Triaxial effects in concrete-filled tubular steel columns

Imperial Users onl

Universal Decimal Classification : a Unique Scheme with its Origin,Development and Credibility

this article deals with the emergence, background history and usages of the Universal Decimal Classification scheme(UDC).It also speaks about the influence of the very scheme over different languages in different countries.It focuses also on the scheme’s acceptability and flexibility to the universal users.This article discusses the scheme’s inclination to be transformed into a machine readable version to compete with other schemes full-fledgedly.Here, the significance of classification scheme in a multilingual atmosphere  is highlighted and future advancements delineated

Novel phosphorus containing poly(arylene ethers) as flame retardant additives and as reactant in organic synthesis

Due to their outstanding properties, poly(arylene ethers) are useful as toughness modifiers in epoxy resins (EP). Furthermore, these polymers show rather low intrinsic fire risks. According to recent research it has been incorporated that poly(arylene ether phosphine oxides) [PAEPO’s] can further improve the fire behavior. Increasing phosphorous content of the PAEPO can influence the fire behavior too. Fire retardants containing phosphorus – regardless of whether an additive or reactive approach is used – show different mechanisms in the condensed and gas phase. In the present study PSU Control (BPA based polysulfone) with four different PAEPO’s and their corresponding blends with an EP were investigated. All poly(arylene ether phosphine oxides) were synthesized by nucleophilic aromatic polycondensation. The polymers obtained covered a wide range of weight average molar masses (6,000 – 150,000 g/mol) as determined by size exclusion chromatography with multi-angle light scattering detection (MALLS). FTIR, NMR spectroscopy and MALDI-TOF revealed formation of the desired polymer structure of the linear poly(arylene ethers). All polymers were easily soluble in common organic solvents, thus enabling processing from solution.The pyrolysis and the fire retardancy mechanisms of the polymers and blends with epoxy resin (EP) were tackled by means of a comprehensive thermal analysis (thermogravimetry (TG), TG-evolved gas analysis) and fire tests [PCFC, limiting oxygen index (LOI), UL-94, cone calorimeter]. The Mitsunobu reaction of Dimethyl-5-hydroxyisophthalate and a long chain semifluorinated alcohol requires triphenyl phosphine as a reactant. Identical, in some case higher yield was obtained in the usual conditions, with triphenyl phosphine and with trivalent phosphorus containing polymers, which was prepared in solvent free bulk (melt) polymerization technique from trivalent phosphorus monomer and a silylated diphenol in presence of CsF. Purification and the recovery of the final product which is always a big challenge in case of Mitsunobu reaction, was far more easier using polymer compared to triphenyl phosphine. During polymerization there was a possibility to have polymer having repeating unit containing both trivalent phosphorus and phosphine oxide. The trivalent phosphorus content of the polymer can be varied using different molar concentration of CsF

Lower layers in the motor cortex are more effective targets for penetrating microelectrodes in cortical prostheses

Improving cortical prostheses requires the development of recording neural interfaces that are efficient in terms of providing maximal control information with minimal interface complexity. While the typical approaches have targeted neurons in the motor cortex with multiple penetrating shanks, an alternative approach is to determine an efficient distribution of electrode sites within the layers of the cortex with fewer penetrating shanks. The objective of this study was to compare unit activity in the upper and lower layers of the cortex with respect to movement and direction in order to inform the design of penetrating microelectrodes. Four rats were implanted bilaterally with multi-site single-shank silicon microelectrode arrays in the neck/shoulder region of the motor cortex. We simultaneously recorded unit activity across all layers of the motor cortex while the animal was engaged in a movement direction task. Localization of the electrode array within the different layers of the cortex was determined by histology. We denoted units from layers 2 and 3 and units as upper layer units, and units from layers 5 and 6 as lower layer units. Analysis of unit spiking activity demonstrated that both the upper and lower layers encode movement and direction information. Unit responses in either cortical layer of the cortex were not preferentially associated with contralateral or ipsilateral movement. Aggregate analysis (633 neurons) and best session analysis (75 neurons) indicated that units in the lower layers (layers 5, 6) are more likely to encode direction information when compared to units in the upper layers (layers 2, 3) ( p < 0.05). These results suggest that electrode sites clustered in the lower layers provide access to more salient control information for cortical neuroprostheses.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/65089/2/jne9_2_026004.pd

EMOTIONAL LABOUR: AN ARCHETYPAL ELEMENT OF HOSPITALITY SERVICE – A REVIEW

Abstract. Emotional labour – the act of subduing one’s felt emotions in order to display organisationally accepted emotions at work, is entwined with hospitality service since time immemorial. It has its commercial value and hence is regularly exchanged for pay. Emotional labour has its antecedents and eventual consequences on the employees performing it. There are various ways through which hospitality service employees perform emotional labour on a daily basis. The social construct of hospitality, both cultural and religious, have augmented the necessity of emotional labour in delivery of service to the guest. Thereby, making it a standard element of the overall hospitality experience paradigm. A lot of research has gone into understanding the cause and effect relationship of the ‘antecedent-consequence’ framework of emotional labour. This paper delves into the existing literature surrounding emotional labour. Interestingly, it was found that a deeper insight about the phenomenon of emotional labour and its lived experience by the individual employee still awaits its due attention

Nonlinear Evolutionary PDE-Based Refinement of Optical Flow

The goal of this paper is to propose two nonlinear variational models for obtaining a refined motion estimation from an image sequence. Both the proposed models can be considered as a part of a generalized framework for an accurate estimation of physics-based flow fields such as rotational and fluid flow. The first model is novel in the sense that it is divided into two phases: the first phase obtains a crude estimate of the optical flow and then the second phase refines this estimate using additional constraints. The correctness of this model is proved using an Evolutionary PDE approach. The second model achieves the same refinement as the first model, but in a standard manner, using a single functional. A special feature of our models is that they permit us to provide efficient numerical implementations through the first-order primaldual Chambolle-Pock scheme. Both the models are compared in the context of accurate estimation of angle by performing an anisotropic regularization of the divergence and curl of the flow respectively. We observe that, although both the models obtain the same level of accuracy, the two-phase model is more efficient. In fact, we empirically demonstrate that the single-phase and the two-phase models have convergence rates of order $O(1/N^2)$ and $O(1/N)$ respectively

Ефективна методика викладання міжнародного права як шлях до подолання проблем вивчення

У публікації розглянуто потенційні проблеми методики викладання курсу міжнародне право. Проаналізовано позитивні й негативні риси різних методик викладання дисципліни. Запропоновано поєднання варіативності і альтернативності методик із особистісно-орієнтованим підходом до слухача курсу