Estandarización de un bioensayo con Cucumis sativus para la determinación de la fitotoxicidad de metales en suelos y aguas

Los bioensayos con plantas son una herramienta indispensable para la evaluación de la toxicidad de los suelos. Gran parte de la variabilidad que dificulta su generalización y la interpretación de resultados radica en la falta de un protocolo estandarizado y común que elimine las variables asociadas a las condiciones experimentales, al germoplasma vegetal y a los bioindicadores relevantes de toxicidad que existen entre los bioensayos tradicionales con plantas. En nuestro estudio proponemos un bioensayo que permite de una forma sencilla, barata y efectiva cuantificar el efecto fitotóxico de los contaminantes en suelo y agua. La estandarización del material vegetal, las condiciones del ensayo y el análisis de imagen permiten mayor fiabilidad y una economía de tiempo y esfuerzo en estos bioensayos. En este estudio se presentan los resultados de toxicidad de Zn, Cd y Pb en disolución y suelos mineros mediante marcadores de biométricos, fisiológicos y génicos de Cucumis sativus

El presupuesto participativo y su incidencia en la Calidad de gasto público de la Municipalidad distrital de Soritor en el periodo 2013 - 2014”

The participatory budget is that citizen participation mechanism by which the population contributes to determine the allocation of public resources of the municipality; in fact, the participatory budget is a form of participatory democracy in governance. This citizen involvement, through the participatory budget, is intended to be transparent municipal management and propose the execution of public spending, which is the amount of financial, material and human resources that the public sector represented by the government employs to fulfill its functions primarily benefit the district's population. The aim of this research was to determine how the participatory budget affects the quality of public expenditure of the district municipality of Soritor during the period 2013-2014. To achieve this purpose, we worked with the actors involved to settle the participatory budget of the district municipality of Soritor; representatives of grassroots organizations, from whom, through surveys, information was collected to determine the effect of the mechanism of municipal management in the quality of public spending. The results obtained showed the public participation in these processes and the perception of the players involved on the implementation of public spending on investment projects related mainly to social programs; further demonstrating the transparency with which the municipal administration is performed during the study period. As part of the conclusions, we might mention that a large percentage (55%9 of the players involved consider that the resources of the district municipality of Soritor are distributed evenly across the population.El presupuesto participativo es aquel mecanismo de participación ciudadana, por el cual la población contribuye a determinar el destino de los recursos públicos de su municipio; de hecho, el presupuesto participativo es una forma de democracia participativa en la gestión pública. Esta intervención ciudadana, a través del presupuesto participativo, tiene por finalidad transparentar la gestión municipal y proponer la ejecución del gasto público, que es la cantidad de recursos financieros, materiales y humanos que el sector público representado por el gobierno emplea para el cumplimiento de sus funciones, beneficie principalmente a la población del distrito. El objetivo de la presente investigación, fue determinar de qué manera el presupuesto participativo incide en la calidad de gasto público de la municipalidad distrital de Soritor durante el periodo 2013 – 2014. Para lograr este propósito, se trabajó con los agentes participantes que conformar el presupuesto participativo de la municipalidad distrital de Soritor; es decir, los representantes de las organizaciones sociales de base, de quienes, a través de encuestas, se recopiló información para determinar la incidencia de este mecanismo de gestión municipal en la calidad del gasto público. Los resultados obtenidos, evidenciaron la participación ciudadana en estos procesos y la percepción de los agentes participantes sobre la ejecución del gasto público en proyectos de inversión, ligados principalmente, a los programas sociales; demostrando además, la transparencia con que se realiza la gestión municipal durante el periodo de estudio. Como parte de las conclusiones, podríamos mencionar que un gran porcentaje (55%) de los agentes participantes consideran que los recursos de la municipalidad distrital de Soritor se distribuyen de forma equitativa en la población.Tesi

Tumor intraventricular: subependinoma

Se describe el caso de un paciente que curso con hidrocefalia sintomática debido a la presencia de un tumor intraventricular (subependimoma), se realiza comparación del caso con los hallazgos que se presentan usualmente este tumor en tomografía, resonancia, histopatología e inmunohistoquímica

Predictores de la ideación suicida : un estudio empírico en adolescentes

The rate of suicide and attempted suicide among adolescents is rising. In this work we studied the degree of suicidal thinking among adolescents, and the capacity of measures of selfconcept and depression to predict suicidal thinking, related to possible sex differences. A hundred and sixty-one adolescents aged 16-19 years who were attending school or vocational training centres were administered the Suicidal Ideation Scale (SIS; Beck, 1979) adapted for the Spanish population and abbreviated by Villardón (1993), the Self-Concept Scale (SCS; Villa, 1992), and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) adapted for the Spanish population by Vázquez and Sanz. Results showed that girls had higher SIS scores than boys, and whereas 64% of the variance of the girls’SIS scores was accounted for by their BDI scores, the predictor accounting for most variance in the boys’SIS scores was the SCS score. This work highlight the need for interventions designed to prevent suicidal thinking among adolescents to take gender into account. Últimamente ha habido un aumento de los fenómenos suicidas adolescentes. En este trabajo se pretenden estudiar los índices de ideación suicida adolescente y la capacidad del autoconcepto y de la depresión para predecir los pensamientos de suicidio, teniendo en cuenta las posibles diferencias asociadas al sexo. Para ello se aplicaron, a 161 adolescentes de 16 a 19 años escolarizados en BUP, COU y FP de segundo ciclo, la escala de ideación suicida (Beck, 1979), adaptada y abreviada por Villardón (1993), la escala de autoconcepto (Villa, 1992) y el inventario de depresión de Beck (BDI) adaptado por Vázquez y Sanz. Los resultados indicaron que las chicas tenían niveles más altos de ideación suicida que los chicos y que mientras en el grupo de las chicas la depresión explicaba hasta un 64% de varianza de ideación suicida en el grupo de los chicos la dimensión social de autoconcepto era la variable que explicaba mayor proporción de varianza de la variable criterio. Las diferencias observadas entre ambos sexos señalan la conveniencia de la aproximación de género para incidir en la ideación suicida en la población adolescente

Use of ash from sewage sludge in the preparation of desulfurant sorbents

This work aims to develop new uses for sewage sludge, which is a byproduct of municipal wastewater treatment plants, by examining the calcination of this waste, the characterization of ashes is obtained, and its use to prepare desulfurant sorbents. Samples of sewage sludge were obtained from a local municipal wastewater treatment plant. This plant applies a pre-treatment followed by a biological treatment, where anaerobic digestion and centrifugation reduces the sludge. Three samples were characterized (in humidity, volatile and fixed solids content), dried, and ignited at two temperatures, 550 and 750 C. The composition of the ash obtained at both ignition temperatures was studied by x-ray fluorescent spectroscopy and the BET specific surface area of the two ashes and of the prepared sorbents was measured. Ash composition was similar for the two temperatures tested, where the components were Si, Ca, Al, Fe, P, S, Mg, K, Cl, Zn and Ti. BET specific surface area values indicate that the lower temperature of calcination produces ash with the highest SSA values (18 m2/g against near 10 m2/g). Preparation of desulfurant sorbents was carried out by mixing the ash with CaO or Ca(OH)2 at room temperature and different experimental conditions. The BET SSA of the prepared desulfurant sorbents showed higher values for the sorbents prepared with the ashes obtained at the lowest temperature. The behaviour of the ash and the prepared sorbents was tested in a fixed bed reactor at 58 C with a flue gas containing 5000 ppm of SO2 with a relative humidity of 55%. Results in the desulfurization process show that the calcium from the sludge seems more efficient than the calcium added as CaO or Ca(OH)2 to prepare the sorbents

Sociotropy, Autonomy and Emotional Symptoms in Patients with Major Depression or Generalized Anxiety: The Mediating Role of Rumination and Immature Defenses

The relationships between dimensions of personality (sociotropy and autonomy), coping strategies (rumination: brooding and reflection subtypes, and immature defenses) and symptoms of depression and anxiety were explored in patients with Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD). A total of 279 patients completed questionnaires including measures of personality dimensions, rumination, immature defenses, depression and anxiety. Our findings suggested that sociotropy and autonomy may be associated with both depressive and anxious symptoms in patients with MDD and with GAD. Multiple mediation analyses indicated that brooding always acted as a mediating link between personality vulnerabilities (sociotropy and autonomy) and depressive and anxiety symptoms, independently of the patient group. In addition, in patients with MDD and those with GAD, brooding and immature defenses functioned together by linking sociotropy and autonomy, respectively, with depressive symptoms. Our results also showed that, in patients with GAD, both types of rumination explained the relationship between sociotropy and autonomy and anxiety symptoms. Overall, our findings provided evidence of the transdiagnostic role of the brooding, linking the vulnerability of personality dimensions and emotional symptoms. They also indicated that reflection and immature defenses can operate in conjunction with brooding, depending on the type of vulnerability and emotional contextS

Detecção de genótipos de Giardia duodenalis zoonóticos e específicos de ruminantes domésticos em lagartos selvagens

Giardia duodenalis is a zoonotic parasite that infects the gut of a wide range of vertebrates, including numerous wildlife species. However, little is known about this protozoan parasite in reptiles. Fecal samples from 31 wild lizards were collected in Galicia (northwest Spain) and screened for the presence of Giardia by PCR amplification and sequencing of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 region in the ribosomal unit. This allowed detection of the parasite in 5 samples (16.1%), and enabled identification of G. duodenalis assemblage A2 in two samples of Iberian rock lizard (Iberolacerta monticola), G. duodenalis assemblage B in other two samples of I. monticola, and G. duodenalis assemblage E in one sample of Bocage’s wall lizard (Podarcis bocagei). The results obtained after PCR amplification and sequencing of the SSU-rDNA gene confirmed the presence of G. duodenalis assemblage A in two samples of I. monticola. This is the first report of G. duodenalis in free-living lizards, although further studies are needed to distinguish between actual infection and mechanical dissemination of cysts. The detection of zoonotic and livestock-specific assemblages of G. duodenalis demonstrates the wide environmental contamination by this parasite, possibly due to human activitiesGiardia duodenalis é um parasito zoonótico que infecta o intestino delgado de uma ampla gama de vertebrados, sendo detectado em numerosas espécies selvagens. No entanto, pouco se conhece sobre a presença deste parasito protozoário em répteis. Para estudar a presença de Giardia, foram obtidas amostras fecais provenientes de 31 lagartos e coletadas em diferentes localizações de Galicia (Noroeste da Espanha). Mediante a aplicação da técnica de PCR e posterior sequenciamento da região ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 da unidade ribossômica, detectou-se Giardia em 5 amostras (16,1%), identificando-se o genótipo A2 de G. duodenalis em 2 amostras de lagartos da montanha (Iberolacerta monticola), G. duodenalis genótipo B em outras 2 amostras de I. monticola e G. duodenalis genótipo E em outra amostra de lagarto de Bocage (Podarcis bocagei). Os resultados obtidos, após amplificação e sequenciamento de um fragmento do gene SSU-rDNA, confirmam a presença de G. duodenalis genótipo A em 2 amostras de I. monticola. Esta é a primeira vez que se descreve G. duodenalis em lagartos selvagens, embora sejam necessários outros estudos complementares para confirmar se estes animais sofrem uma infecção real ou se apenas atuam como disseminadores mecânicos da contaminação ambiental. Além disso, a detecção de genótipos zoonóticos e específicos de ruminantes domésticos demonstra a contaminação do ambiente selvagem por G. duodenalis, possivelmente devido à atividade humanaThis study was funded by the Spanish Ministry of Education and Science (grant no. CGL-2007-60656) and by the Department of Culture, Education and University of the Autonomous Government of Galicia (grant no. GPC2014-069)S

Underlying Resistance Mechanisms in the Cynosurus echinatus Biotype to Acetyl CoA Carboxylase-Inhibiting Herbicides

Hedgehog dogtail (Cynosurus echinatus) is an annual grass, native to Europe, but also widely distributed in North and South America, South Africa and Australia. Two hedgehog dogtail biotypes, one diclofop-methyl (DM)-resistant and one DM-susceptible were studied in detail for experimental dose-response resistance mechanisms. Herbicide rates that inhibited shoot growth by 50% (GR50) were determined for DM, being the resistance factor (GR50R/GR50S) of 43.81. When amitrole (Cyt. P450 inhibitor) was applied before treatment with DM, the R biotype growth was significantly inhibited (GR50 of 1019.9 g ai ha-1) compared with the GR50 (1484.6 g ai ha-1) found for the R biotype without pretreatment with amitrole. However, GR50 values for S biotype do not vary with or without amitrole pretreatment. Dose-response experiments carried out to evaluate cross-resistance, showed resistance to aryloxyphenoxypropionate (APP), cyclohexanodione (CHD) and phenylpyrazoline (PPZ) inhibiting herbicides. Both R and S biotypes had a similar 14C-DM uptake and translocation. The herbicide was poorly distributed among leaves, the rest of the shoot and roots with unappreciable acropetal and/or basipetal DM translocation at 96 HAT. The metabolism of 14C-DM, D-acid and D-conjugate metabolites were identified by thin-layer chromatography. The results showed that DM resistance in C. echinatus is likely due to enhanced herbicide metabolism, involving Cyt. P450 as was demonstrated by indirect assays (amitrole pretreatment). The ACCase in vitro assays showed that the target site was very sensitive to APP, CHD and PPZ herbicides in the C. echinatus S biotype, while the R biotype was insensitive to the previously mentioned herbicides. DNA sequencing studies confirmed that C. echinatus cross-resistance to ACCase inhibitors has been conferred by specific ACCase double point mutations Ile-2041-Asn and Cys-2088-Arg

Aten-pre. Simulador de atención prenatal. A simulator of Prenatal Care

Se realizó una investigación del tipo innovación tecnológica en el Policlínico Universitario Pedro Borrás Astorga de Pinar del Río, de septiembre de 2005 a junio del 2006, decidiéndose confeccionar un software para mostrar rápidamente los principales parámetros de la consulta de Atención Prenatal, según el tiempo de gestación de la embarazada. El universo estuvo constituido por todos los estudiantes de Ciencias Médicas que asistieron en este período a la Biblioteca del Policlínico mencionado. La muestra fueron aquellos estudiantes (214) que utilizaron el simulador por algún motivo y decidieron voluntariamente responder la encuesta aplicada. En la realización de este medio se utilizó una microcomputadora Celerón a 600Mhz con el sistema operativo Windows XP y el Software Macro media Flash 5, utilizando el español como lenguaje y creando un simulador de consultas de Atención Prenatal (ATENPRE) con secuencias multimedia, que a través de una serie de enlaces llevan al usuario a reconocer la consulta buscada. Dentro de los principales resultados se encuentra más de 90% de aceptabilidad, eficiencia y utilidad, llegando a la conclusión de que el software educativo (ATEN-PRE) es una herramienta más a utilizar por los estudiantes de pregrado en la búsqueda activa de información. Palabras clave: Atención Prenatal, Investigación Sobre Servicios de Salud. ABSTRACT A research on technological innovation at "Pedro Borrás Astorga" Outpatient Clinic in Pinar del Río was carried out from September 2005 to July 2006, where a software to show the main parameters in the consult of Prenatal Care considering time of pregnancy was created. The sample was constituted by all the medical students attending the library of the outpatient clinic during the period mentioned. In the final sample, 214 students using the simulator by any reasons decided voluntarily to answer the survey applied .To create this teaching aid a Celeron (600Mhz) microcomputer with Windows XP operative system and the Software Flash 5 Macromedia (in Spanish Language) were used, the simulator for the Prenatal Consults was created having sequences of multimedia, which by means of a series of links, make the user recognise the consulting room sought. The percentage of acceptability, efficiency and usefulness is more than 90%; concluding that the educative software (ATEN-PRE) is another teaching aid to be used by undergraduate students when seeking active information out. Key words: Prenatal Care, Health Service Research

Aten-pre. Simulador de atención prenatal. A simulator of Prenatal Care

Se realizó una investigación del tipo innovación tecnológica en el Policlínico Universitario Pedro Borrás Astorga de Pinar del Río, de septiembre de 2005 a junio del 2006, decidiéndose confeccionar un software para mostrar rápidamente los principales parámetros de la consulta de Atención Prenatal, según el tiempo de gestación de la embarazada. El universo estuvo constituido por todos los estudiantes de Ciencias Médicas que asistieron en este período a la Biblioteca del Policlínico mencionado. La muestra fueron aquellos estudiantes (214) que utilizaron el simulador por algún motivo y decidieron voluntariamente responder la encuesta aplicada. En la realización de este medio se utilizó una microcomputadora Celerón a 600Mhz con el sistema operativo Windows XP y el Software Macro media Flash 5, utilizando el español como lenguaje y creando un simulador de consultas de Atención Prenatal (ATENPRE) con secuencias multimedia, que a través de una serie de enlaces llevan al usuario a reconocer la consulta buscada. Dentro de los principales resultados se encuentra más de 90% de aceptabilidad, eficiencia y utilidad, llegando a la conclusión de que el software educativo (ATEN-PRE) es una herramienta más a utilizar por los estudiantes de pregrado en la búsqueda activa de información. Palabras clave: Atención Prenatal, Investigación Sobre Servicios de Salud. ABSTRACT A research on technological innovation at "Pedro Borrás Astorga" Outpatient Clinic in Pinar del Río was carried out from September 2005 to July 2006, where a software to show the main parameters in the consult of Prenatal Care considering time of pregnancy was created. The sample was constituted by all the medical students attending the library of the outpatient clinic during the period mentioned. In the final sample, 214 students using the simulator by any reasons decided voluntarily to answer the survey applied .To create this teaching aid a Celeron (600Mhz) microcomputer with Windows XP operative system and the Software Flash 5 Macromedia (in Spanish Language) were used, the simulator for the Prenatal Consults was created having sequences of multimedia, which by means of a series of links, make the user recognise the consulting room sought. The percentage of acceptability, efficiency and usefulness is more than 90%; concluding that the educative software (ATEN-PRE) is another teaching aid to be used by undergraduate students when seeking active information out. Key words: Prenatal Care, Health Service Research