smaller WHV in no- or non-obstructive CAD, women, people with diabetes, sedentary lifestyle, and metabolic syndrome. Larger WHV was found in obstructive CAD, men, and increased atherosclerosis cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk score (p < 0.05). In a time-to-event analysis, small WHV was associated with over 4.4-fold risk of MACE (HR (per one standard deviation) = 0.221; 95% CI: 0.068-0.721; p = 0.012) independent of ASCVD risk score and CT-derived CAD characteristics. In patients with non-obstructive CAD, but not in those with no- or obstructive CAD, WHV increased the discriminatory capacity of ASCVD and CT-derived CAD characteristics significantly. Conclusions Small WHV may represent a novel imaging marker of MACE in stable chest pain. In particular, WHV may improve risk stratification in patients with non-obstructive CAD, a cohort with an unmet need for better risk stratification

Synthesis of organic inorganic hybrids based on the conjugated polymer P3HT and mesoporous silicon

Organic inorganic hybrids are a class of functional materials that combine favorable properties of their constituents to achieve an overall improved performance for a wide range of applications. This article presents the synthesis route for P3HT porous silicon hybrids for thermoelectric applications. The conjugated polymer P3HT is incorporated into the porous silicon matrix by means of melt infiltration. Gravimetry, sorption isotherms and energy dispersive X ray spectroscopy EDX mapping indicate that the organic molecules occupy more than 50 of the void space in the inorganic host. We demonstrate that subsequent diffusion based doping of the confined polymer in a FeCl3 solution increases the electrical conductivity of the hybrid by five orders of magnitude compared to the empty porous silicon hos

A Prospectively Validated Prognostic Model for Patients with Locally Advanced Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck Based on Radiomics of Computed Tomography Images

Background: Locoregionally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) patients have high relapse and mortality rates. Imaging-based decision support may improve out-comes by optimising personalised treatment, and support patient risk stratification. We propose a multifactorial prognostic model including radiomics features to improve risk stratification for advanced HNSCC, compared to TNM eighth edition, the gold standard. Patient and methods: Data of 666 retrospective-and 143 prospective-stage III-IVA/B HNSCC patients were collected. A multivar-iable Cox proportional-hazards model was trained to predict overall survival (OS) using diagnostic CT-based radiomics features extracted from the primary tumour. Separate analyses were performed using TNM8, tumour volume, clinical and biological variables, and combinations thereof with radi-omics features. Patient risk stratification in three groups was assessed through Kaplan–Meier (KM) curves. A log-rank test was performed for significance (p-value < 0.05). The prognostic accuracy was reported through the concordance index (CI). Results: A model combining an 11-feature radiomics signature, clinical and biological variables, TNM8, and volume could significantly stratify the validation cohort into three risk groups (p < 0∙01, CI of 0.79 as validation). Conclusion: A combination of radiomics features with other predictors can predict OS very accurately for advanced HNSCC patients and improves on the current gold standard of TNM8

Prevention of Cardiac Dysfunction During Adjuvant Breast Cancer Therapy (PRADA) extended follow-up of a 2×2 factorial, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind clinical trial of candesartan and metoprolol

BACKGROUND: Adjuvant breast cancer therapy containing anthracyclines with or without anti–human epidermal growth factor receptor–2 antibodies and radiotherapy is associated with cancer treatment–related cardiac dysfunction. In the PRADA trial (Prevention of Cardiac Dysfunction During Adjuvant Breast Cancer Therapy), concomitant treatment with the angiotensin receptor blocker candesartan attenuated the reduction in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) in women receiving treatment for breast cancer, whereas the ß-blocker metoprolol attenuated the increase in cardiac troponins. This study aimed to assess the long-term effects of candesartan and metoprolol or their combination to prevent a reduction in cardiac function and myocardial injury. METHODS: In this 2×2 factorial, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, single-center trial, patients with early breast cancer were assigned to concomitant treatment with candesartan cilexetil, metoprolol succinate, or matching placebos. Target doses were 32 and 100 mg, respectively. Study drugs were discontinued after adjuvant therapy. All 120 validly randomized patients were included in the intention-to-treat analysis. The primary outcome measure was change in LVEF assessed by cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging from baseline to extended follow-up. Secondary outcome measures included changes in left ventricular volumes, echocardiographic peak global longitudinal strain, and circulating cardiac troponin concentrations. RESULTS: A small decline in LVEF but no significant between-group differences were observed from baseline to extended follow-up, at a median of 23 months (interquartile range, 21 to 28 months) after randomization (candesartan, 1.7% [95% CI, 0.5 to 2.8]; no candesartan, 1.8% [95% CI, 0.6 to 3.0]; metoprolol, 1.6% [95% CI, 0.4 to 2.7]; no metoprolol, 1.9% [95% CI, 0.7 to 3.0]). Candesartan treatment during adjuvant therapy was associated with a significant reduction in left ventricular end-diastolic volume compared with the noncandesartan group (P=0.021) and attenuated decline in global longitudinal strain (P=0.046) at 2 years. No between-group differences in change in cardiac troponin I and T concentrations were observed. CONCLUSIONS: Anthracycline-containing adjuvant therapy for early breast cancer was associated with a decline in LVEF during extended follow-up. Candesartan during adjuvant therapy did not prevent reduction in LVEF at 2 years, but was associated with modest reduction in left ventricular end-diastolic volume and preserved global longitudinal strain. These results suggest that a broadly administered cardioprotective approach may not be required in most patients with early breast cancer without preexisting cardiovascular disease

Forward pi^0 Production and Associated Transverse Energy Flow in Deep-Inelastic Scattering at HERA

Deep-inelastic positron-proton interactions at low values of Bjorken-x down to x \approx 4.10^-5 which give rise to high transverse momentum pi^0 mesons are studied with the H1 experiment at HERA. The inclusive cross section for pi^0 mesons produced at small angles with respect to the proton remnant (the forward region) is presented as a function of the transverse momentum and energy of the pi^0 and of the four-momentum transfer Q^2 and Bjorken-x. Measurements are also presented of the transverse energy flow in events containing a forward pi^0 meson. Hadronic final state calculations based on QCD models implementing different parton evolution schemes are confronted with the data.Comment: 27 pages, 8 figures and 3 table

Azimuthal anisotropy and correlations in p+p, d+Au and Au+Au collisions at 200 GeV

We present the first measurement of directed flow ($v_1$) at RHIC. $v_1$ is found to be consistent with zero at pseudorapidities $\eta$ from -1.2 to 1.2, then rises to the level of a couple of percent over the range $2.4 < |\eta| < 4$. The latter observation is similar to data from NA49 if the SPS rapidities are shifted by the difference in beam rapidity between RHIC and SPS. Back-to-back jets emitted out-of-plane are found to be suppressed more if compared to those emitted in-plane, which is consistent with {\it jet quenching}. Using the scalar product method, we systematically compared azimuthal correlations from p+p, d+Au and Au+Au collisions. Flow and non-flow from these three different collision systems are discussed.Comment: Quark Matter 2004 proceeding, 4 pages, 3 figure

Azimuthal anisotropy: the higher harmonics

We report the first observations of the fourth harmonic (v_4) in the azimuthal distribution of particles at RHIC. The measurement was done taking advantage of the large elliptic flow generated at RHIC. The integrated v_4 is about a factor of 10 smaller than v_2. For the sixth (v_6) and eighth (v_8) harmonics upper limits on the magnitudes are reported.Comment: 4 pages, 6 figures, contribution to the Quark Matter 2004 proceeding