Kyste thymique cervical

Objectifs : Le kyste thymique est une tumeur congénitale rare. Souvent asymptomatique, elle atteint généralement les enfants âgés de moins de 10 ans. Siégeant au niveau du cou, cette tumeur pose essentiellement le problème de diagnostic différentiel clinique. Son traitement est chirurgical avec un excellent pronostic et un très faible risque de récidive locale. Nous rapportons un cas de kyste thymique cervical et nous rappelons la pathogénie et les diagnostics différentiels.Mots clés : kyste thymique, cou, histologiePurpose of study: The thymic cyst is a rare congenital tumor. Usually asymptomatic, this tumor is generally seen in childhood under the age of ten. In the neck, the preoperative diagnosis of this tumor is difficult and is rarely made. The treatment of choice is surgical excision. The long-term prognosis is excellent with a low rate of local recurrence. We report a new case of cervical thymic cyst and review the pathogenesis and the differential diagnosis.Keywords: Thymic cyst, neck, histology

The Water-energy-food security nexus in the Mediterranean: challenges and opportunities

Extended abstract Some of the biggest challenges the world is facing hinge on the growing scarcity and allocation of resources vital to sustaining life-water energy and food. Food, water and energy security are finally being recognized as the most important national and international security issues. To make enough food to support a growing population we need more water and energy. Producing energy requires water to cool power plants and produce biofuel, while making water accessible and clean for human consumption demands energy. According to UN estimation, by 2030 we will need 30% more water, 455 more energy and 60 % more food. Understanding the complex relationship between water, energy and food systems has become critically important to the development of a sustainable and secure future for all nations and regions. This was clearly highlighted at the Bonn 2011 nexus conference held in the preparation for the United Nations (UN) Rio +20 Conference which brought to light the need to address sustainability issues in the closely related sectors of water, energy and food security. This was also a central lesson that emerged from last year's observance of the International Year for Water Cooperation. The relationship between water, energy and food security demonstrate how deep are the inter-linkages between these systems. At heart of the relationship is the interdependence of resources-how demand for one resource can derive demand from another one? Similarly, how the cost of one resource can determine the efficiency of production of others. Today we are more than convinced that amplified interconnectedness of global food, energy, water security and environmental sustainability exists. In addition it is well recognized that efforts to address only one part of systematic problem by neglecting other inherently inter-linked aspects may not lead to desirable and sustainable outcomes. In this perspective for an increasing number of nations policy decision-making requires a nexus approach that reduces tradeoffs and builds synergies across sectors, and helps to reduce costs and increase benefits for humans and nature compared with independent approaches to the management of water energy food and the environment. There are many synergies and tradeoffs between water, energy use and food production using water to irrigate crops might promote food production but it can also reduce rivers flows and hydropower potential. Growing bio-energy crops under irrigated agriculture can increase overall water with drawls and jeopardize food security. Converting surface irrigation into high efficiency pressurized irrigation may save water but may also result in higher energy use. Recognizing these synergies and balancing these tradeoffs is central to jointly ensuring water, energy and food. In this regards, the question to be raised concerning water-energy-food nexus is where are we now? This will bring us to several crucial questions which technically and politically are wide bargaining and serious discussion including the following: -Nexus thinking has been around for a while now, but is it really joined up enough yet? -Do we have enough data points to catalyze action? -How are organizations tackling interconnected resources challenges and what are the concrete examples of scenario planning collaboration or programmes in place? -Could the move towards valuing natural capital help accelerate nexus thinking and policy making? Work on what is being termed the water-energy-food nexus is starting but much still needs to be learned and accomplished on increasing efficiency, reducing tradeoffs and building synergies across sectors. This calls for joint global responsibility and cooperation among users, scientists and policy makers. For most countries around the world being developed or developing ones there is a great need to think and act interlinked to realize direct and indirect synergy potentials. Understanding the nexus and the set up of an appropriate nexus approach is needed to develop policies, strategies and investments to exploit synergies and mitigate tradeoffs among water energy and food systems. In this paper evidence will be given that if the food, water and energy connection remain unaddressed, global food security will not be achieved increasing poverty and environmental degradation

Exploitation de l’espace dans le théâtre de l’absurde

La notion d’espace est très controversée tant ce terme peut être appliqué à des domaines aussi variés que les sciences humaines ou la littérature. Nous comptons l’utiliser dans le contexte du théâtre dans la mesure où l’espace est le lieu du théâtre par excellence. D’ail-leurs, pour A. Ubersfeld, «c’est au niveau de l’espace[…] que se fait l’articulation texte –représentation »[i]. Le texte de théâtre est donc avant tout, lieu de spectacle. Mais même dans ce contexte, l’espace se manifeste sous des aspects multiples. Ainsi, M. Issacharoff parle de la complexité de l’espace théâtral car « il peut exister plusieurs lieux distincts : architectural, scénographique, dramaturgique » [ii]et distingue  l’espace scénique et l’espace extra scénique c’est-à dire « le visible et l’invisible »[iii], l’espace perçu par le spectateur et celui suggéré par le texte dialogué.[i] - A. Ubersfeld, Lire le théatre, Messidor éd. sociales, Paris, 1982, p.140.[ii] - M. Issacharoff, le spectacle du discours, Corti, Paris, 1985, p69.[iii] - Ibide

Feasibility study of wastewater reuse for irrigation in Isfahan, Iran

Abstract: Wastewater reuse is one of the main options that can be considered as a new source of water in regions where water is scarce. The main purpose of this study is to determine the feasibility of Isfahan’s north wastewater treatment plant effluent for agricultural irrigation. To evaluate suitability of treated wastewater for irrigation, important indicators like Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP)and Potential Salinity were investigated. In this study the SAR value for effluent was 2.62 and according to approved criteria by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) it was excellent for irrigation,SSPwas 39.7% so it has good quality for irrigation usage and the potential salinity was 4.81 meq/L, thusaccording to approved criteria by FAO it is medium for soil permeability.Also the EC value of effluent was 1250 µS/cm (1.25 dS/m) and according to approved criteria by FAO it was permissible for irrigatio

Phenotypic, Morphological Diversity and Biochemical Characterization Of 14 Almond cultivars from Morocco

The aim of this study is focused on the identification and analysis of morphological,pomological and biochemical special characteristics of 14 almond genotypes from the experimental Ain Taoujadate collection to reach to the promising genotypes with special features of performance. Commercial and local (Prunus dulcis L.) cultivars vary considerably in their fruit and kernel characteristics. In the present study, fruit and kernel traits of 14 almond cultivars grown in Morocco, were examined. The cultivars included 8 major commercial and 6 Moroccan cultivars. Results showed significant differences exist among all genotypes across a number of morphological traits. The imported cultivars generally showed improved physical traits, such as larger fruit and kernels. In this concept, in order to supplement the morphology-based results, several molecular techniques including isoenzyme, SSRs, and AFLPs are required for describing diversity, for characterizing Moroccan almond  and for testing species differentiation at the molecular level and to establish a correlation between the different characters of almond cultivars studied.

Le management territorial stratégique, levier de renouvellement de la politique d’attractivité des IDE au Maroc

Face à la crise multidimensionnelle (sécuritaire, géographique, économique, environnementale et sanitaire) et avec l’émergence d’une nouvelle notion qui est le management territorial stratégique, le renouvellement des politiques d’attractivité des investissements directs étrangers est devenu une nécessité que ce soit pour les pays développés comme pour les pays en développement. Dans ce contexte, pour attirer les investisseurs étrangers, il est important que les territoires doivent disposer d’un environnement favorable à l’investissement, donc c’est là que la nouvelle configuration de l’action territoriale (management territorial stratégique) entre en jeu. Donc l’objectif de cet article est de reprendre la problématique de l’attractivité des IDE dans une perspective de management territorial stratégique. Pour ce faire, nous envisageons de mettre l’éclairage sur une étude qu’on a déjà réalisée sur laquelle on a opté pour une méthode qui repose sur l'approche qualitative, l'analyse documentaire et l’observation directe. Les résultats montrent que la politique d'attractivité des IDE au Maroc souffre de plusieurs problèmes qui peuvent constituer des doutes pour les investisseurs. Cependant, le recours au management territorial stratégique peut jouer un rôle crucial dans l'attractivité des IDE afin de créer un cadre rassurant et motivant pour les investisseurs

Analysis of Desertification Potential of Yazd Province Using DVI Indicators

IntroductionOne of the environmental challenges in the world is desertification. Desertification is land degradation in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid caused by several factors such as climate change and human activities. Desertification is a significant phenomenon, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. In many instances, it is seen as a serious threat to human societies. The desertification process in developing countries is very intense, and this issue can have a significant impact on the future of these countries. Iran is a country that is exposed to the phenomenon of desertification. Due to the geographical location, arid and semi-arid areas cover approximately two-thirds of Iran.  The desertification phenomenon is present in Yazd province. Due to its climate and hydrogeomorphology, this province, which is located in the central regions of Iran, has a high vulnerability potential against land use changes and desertification. Considering the importance of the topic, this research has identified the vulnerable areas of Yazd province against desertification using the DVI index. Material and MethodsIn this research, library information, statistical data related to the population of Yazd province, climatic data of Yazd province, as well as the 30-meter SRTM DEM as the most important research data were used. The model used in this research was based on DVI vulnerability index. The DVI vulnerability index was the basis for the model used in this research. The time-spatial changes of vulnerability to desertification in the Banas River basin in India have been investigated using the DVI model. The DVI model uses 9 indicators, which are grouped into 4 groups: demographic indicators, weather indicators, topographic indicators, and soil indicators. Results and DiscussionIn this research, in order to identify the vulnerable areas of Yazd province to desertification from demographic indicators (population density, population growth and illiteracy percentage), weather indicators (precipitation rate, average temperature, and evaporation rate and dryness index), topographic indices (slope percentage) and soil science indices (soil type) have been used. The slope index indicates that the western parts of Yazd province are more vulnerable. According to the geological index, the northern and eastern parts of this province are highly vulnerable. The northern, central, and eastern regions of Yazd province are highly vulnerable in terms of precipitation, average temperature, evaporation, and dryness indicators. Yazd city has a high vulnerability potential in terms of population density index. In terms of population growth index, Ardakan city has a high vulnerability potential and also in terms of illiteracy index, Taft city has a high vulnerability potential. The location of Yazd province has resulted in a large portion of its area being covered in arid and hyper-arid areas. Due to their high vulnerability to erosion, destruction, and vulnerability, many parts of this province are prone to desertification. The DVI model was used to evaluate the vulnerability potential of Yazd province against desertification in this research. The DVI model results are divided into 4 vulnerability potential classes: low, medium, high, and very high. The results indicate that the class with a high vulnerability potential covers 42.9% of the area, which is primarily concentrated in the northern and central areas of Yazd province. The class with high vulnerability potential covers 41/4 of the area, which primarily encompasses the western regions of Yazd province. The classes with medium and low vulnerability potential are distributed in the central, southeastern, and southern parts of Yazd province, with 14.3 and 1.4 percent of the area, respectively. The vulnerability status of cities in Yazd province has been assessed in this research. Khatam and Bahabad cities have the lowest vulnerability percentage, while Yazd, Meibod, and Ardakan cities have the highest vulnerability potential, according to the results. Many parts of Yazd province, including its northern and central regions, have a high vulnerability potential, which requires special attention and the implementation of long-term programs to prevent vulnerability and increase desertification

The Relationship between Intellectual Capital and Financial and Non- Financial Performance in West Cement Company in Kermanshah

ABSTRACT The main objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between intellectual capital and financial and non-financial performance of the West cement company in Kermanshah. In this regard, the main hypothesis was. formulated as follows: 1. Human capital, structural capital and relational capital on the basis of mutual influence. 2. Intellectual capital has a positive impact on organizational learning capability. 3. Intellectual capital is positive on firm performance. 4. Organizational learning capability has a positive impact on firm performance. In this study, intellectual capital and its components as independent variables and learning capability variables with its dimensions as them editor variable and firm performance variable with its dimensions as dependent variables were analyzed. The research study is descriptive -correlation. In this study, correlation coefficient and path analysis using LISREL software have been used. The statistical population of this study, all employees and managers of the West Cement Company, is approximately 700 people. In order to determine the survey sample, a simple random sampling is used. The assumptions of the study, the relationship between the stock of knowledge and financial performance, as well as the relationship between structural capital and non-financial performance were not confirmed. Other hypotheses to study the effect of variables based on assumptions and research conceptual model were confirmed to have direct or indirect impact

Survey of phenolic acids, flavonoids and antioxidant potency between figs peels and pulps: Chemical and Chemometric Approach

peer reviewedIn the present study, chromatic coordinates, phenolic acids, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity assessed by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate (ABTS) and lipid peroxidation inhibition capacity (LPIC) essays and their relative IC50 were investigated in 25 fig cultivars growing in Morocco. The aims of this study were to determine (i) the variation in these compounds among light and dark-colored cultivars, (ii) their partitioning between fruit peel and pulp and (iii) to display network connections among these variables. Twelve phenolic compounds (PCs) were isolated in peel extract versus eight in pulp samples. Anthocyanins, mainly cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, were the predominant compounds in peels, where the mean concentrations were 75.90 ± 18.76 and 77.97 ± 18.95 µg/g dw, respectively. On the other hand, (−)-epicatechin and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside were the major compounds in the pulp extracts, where the mean values were 5.23 ± 4.03 and 9.01 ± 5.67 µg/g dw, respectively. A two-dimensional hierarchically clustered heatmap was applied to the dataset to explore correlations in the dataset and similarities between cultivars, without dimensionality reduction. Results showed that anthocyanins, particularly pelargonidin-3-O-rutinoside, cyanidin-3,5-diglucoside and cyanidin-3-O-rutinoside, were the main contributors to the peels’ free radical scavenging capacity. This capacity was particularly higher in the peel of dark-colored figs compared to the fruit pulp. The local cultivar “INRA 1301” showed the most promising phenolic profile due to its very high levels of almost all detected PCs, especially (−)-epicatechin, quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, quercetin-3-O-glucoside, cyanidine-3,5-diglucoside, cyanidine-3-O-rutinoside and pelargonidin-3-O-rutinoside (54.66, 141.08, 35.48, 494.08, 478.66, 12.56 µg/g dw, respectively). Having the darkest figs in the collection (L* = 25.72, c* = 22.09 and h° = 20.99), this cultivar has also combined promising IC50 values, which were of 19.85, 40.58 and 124.78 µg/mL for DPPH, ABTS and LPIC essays, respectivel

CONTRIBUTION A LA VALORISATION ALIMENTAIRE DE LA GRENADE MAROCAINE (Punica Granatum L.) : CARACTERISATION PHYSICOCHIMIQUE, BIOCHIMIQUE ET STABILITE DE LEUR JUS FRAIS

The pomegranate (Punica granatum) is an important crop for the arid and semi-arid areas. For this reason, a greater interest has been observed in the last years for increasing their cultivation and diverse research has been carried out to enlarge the industrialization as much the fruit. On the other hand, the fruit possesses strong antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities linked to the presence of anthocyanins, tannins, and ellagic acid which have an interesting therapeutic capacity to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells. In this study, eighteen pomegranate (Punica granatum) cultivars collected at INRA in Meknes-Morocco were analyzed. The study also showed a statistically significant differences were observed between pomegranate cultivars investigated in all parameters measured. The antioxidant capacity and composition of phenolic compounds of pomegranate juices, which varied de 1385 to 9476 mg GAE/L, were influenced by the type of cultivar to a large extent. On the second part of this work, the stability of polyphenols and anthocyanins were determined as a function of temperature. The results showed that the composition of these compounds decreases after each thermal treatment due to their degradation. However, the third part analyzes the efficiency of pectinase and protease enzymes used in the clarification treatments of pomegranate juice. The pectinase treatment has a significant reduction of turbidity. The combination of both enzymes gives a good result in the term of reduction of turbidity. Finally the last part was devoted on modeling of microbial growth which consist to apply mathematical models provided by the data base ComBase on the pomegranate juice, the results showed that at the minimum values of temperature, pH and water activity ensure a long life of up to one month and the ComBase model is generally safe for this type of juice.Le grenadier (Punica granatum) est adapté aux climats arides et semi-arides d'où l'intérêt d'étudier et valoriser ses fruits à cause de l'accentuation des problèmes de sécheresse qui touchent le Maroc ces dernières années. D'un autre côté, la grenade possède de fortes capacités antioxydantes et anti-inflammatoires liées à la présence d'anthocyanes, de tanins et d'acide ellagique qui est utilisé en thérapeutique pour sa capacité à inhiber la prolifération des cellules cancéreuses. Toutefois, le but de ce présent travail s'intéresse dans un premier temps à la caractérisation physicochimique, l'identification et quantification des polyphénols des jus en utilisant l'HPLC ainsi que l'évaluation de l'activité antioxydante de dix-huit cultivars collectionnés au niveau de l'INRA de Meknès. Cette étude a permis de conclure que les jus ont une forte teneur en polyphénols totaux qui varie entre 1385 to 9476 mg GAE/L. L'étude a montré aussi une variabilité statistiquement significative entre les différents cultivars étudiés pour l'ensemble des paramètres mesurés. Dans la seconde partie, qui traite l'effet de la température sur la stabilité des polyphénols et surtout des anthocyanes, il a été montré que la composition de ces composés diminue après chaque traitement thermique suite à leurs dégradations. Pour la troisième partie concernant l'étude de l'efficacité des pectinases et des protéases dans les traitements de clarification du jus de grenade. Le traitement par les pectinases à une réduction significative de la turbidité par rapport à la protéase. La combinaison de ces deux enzymes donne un bon résultat en terme de réduction de la turbidité. Dans la dernière partie consacrée à la modélisation de la croissance microbienne qui consiste à appliquer les modèles mathématiques fournis par la base de données ComBase sur le jus de grenade, les résultats obtenus ont montré que à des valeurs minimales de la température, pH et l'activité de l'eau assurent une longue durée de vie pouvant aller jusqu'à un mois et que le modèle ComBase est sécurisant en général pour ce type de jus