The Liquid-Gas Phase Transitions in a Multicomponent Nuclear System with Coulomb and Surface Effects

The liquid-gas phase transition is studied in a multi-component nuclear system using a local Skyrme interaction with Coulomb and surface effects. Some features are qualitatively the same as the results of Muller and Serot which uses relativistic mean field without Coulomb and surface effects. Surface tension brings the coexistance binodal surface to lower pressure. The Coulomb interaction makes the binodal surface smaller and cause another pair of binodal points at low pressure and large proton fraction with less protons in liquid phase and more protons in gas phase.Comment: 20 pages including 7 postscript figure

Magnetic and Dynamic Properties of the Hubbard Model in Infinite Dimensions

An essentially exact solution of the infinite dimensional Hubbard model is made possible by using a self-consistent mapping of the Hubbard model in this limit to an effective single impurity Anderson model. Solving the latter with quantum Monte Carlo procedures enables us to obtain exact results for the one and two-particle properties of the infinite dimensional Hubbard model. In particular we find antiferromagnetism and a pseudogap in the single-particle density of states for sufficiently large values of the intrasite Coulomb interaction at half filling. Both the antiferromagnetic phase and the insulating phase above the N\'eel temperature are found to be quickly suppressed on doping. The latter is replaced by a heavy electron metal with a quasiparticle mass strongly dependent on doping as soon as $n<1$. At half filling the antiferromagnetic phase boundary agrees surprisingly well in shape and order of magnitude with results for the three dimensional Hubbard model.Comment: 32 page

The Hubbard Model at Infinite Dimensions: Thermodynamic and Transport Properties

We present results on thermodynamic quantities, resistivity and optical conductivity for the Hubbard model on a simple hypercubic lattice in infinite dimensions. Our results for the paramagnetic phase display the features expected from an intuitive analysis of the one-particle spectra and substantiate the similarity of the physics of the Hubbard model to those of heavy fermion systems. The calculations were performed using an approximate solution to the single-impurity Anderson model, which is the key quantity entering the solution of the Hubbard model in this limit. To establish the quality of this approximation we compare its results, together with those obtained from two other widely used methods, to essentially exact quantum Monte Carlo results.Comment: 29 pages, 16 figure

More light and less heat Mirowski on economics and the energy metaphor

I initially approached More Heat than Light with some apprehension. This is not because I suspected that I would disagree with its main thesis but because I feared that I would find the book anticlimactic. Over the past few years, Phil Mirowski has served us a number of delightful appetizers’-so many in fact that I suspected I might tire of the taste before the main entrée appeared. These concerns were wholly unfounded. The main entrée has finally arrived and is of such depth and complexity that it makes the appetizers, well, just appetizers. Mirowski’s central thesis is that neoclassical economics-initially developed during the 1870s and currently the dominant paradigm in economic theory-amounts to little more than a &dquo;brazen daylight robbery&dquo; (p. 4)2 of nineteenth-century energy physics. Motivated by the desire to achieve the status and prestige of the physical sciences, early neoclassical economists created their &dquo;revolution&dquo; by simply substituting &dquo;utility&dquo; for &dquo;energy&dquo; in the physics of their day. In a limited respect, this project was successful-the mathematical formalism of energy physics did (and does) contribute to the scientific respectability of the neoclassical research program-but this status was achieved at substantial cost. Mirowski argues that there were (and are) deep problems associated with the economic appropriation of the energy metaphor; physical systems have properties that make the mathematics appropriate, but these properties are not shared by economic systems. For example, the physical requirement that potential energy and kinetic energy sum to a constant translates into the economic requirement that utility and income sum to a constant. This is a problem because utility and income are measured in entirely different units. Mirowski argues that such difficulties were exacerbated by the scientific naivete of the early neoclassical economists who were trained in science and engineering-they had been exposed to the basic ideas of energy physics-but their knowledge was relatively rudimentary (p. 250). The result was energy physics appropriated in a &dquo;shoddy and slipshod manner&dquo; (p. 108). Mirowski provides a detailed discussion of how this misappropriation of the energy metaphor has surreptitiously influenced the development of modern economic thought. He reconstructs and explains certain generally accepted facts of theoretical life in economics (such as the problems of neoclassical production theory) and exposes some of the fundamental weaknesses of neoclassical theory (such as its inability to explain preference changes). Mirowski also argues that the dominance of the energy metaphor from nineteenth-century physics has prevented economists from taking advantage of more recent developments in physical theory, such as quantum mechanics and the theory of relativity. The result, according to Mirowski, is a tale reminiscent of Dorian Gray .... Neoclassicals, by imbibing some mystical elixir of modern mathematical techniques, have maintained the figure of vibrant youth, while hidden away somewhere in the attic is the real portrait, the original metaphor of a conserved preference field in an independently constituted commodity space, growing progressively desiccated and decrepit. (p. 374) My overall evaluation of Mirowski’s thesis is quite positive. I believe that he is entirely correct about the role of the energy metaphor in early neoclassical economics (probably reaching an apogee in Irving Fisher), and he is also correct that the metaphor has been lurking ever since in the background of neoclassical economics. The energy metaphor and its mathematics have been actively influential in the development of modem neoclassical theory, although I would probably weaken its impact from Mirowski’s story by saying &dquo;influenced&dquo; whereas Mirowski would say &dquo;dominated.&dquo; Where I mainly differ from Mirowski is on the implications of his thesis. For Mirowski, uncovering this hidden influence amounts to a scathing critique of modern neoclassical economics (and given the neoclassical dominance of the profession, this means most of modem economics). For him, the metaphor and its mathematics have been both dominant and pernicious. I disagree. While I am convinced that Mirowski has uncovered something important that can be used to further our understanding of the development of modem economic theory, I am not convinced that his thesis entails the kind of critical bite that he would like it to have. Given this overall evaluation of More Heat than Light, I will divide my comments into two sections. The first-more light-lends additional support to Mirowski’s general historical thesis by using it to illuminate two areas of modem neoclassical economics that Mirowski does not emphasize. The second-less heat-offers some arguments against Mirowski’s critical interpretation of his general thesis

DURAbility of Basal Versus Lispro Mix 75/25 Insulin Efficacy (DURABLE) Trial 24-Week Results: Safety and efficacy of insulin lispro mix 75/25 versus insulin glargine added to oral antihyperglycemic drugs in patients with type 2 diabetes

OBJECTIVE - To compare the ability of two starter insulin regimens to achieve glycemic control in a large, ethnically diverse population with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS - During the initiation phase of the DURABLE trial, patients were randomized to a twice-daily lispro mix 75/25 (LM75/25; 75% lispro protamine suspension, 25% lispro) (n = 1,045) or daily glargine (GL) (n = 1,046) with continuation of prestudy oral antihyperglycemic drugs. RESULTS - Baseline A1C was similar (LM75/25: 9.1 +/- 1.3%; GL: 9.0 +/- 1.2%; P = 0.414). At 24 weeks, LM75/25 patients had tower A1C than GL patients (7.2 +/- 1.1. vs. 7.3 +/- 1.1%, P = 0.005), greater A1C reduction (-1.8 +/- 1.3 vs. -1.7 +/- 1.3%, P = 0.005), and higher percentage reaching A1C target CONCLUSIONS - Compared With GL, LM75/25 resulted in slightly lower A1C at 24 weeks and a moderately higher percentage reaching A1C targe

Correlation gap in the heavy-fermion antiferromagnet UPd_2Al_3

The optical properties of the heavy-fermion compound UPd$_2$Al$_3$ have been measured in the frequency range from 0.04 meV to 5 meV (0.3 to 40 cm$^{-1}$) at temperatures $2 {\rm K}<T< 300$ K. Below the coherence temperature $T^*\approx 50$ K, the hybridization gap opens around 10 meV. As the temperature decreases further ($T\leq 20$ K), a well pronounced pseudogap of approximately 0.2 meV develops in the optical response; we relate this to the antiferromagnetic ordering which occurs below $T_N\approx 14$ K. The frequency dependent mass and scattering rate give evidence that the enhancement of the effective mass mainly occurs below the energy which is associated to the magnetic correlations between the itinerant and localized 5f electrons. In addition to this correlation gap, we observe a narrow zero-frequency conductivity peak which at 2 K is less than 0.1 meV wide, and which contains only a fraction of the delocalized carriers. The analysis of the spectral weight infers a loss of kinetic energy associated with the superconducting transition.Comment: RevTex, 15 pages, 7 figure

On a global differential geometric approach to the rational mechanics of deformable media

In the past the rational mechanics of deformable media was largely concerned with materials governed by linear constitutive equations. In recent years, the theory has expanded considerably towards covering materials for which the constitutive equations are inherently nonlinear, and/or whose mechanical properties resemble in some respects those of a fluid and in others those of a solid. In the present article we formulate a satisfactory global mathematical theory of moving deformable media, which includes all these aspects

Application of a risk-management framework for integration of stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes in clinical trials

Stromal tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (sTILs) are a potential predictive biomarker for immunotherapy response in metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). To incorporate sTILs into clinical trials and diagnostics, reliable assessment is essential. In this review, we propose a new concept, namely the implementation of a risk-management framework that enables the use of sTILs as a stratification factor in clinical trials. We present the design of a biomarker risk-mitigation workflow that can be applied to any biomarker incorporation in clinical trials. We demonstrate the implementation of this concept using sTILs as an integral biomarker in a single-center phase II immunotherapy trial for metastatic TNBC (TONIC trial, NCT02499367), using this workflow to mitigate risks of suboptimal inclusion of sTILs in this specific trial. In this review, we demonstrate that a web-based scoring platform can mitigate potential risk factors when including sTILs in clinical trials, and we argue that this framework can be applied for any future biomarker-driven clinical trial setting

Clinical targets for continuous glucose monitoring data interpretation : recommendations from the international consensus on time in range

Improvements in sensor accuracy, greater convenience and ease of use, and expanding reimbursement have led to growing adoption of continuous glucose monitoring (CGM). However, successful utilization of CGM technology in routine clinical practice remains relatively low. This may be due in part to the lack of clear and agreed-upon glycemic targets that both diabetes teams and people with diabetes can work toward. Although unified recommendations for use of key CGM metrics have been established in three separate peer-reviewed articles, formal adoption by diabetes professional organizations and guidance in the practical application of these metrics in clinical practice have been lacking. In February 2019, the Advanced Technologies & Treatments for Diabetes (ATTD) Congress convened an international panel of physicians, researchers, and individuals with diabetes who are expert in CGM technologies to address this issue. This article summarizes the ATTD consensus recommendations for relevant aspects of CGM data utilization and reporting among the various diabetes populations