Carta de apresentação: as primeiras aulas de leitura e produção textual na universidade

Anais e artigos do 28º Fórum Acadêmico de Letras, realizado nos dias 23 a 25 de agosto de 2017 na Universidade Federal da Integração Latino-Americana (Unila) e Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná (Unioeste) com tema: A pesquisa nos cursos de letras em contexto de línguas e culturas em contato.O presente trabalho visa a análise das duas primeiras aulas da disciplina de Leitura e Produção Textual em uma turma do 1o ano do curso de Letras, nas quais foi trabalhado o gênero Carta de Apresentação. O objetivo deste estudo é o de verificar a metodologia empregada e avaliar se foram alcançados os três níveis de letramento acadêmico propostos por Street e Lea (1998), retomados por Oliveira (2016) e Araújo e Bezerra (2013). As aulas consistiram na exposição do gênero em questão através de uma carta de apresentação da própria docente e na comparação com o gênero bilhete. Como atividade de casa, os estudantes deveriam produzir suas cartas de apresentação aplicando o exemplo lido e discutido e as explicações dadas durante as aulas referentes à temática, linguagem, estrutura e intenção. A hipótese levantada é de que houve a socialização de ambos os gêneros apresentados e o ensino foi pautado no letramento com vistas ao ingresso no meio acadêmico, além de que os alunos deveriam acionar seus saberes prévios para a produção, compreendendo os três níveis proposto

JAK/STAT Activation: A General Mechanism for Bone Development, Homeostasis, and Regeneration

The Janus kinase (JAK) signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathway serves as an important downstream mediator for a variety of cytokines, hormones, and growth factors. Emerging evidence suggests JAK/STAT signaling pathway plays an important role in bone development, metabolism, and healing. In this light, pro-inflammatory cytokines are now clearly implicated in these processes as they can perturb normal bone remodeling through their action on osteoclasts and osteoblasts at both intra- and extra-articular skeletal sites. Here, we summarize the role of JAK/STAT pathway on development, homeostasis, and regeneration based on skeletal phenotype of individual JAK and STAT gene knockout models and selective inhibition of components of the JAK/STAT signaling including influences of JAK inhibition in osteoclasts, osteoblasts, and osteocytes

Eco-inovação nas empresas brasileiras : investigação empírica a partir da pintec

Não são recentes as preocupações supra-nacionais em incluir meio ambiente e bem-estar social nas discussões sobre desenvolvimento, originando e reforçando o conceito de Desenvolvimento Sustentável. Nas fases de evolução desta idéia, percebem-se dinâmicas recíprocas entre os agentes envolvidos e mudanças reativas a resultados anteriores. Reconhecendo a interdependência entre as crises ambientais contemporâneas e a trajetória insustentável das atividades econômicas, discute-se um novo paradigma de organização econômica: a Economia Verde. A transição para este paradigma sustenta-se principalmente sobre a realocação de investimentos e a utilização das Eco-Inovações, pelas corporações. O objetivo deste artigo é apresentar um panorama geral destas entre empresas brasileiras, buscando compreender o seu comportamento. Foram usados dados da PINTEC 2008 e referências internacionais como fontes de informação. Dentre os resultados destaca-se que o número de empresas Eco-Inovadoras representa 33,5 % do total amostrado pela PINTEC. Os principais tipos de Eco-Inovação implementadas são: técnicas de gestão ambiental (23.975 empresas), redução de impacto ao meio ambiente (13.159 empresas) e redução de consumo de matérias-primas (10.034 empresas). Fatores internos às empresas (dinâmica do processo produtivo) e fatores externos às empresas (leis ambientais e regulações) podem explicar a heterogeneidade nos subgrupos setoriais.Supra-nationals concerns have bringing into the development discussions issues related to environment and social welfare, giving rise and strength to the Sustainable Development concept. In its evolution phases one can realize dynamic reciprocities among the agents involved and reactive changes to the results achieved at earlier phases. Recognizing the several environmental crises experienced by humanity and their interdependence, and the unsustainable trajectory of economic activities a new paradigm of economic organization has been debated: the Green Economy The transition to this paradigm is sustained mainly on investments reallocation and the increasing use of Eco-Innovations. This paper is aimed at presenting an overview of the Eco-Innovation among Brazilian firms with the main goal of understanding their behavior. We have used data from PINTEC and international references as sources of information. The results indicate that Eco-Innovative firms represent 33,5% of firms surveyed by PINTEC. The main types of Eco-Innovation implemented are: environmental management techniques (23,975 firms), reduced environmental impacts (13,159 firms), and reduced consumption of raw materials (10,034 firms). Internal factors to firms (dynamic production process), as well as external factors (environmental laws and regulations) may explain the firms participation heterogeneity in each subsector

A Pronounced Inflammatory Activity Characterizes the Early Fracture Healing Phase in Immunologically Restricted Patients

Immunologically restricted patients such as those with autoimmune diseases or malignancies often suffer from delayed or insufficient fracture healing. In human fracture hematomas and the surrounding bone marrow obtained from immunologically restricted patients, we analyzed the initial inflammatory phase on cellular and humoral level via flow cytometry and multiplex suspension array. Compared with controls, we demonstrated higher numbers of immune cells like monocytes/macrophages, natural killer T (NKT) cells, and activated T helper cells within the fracture hematomas and/or the surrounding bone marrow. Also, several pro-inflammatory cytokines such as Interleukin (IL)-6 and Tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), chemokines (e.g., Eotaxin and RANTES), pro-angiogenic factors (e.g., IL-8 and Macrophage migration inhibitory factor: MIF), and regulatory cytokines (e.g., IL-10) were found at higher levels within the fracture hematomas and/or the surrounding bone marrow of immunologically restricted patients when compared to controls. We conclude here that the inflammatory activity on cellular and humoral levels at fracture sites of immunologically restricted patients considerably exceeds that of control patients. The initial inflammatory phase profoundly differs between these patient groups and is probably one of the reasons for prolonged or insufficient fracture healing often occurring within immunologically restricted patients. View Full-Tex

Impact of Janus Kinase Inhibition with Tofacitinib on Fundamental Processes of Bone Healing

Both inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and anti-inflammatory treatment of RA with glucocorticoids (GCs) or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) negatively influence bone metabolism and fracture healing. Janus kinase (JAK) inhibition with tofacitinib has been demonstrated to act as a potent anti-inflammatory therapeutic agent in the treatment of RA, but its impact on the fundamental processes of bone regeneration is currently controversially discussed and at least in part elusive. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to examine the effects of tofacitinib on processes of bone healing focusing on recruitment of human mesenchymal stromal cells (hMSCs) into the inflammatory microenvironment of the fracture gap, chondrogenesis, osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. We performed our analyses under conditions of reduced oxygen availability in order to mimic the in vivo situation of the fracture gap most optimal. We demonstrate that tofacitinib dose-dependently promotes the recruitment of hMSCs under hypoxia but inhibits recruitment of hMSCs under normoxia. With regard to the chondrogenic differentiation of hMSCs, we demonstrate that tofacitinib does not inhibit survival at therapeutically relevant doses of 10-100 nM. Moreover, tofacitinib dose-dependently enhances osteogenic differentiation of hMSCs and reduces osteoclast differentiation and activity. We conclude from our data that tofacitinib may influence bone healing by promotion of hMSC recruitment into the hypoxic microenvironment of the fracture gap but does not interfere with the cartilaginous phase of the soft callus phase of fracture healing process. We assume that tofacitinib may promote bone formation and reduce bone resorption, which could in part explain the positive impact of tofacitinib on bone erosions in RA. Thus, we hypothesize that it will be unnecessary to stop this medication in case of fracture and suggest that positive effects on osteoporosis are likely

Fluorescence optical imaging for treatment monitoring in patients with early and active rheumatoid arthritis in a 1-year follow-up period

BACKGROUND: Fluorescence optical imaging (FOI) enables visualization of inflammation in the hands in rheumatic joint diseases with currently a lack of long-term follow-up studies. OBJECTIVE: To investigate FOI for treatment monitoring in a homogenous cohort of patients with early (disease duration  3.2) RA over a period of 12 months. METHODS: Thirty-five RA patients (24 (68.6%) females, mean age 53.3 years (SD 13.6)) were investigated clinically by DAS28, tender joint count (TJC) and swollen joint count (SJC) and by FOI in phases 1-3 and PrimaVistaMode (PVM) before therapy change and after 12 months. The FOI activity score (FOIAS) was calculated based on individual joint scores from 0 to 3 in 30 joints per patient, adding up to a sum score (0-90). RESULTS: We found a statistically significant reduction of FOIAS in phase 1 from baseline (median 5.0, IQR 24.96) to follow-up (median 1.0, IQR 4.0) in all patients (p = 0.0045), both in responders and non-responders according to EULAR response criteria by DAS28. Statistically significant reductions over 12 months were found for median DAS28(ESR) 5.61 to 3.31, TJC 7.0 to 1.0, and SJC 5.0 to 1.0 (each p <  0.001). No statistically significant correlations were detected between the FOIAS change in phase 1 and DAS28(ESR), TJC, or SJC. Correlations between the other phases and clinical outcomes were weak to moderate. CONCLUSION: Reduced early enhancement in FOI phase 1 can be observed in clinically responding and non-responding early RA patients under treatment. Regarding potential marker performance, FOI probably shows a reduction of inflammation more objectively

The In Vitro Human Fracture Hematoma Model - A Tool for Preclinical Drug Testing

The aim of the study was to establish an in vitro fracture hematoma (FH) model, which mimics the in vivo situation of the human fracture gap in order to assess drug efficacy and effectiveness for the treatment of fracture healing disorders. Therefore, human peripheral blood and mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) were coagulated to produce in vitro FH models, incubated in osteogenic medium under normoxia/hypoxia, and analyzed for cell composition, gene expression and cytokine/chemokine secretion. To evaluate the model, we studied the impact of dexamethasone (impairing fracture healing) and deferoxamine (promoting fracture healing). Under hypoxic conditions, MSCs represented the predominant cell population, while the frequencies of leukocytes decreased. Marker gene expression of osteogenesis, angiogenesis, inflammation, migration and hypoxic adaptation increased significantly over time and compared to normoxia while cytokine/chemokine secretion remained unchanged. Finally, dexamethasone favored the frequency of immune cells compared to MSCs, suppressed osteogenic and pro-angiogenic gene expression and enhanced the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Conversely, deferoxamine favored the frequency of MSCs over that of immune cells and enhanced the expression of the osteogenic marker RUNX2 and markers of the hypoxic adaptation. In summary, we demonstrate that hypoxia is an important factor for in vitro modeling the initial phase of fracture healing, that both fracture-healing disrupting and promoting substances can influence the in vitro model comparable to the in vivo situation. Therefore, we conclude that our model is able to mimic in part the human FH and to reduce the number of animal experiments in early preclinical studies

Spectroscopic characterization of reaction centers of the (M)Y210W mutant of the photosynthetic bacterium Rhodobacter sphaeroides

The tyrosine-(M)210 of the reaction center of Rhodobacter sphaeroides 2.4.1 has been changed to a tryptophan using site-directed mutagenesis. The reaction center of this mutant has been characterized by low-temperature absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy, time-resolved sub-picosecond spectroscopy, and magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The charge separation process showed bi-exponential kinetics at room temperature, with a main time constant of 36 ps and an additional fast time constant of 5.1 ps. Temperature dependent fluorescence measurements predict that the lifetime of P* becomes 4–5 times slower at cryogenic temperatures. From EPR and absorbance-detected magnetic resonance (ADMR, LD-ADMR) we conclude that the dimeric structure of P is not significantly changed upon mutation. In contrast, the interaction of the accessory bacteriochlorophyll BA with its environment appears to be altered, possibly because of a change in its position

Death Territories: Visibility of Juvenile Residents of Porto Alegre who were Victims of Homicide in 2015, 2016, 2017 and 2018

The paper aims to map the homicides that victimize individuals residing in Porto Alegre between the years 2015 and 2018 identifying their main characteristics as well as the neighborhoods where they lived and died Based on data from the Mortality Information System SIM provided by the Municipal Health Department the paper analyzes the profile of the victims in relation to age gender and race The QGis software was used to map the life and death sites of the murdered youth aged between 15 and 29 years Thus it was possible to reaffirm the idea that homicides mainly victimize young black males However the age curve showed a peak of victims between 15 and 19 years old which was not a reality a decade ago In addition it was noted the proportional decrease of white victims as well as a greater women representation Finally in relation to life and death places while there is a strong concentration in the neighborhoods Rubem Berta Restinga Santa Tereza Sarandi and Lomba do Pinheiro it was also possible to verify a growing territorial homicides sprea

From ziguezague to subcitizenship : trajectories of (dis) territorialization and violation of human rights of young people who fulfilled socio-educational measure in closed regime in the city of Porto Alegre

Trata-se de um estudo de caso acerca da territorialização dos adolescentes que cumpriram medida socioeducativa de internação na cidade de Porto Alegre (RS), que busca, em síntese, apresentar uma análise crítica acerca de seus desdobramentos na vida dos sujeitos aos quais ela se destina, verificando se as mesmas cumpriram com seus objetivos discursivos. Percebe-se, a partir da análise de dados qualitativos e quantitativos recolhidos em pesquisa empírica, que os adolescentes estão submetidos a uma condição de subcidadania, muito em razão da desterritorialização promovida pelo próprio Estado, tendo suas trajetórias de vida marcadas pela violência e pela precariedade de exercício de direitos humanos.This article is a case study on the territorialization of adolescents who have served socio-educational measure in closed regime in te city of Porto Alegre (RS), which aims, in sinthesys, provide a critical analysis about its consequences in the lives of persons to whom it is intended, verifying whether they have complied with their discursive goals. It’s possible to perceive, from the analysis of qualitative and quantitave data collected in empirical reseach, that the adolescents are subjected to a undercitizenship condition, much because of the processes of (des)territorialization promoted by the State itself, having their life trajectories barnded by violence and precaiousness of the exercise of human rights