A simulator evaluation of a rate-enhanced instrument landing system display

A piloted simulation study was conducted to evaluate the effect on instrument landing system tracking performance of integrating localizer error rate information with the raw localizer error display. The resulting display was named the pseudo command tracking indicator (PCTI) because it provides an indication of any changes of heading required to track the localizer. Eight instrument-rated pilots each flew five instrument approaches with the PCTI and five instrument approaches with a conventional course deviation indicator. The results show good overall pilot acceptance of the PCTI and a significant reduction in localizer tracking error

A general aviation simulator evaluation of a rate-enhanced instrument landing system display

A piloted-simulation study was conducted to evaluate the effect on instrument landing system tracking performance of integrating localizer-error rate with raw localizer and glide-slope error. The display was named the pseudocommand tracking indicator (PCTI) because it provides an indication of the change of heading required to track the localizer center line. Eight instrument-rated pilots each flew five instrument approaches with the PCTI and five instrument approaches with a conventional course deviation indicator. The results show good overall pilot acceptance of the display, a significant improvement in localizer tracking error, and no significant changes in glide-slope tracking error or pilot workload

Mating Frequency of European Corn Borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) in Minnesota, Kansas, and Texas

The frequency of mating and polyandry in natural populations are important parameters for understanding evolutionary dynamics. Mating frequency among natural populations of Ostrinia nubilalis (Hübner) [Lepidoptera: Crambidae] are quite variable. Showers et al. (1974) found 91.1, 73.8, and 71.3% of females had mated during the second flight over 1971-3 at one location in Iowa. During 1971, only 10% mated multiple times, with lower levels of polyandry in subsequent years. In an earlier study in Iowa, Pesho (1961) found that 65-100 % of females had mated and up to 43% had mated more than once. A population in southwestern Ontario averaged 73% mating and 37% polyandry for the 5-year period from 1971-5, a higher rate of polyandry than during the same period in Iowa (Elliot, 1977). In this note, we amplify these previously published results by reporting the mating status of female O. nubilalis captured in light traps in Minnesota, Kansas and Texas. We also provide evidence that some females in natural populations may be sperm-limited

A Monte Carlo Template based analysis for Air-Cherenkov Arrays

We present a high-performance event reconstruction algorithm: an Image Pixel-wise fit for Atmospheric Cherenkov Telescopes (ImPACT). The reconstruction algorithm is based around the likelihood fitting of camera pixel amplitudes to an expected image template. A maximum likelihood fit is performed to find the best-fit shower parameters. A related reconstruction algorithm has already been shown to provide significant improvements over traditional reconstruction for both the CAT and H.E.S.S. experiments. We demonstrate a significant improvement to the template generation step of the procedure, by the use of a full Monte Carlo air shower simulation in combination with a ray-tracing optics simulation to more accurately model the expected camera images. This reconstruction step is combined with an MVA-based background rejection. Examples are shown of the performance of the ImPACT analysis on both simulated and measured (from a strong VHE source) gamma-ray data from the H.E.S.S. array, demonstrating an improvement in sensitivity of more than a factor two in observation time over traditional image moments-fitting methods, with comparable performance to previous likelihood fitting analyses. ImPACT is a particularly promising approach for future large arrays such as the Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) due to its improved high-energy performance and suitability for arrays of mixed telescope types.Comment: 13 pages, 10 figure

Adaptation of time line analysis program to single pilot instrument flight research

A data base was developed for SPIFR operation and the program was run. The outputs indicated that further work was necessary on the workload models. In particular, the workload model for the cognitive channel should be modified as the output workload appears to be too small. Included in the needed refinements are models to show the workload when in turbulence, when overshooting a radial or glideslope, and when copying air traffic control clearances

A description of the software analysis from flight and simulation data of the course cut limiter in the TCV b-737 area navigation computer

During automatic horizontal path captures, the (Terminal Configured Vehicle) B-737 airplane maintained smaller than designed path intercept angles and experienced a sawtooth bank angle oscillation during its turn towards the path. From flight data, it was determined that these anomalies were caused by the improper output of the course cut limiter in the horizontal path control law. The output from the course cut limiter did not obtain its full value and it was calculated stepwise discontinuously. The automatic horizontal path captures were then conducted on the TCV B-737 airplane real-time simulation. The path intercept angles were maintained properly and no bank angle oscillation was encountered. Data showed that the course cut limiter was calculated at its full value in a continuous manner. The intermediate calculations of the course cut limiter in the airplane's navigation computer were rewritten and rescaled in such a manner that truncation errors could be minimized. The horizontal path capture tests were then reflown. The airplane maintained the proper path intercept angle and no bank angle oscillations occurred on any of the tests

PRISM: a tool for automatic verification of probabilistic systems

Probabilistic model checking is an automatic formal verification technique for analysing quantitative properties of systems which exhibit stochastic behaviour. PRISM is a probabilistic model checking tool which has already been successfully deployed in a wide range of application domains, from real-time communication protocols to biological signalling pathways. The tool has recently undergone a significant amount of development. Major additions include facilities to manually explore models, Monte-Carlo discrete-event simulation techniques for approximate model analysis (including support for distributed simulation) and the ability to compute cost- and reward-based measures, e.g. "the expected energy consumption of the system before the first failure occurs". This paper presents an overview of all the main features of PRISM. More information can be found on the website: www.cs.bham.ac.uk/~dxp/prism

Gamma-ray emission associated with Cluster-scale AGN Outbursts

Recent observations have revealed the existence of enormously energetic ~10^61 erg AGN outbursts in three relatively distant galaxy clusters. These outbursts have produced bubbles in the intra-cluster medium, apparently supported by pressure from relativistic particles and/or magnetic fields. Here we argue that if > GeV particles are responsible then these particles are very likely protons and nuclei, rather than electrons, and that the gamma-ray emission from these objects, arising from the interactions of these hadrons in the intra-cluster medium, may be marginally detectable with instruments such as GLAST and HESS.Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures, accepted by MNRA

A simulator evaluation of an automatic terminal approach system

The automatic terminal approach system (ATAS) is a concept for improving the pilot/machine interface with cockpit automation. The ATAS can automatically fly a published instrument approach by using stored instrument approach data to automatically tune airplane avionics, control the airplane's autopilot, and display status information to the pilot. A piloted simulation study was conducted to determine the feasibility of an ATAS, determine pilot acceptance, and examine pilot/ATAS interaction. Seven instrument-rated pilots each flew four instrument approaches with a base-line heading select autopilot mode. The ATAS runs resulted in lower flight technical error, lower pilot workload, and fewer blunders than with the baseline autopilot. The ATAS status display enabled the pilots to maintain situational awareness during the automatic approaches. The system was well accepted by the pilots