e-learning を利用した韓国語母語話者によるライティングの誤用への間接的フィードバックの研究

サイバー韓国外国語大学校国立国語研究所 日本語教育研究・情報センター広島国際学院大学Cyber Hankuk University of Foreign StudiesCenter for JSL Research and Information, NINJALHiroshima Kokusai Gakuin University本研究は，日本語を第二言語として学習している韓国語話者を対象として行った作文の誤用に関して，以下の3つの課題を明らかにすることを目的とする。(i) 複数回の間接的フィードバックは，韓国人日本語学習者の誤用訂正を促進するか。言い換えれば，さらに気づきを促す効果があるか。(ii) 促進するとすれば，日本語能力の上位群と下位群で効果に違いが見られるか。(iii) 複数回の間接的フィードバックにより誤用訂正を促進する特定の文法項目（受身，助詞，モダリティ，自他動詞）があるか。調査の結果，(i)\u27 1回目より2回目のフィードバックによる訂正率が高く，複数回の間接的フィードバックは，自己訂正を促進することがわかった。また，(ii)\u27 下位群は上位群に比べて誤用訂正の効果が高いことが明らかになった。(iii)\u27 文法項目については，学習者は日本語母語話者に比べて，受身やモダリティを過剰使用する傾向が見られたが，フィードバックによって修正ができた。助詞については，1回目のフィードバックでの自己訂正の割合が高いが，2回目のフィードバックの後でも依然として誤用が残るケースがあるという結果となった。このことから，助詞は自己訂正しやすい項目ではあるが，複数回のフィードバックでも誤用が残り，間接的フィードバックによる自己訂正が極めて困難な項目であることがわかった。これらの調査結果をふまえると，複数回のフィードバックが迅速に行われるe-learningは，日本語学習者の自己訂正を促し，習得を促進する可能性が高いと言える。The aim of this article is to examine the three questions below based on the results of written data by Korean learners of Japanese as a foreign language.i) Do repeated indirect feedbacks (FB1 & FB2) promote self-monitoring more than one-time feedback (FB1)?ii) Is there a difference between advanced-level learners and elementary-level learners?iii) Do these forms of feedback promote learners\u27 self-monitoring to grammatical items of Japanese, such as the passive, particles, modality, and transitive/intransitive verbs?According to the results, i) both forms in the study promote self-monitoring, with the second feedback (FB2) more effective than the first (FB1); ii) compared to the advanced group, the elementary group corrects errors more by repeated feedback; iii) learners overuse grammatical morphemes of the passive and modality by comparison with native speakers of Japanese. Both forms of feedback are very effective in correcting particle errors. However, learners have difficulty in correcting all errors by repeated indirect feedback

Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy for Isolated Para-aortic Lymph Node Recurrence after Curative Resection in Gastric Cancer

The aim of this study was to investigate whether stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) can salvage gastric cancer patients with para-aortic lymph node (PALN) recurrence. From January 2003 to December 2006, 7 patients were treated for isolated PALN recurrence from gastric cancer after curative resection. Follow up durations ranged from 19 to 33 months (median; 26 months), and SBRT doses from 45 Gy to 51 Gy (median 48 Gy) in 3 fractions. Disease progression-free and overall survivals and toxicities were recorded. Response to treatment was assessed by computed tomography. Final patient outcomes were as follows: 2 were alive without evidence of disease, 3 remained alive with disease, and 2 patients died of disease. Five of 7 patients showed complete response and 2 patients partial response between 3 and 11 months after SBRT. Three-year overall and disease progression-free survival rates post-SBRT were 43% and 29%, respectively. No severe complication was detected during follow-up. Selected patients with isolated PALN recurrence can be salvaged by SBRT without severe complications

Synergistic Autophagy Effect of miR-212-3p in Zoledronic Acid-Treated In Vitro and Orthotopic In Vivo Models and in Patient-Derived Osteosarcoma Cells

Osteosarcoma (OS) originates from osteoid bone tissues and is prone to metastasis, resulting in a high mortality rate. Although several treatments are available for OS, an effective cure does not exist for most patients with advanced OS. Zoledronic acid (ZOL) is a third-generation bisphosphonate that inhibits osteoclast-mediated bone resorption and has shown efficacy in treating bone metastases in patients with various types of solid tumors. Here, we sought to clarify the mechanisms through which ZOL inhibits OS cell proliferation. ZOL treatment inhibited OS cell proliferation, viability, and colony formation. Autophagy inhibition by RNA interference against Beclin-1 or ATG5 inhibited ZOL-induced OS cell death. ZOL induced autophagy by repressing the protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin/p70S6 kinase pathway and extracellular signal-regulated kinase signaling-dependent autophagy in OS cell lines and patient-derived OS cells. Microarrays of miRNA showed that ZOL increased the levels of miR-212-3p, which is known to play an important role in autophagy, in OS in vitro and in vivo systems. Collectively, our data provided mechanistic insight into how increased miR-212-3p through ZOL treatment induces autophagy synergistically in OS cells, providing a preclinical rationale for conducting a broad-scale clinical evaluation of ZOL + miR-212-3p in treating OS

Current Trends in the Epidemiological and Pathological Characteristics of Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors in Korea, 2003-2004

Despite remarkable progress in understanding and treating gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs) during the past two decades, the pathological characteristics of GISTs have not been made clear yet. Furthermore, concrete diagnostic criteria of malignant GISTs are still uncertain. We collected pathology reports of 1,227 GISTs from 38 hospitals in Korea between 2003 and 2004 and evaluated the efficacy of the NIH and AFIP classification schemes as well as the prognostic factors among pathologic findings. The incidence of GISTs in Korea is about 1.6 to 2.2 patients per 100,000. Extra-gastrointestinal GISTs (10.1%) are more common in Korea than in Western countries. In univariate analysis, gender, age, tumor location, size, mitosis, tumor necrosis, vascular and mucosal invasions, histologic type, CD34 and s-100 protein expression, and classifications by the NIH and AFIP criteria were found to be significantly correlated with patient's survival. However, the primary tumor location, stage and classification of the AFIP criteria were prognostically significant in predicting patient's survival in multivariate analysis. The GIST classification based on original tumor location, size, and mitosis is more efficient than the NIH criteria in predicting patient's survival, but the mechanism still needs to be clarified through future studies

Clinical and epidemiological characteristics of Korean patients with hepatitis C virus genotype 6

Background/AimsThe distribution of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes varies geographically. In Korea, genotypes 1 and 2 comprise more than 90% of HCV infections, while genotype 6 is very rare. This study compared the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with genotype 6 HCV infection with those infected with HCV genotypes 1 and 2.MethodsThis was a prospective, multicenter HCV cohort study that enrolled 1,173 adult patients, of which 930 underwent HCV genotype analysis, and only 9 (1.0%) were found to be infected with genotype 6 HCV. The clinical and epidemiological parameters of the genotypes were compared.ResultsThe patients with genotype 6 HCV had a mean age of 41.5 years, 77.8% were male, and they had no distinct laboratory features. A sustained virologic response (SVR) was observed in four (67%) of six patients who received antiviral therapy. Risk factors such as the presence of a tattoo (n=6, 66.7%), more than three sexual partners (n=3, 33.3%), and injection drug use (n=3, 33.3%) were more common among genotype 6 patients than among genotypes 1 or 2.ConclusionsThe epidemiology and treatment response of patients infected with genotype 6 HCV differed significantly from those with genotypes 1 or 2, warranting continuous monitoring

Clinical Effects of Calcium Channel Blocker and Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitor on Endothelial Function and Arterial Stiffness in Patients with Angina Pectoris

To evaluate the effects of calcium channel blocker (CCB) and angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI) on endothelial function and arterial stiffness in stable angina pectoris (SAP), 87 patients with SAP (57.6±10.0 yr, 52 males) were divided into two groups; CCB group (group I: n=44, 57.9±9.7 yr, 23 males) vs. CCB plus ACEI group (group II: n=43, 57.2±10.5 yr, 29 males). Flow mediated vasodilation (FMD) of the brachial artery, pulse wave velocity (PWV), urinary albumin excretion (UAE), and high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) were compared. FMD, PWV, UAE, and hsCRP were not different between the groups at baseline. After 6 months of treatment, FMD were significantly improved in group II (7.5±3.7 to 8.8±2.7%, p<0.001), but not in group I (7.9±2.7 to 8.2±2.8%, p=0.535). Brachial-ankle PWV were significantly improved in both groups (1,621.3±279.4 to 1,512.1±225.0 cm/sec in group I, p<0.001, 1,586.8±278.5 to 1,434.5±200.5 cm/sec in group II, p<0.001). However, heart-femoral PWV were significantly improved (1,025.7±145.1 to 946.2±112.2 cm/sec, p<0.001) and UAE were significantly decreased (20.19±29.92 to 13.03±16.42 mg/g Cr, p=0.019) in group II only. In conclusion, combination therapy with CCB and ACEI improves endothelial function, arterial stiffness, and UAE than CCB mono-therapy more effectively in patients with SAP