Cassini's Compositae genera: A nomenclatural and taxonomic assessment

Work on the Global Compositae Checklist has highlighted uncertainties and errors in the nomenclatural parameters of many genera and subgenera described by Henri Cassini. Problems concern rank (subgenus vs. genus); type designation; correct place of valid publication; alternative names; and other miscellaneous issues. An annotated list with correct nomenclatural information for 391 generic names or designations is provided, including types (newly designated here for 17 names) and one new combination (Gyptis tanacetifolia). The current taxonomic disposition of Cassini's genera and the accepted names for the listed typonyms are consistently mentioned. The familiar names Felicia and Chrysopsis, already conserved, are threatened by unlisted earlier synonyms, and currently used Fulcaldea turns out to be illegitimate. Proposals to deal with these problems by conservation are being presented separatel

Петрографические признаки химически активных углей

Показані сліди газогенерації у вугіллі на природних сколах вугільних зразків. Описані їх особливості і походження. Запропоновано використовування їх для оцінки хімічної активності (газогенеруючої активності) гелифицированної речовини вугілля.Tracks of gasogeneration in a coal are shown on natural cleavage on coal samples. Described their features and origin. The use of them is offered for estimation of chemical activity (gasogeneration activity) of matter of gelification of coal

Detection of Virulence Factors Produced by Local Isolates of Aeromonas hydrophila

Aeromonas hydrophila was isolated from different local sources includes fresh fish, water, and lake of fish farm in Baghdad governorate, and identified according to their morphological and cultural characteristics and biochemical tests. Virulence factors produced by A. hydrophila isolates were detected to select the more virulent isolate. Results showed that these isolates have the hemolytic activity, slime production and with high ability in protease production. Antibiotic susceptibility of the more virulent isolate was examined. Results showed that A. hydrophila H4 was resistant to many antibiotics, while it was sensitive to others. Plasmid profile A. hydrophila H4 was studied by extraction of plasmid DNA and electrophoresis on agarose gel. Results showed that this isolate was harboring two small plasmids which may be responsible for the production of virulence factors and/or the antibiotics resistance. After curing of these two plasmids by using SDS (6%), it was found that cured colonies of A. hydrophila H4 was lost its ability to resist many antibiotics, while it was still having the ability to produce different virulence factors, which means that genes encoding these virulence factors are chromosomally located. Keywords: Aeromonas hydrophila, Virulence factors, DNA plasmid, curing

Frequency of Salivary Human Cytomegalovirus in Iraqi Patients with Chronic Periodontitis

Background: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory disease which is initiated by an infection of the oral microorganisms and it involves the humoral and cellular characteristics of the host response. The periodontal disease is found to develop due to a series of interactions among the periodontotrophic herpes viruses, the periodontopathic bacteria and the host immune reactions.Recent studies have demonstrated that various human viruses, especially human cytomegalovirus seems to play a part in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. Periodontitis is an infectious disease involving specific bacteria and viruses. Objectives: The present study was initiated to evaluate the percentage of human cytomegalovirus in periodontitis patients and determine the correlation between levels of human cytomegalovirus IgG and each of plaque index, gingival index and oral hygiene. Subjects and Methods: Thirty five periodontitis patients and eighteen healthy control subjects were included in this study. Saliva samples were taken from all subjects (patients and healthy). Salivary IgG agianst human cytomegalovirus was estimated by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. Results: The current study showed that the frequency of human cytomegalovirus in chronic periodontitis patients was significantly higher than in healthy control group p<0.05. On the other hand the current study failed to observe any significant correlation between salivary IgG and each of plaque index and gingival index, whereas higher significant correlation was observed with oral hygiene, (P<0.05). Conclusion: Findings of the present study suggest that the frequent present of human cytomegalovirus in saliva of chronic periodontitis patients could have a crucial role in development of this disease

Heat Transfer Enhancement in Vertical Channel for Two Phase Flow by using Compound Turbulater

الخليط من تدفق الماء والهواء (غاز – ماء) له العديد من التطبيقات في الصناعات الميكانيكية والكيمياوية و انظمة التسخين (المبادلات الحراريه والفتحات ),مجال الطاقة ,النفط,التبريد والتكيف.خصائص هذا الخليط (ماء – هواء) تم التحقق منه عمليا داخل قناة مستطيلة وضعت عموديا بواسطة استخدام لوحة مسخنة (معرقل مركب من الاضلاع وتجويف ) مع معدلات تدفق حجمية مختلفة من الماء والهواء وبثبوت الحرارة على &nbsp;وحدة المساحة .ابعاد القناة المستطيلة (5×3×70 سم) .الهدف من هذه التجارب هو لبيان ظاهرة الجريان ثنائي الطور بوجود لوحة المسخنة (المعرقل المركب بثلاث اشكال ) ولمختلف معدلات التدفق من الماء والهواء .اربع قيم مختلفة لتدفق الماء (3,6,9,و12)لتر/دقيقة,ثلاث قيم مختلفة لتدفق&nbsp; الهواء (8.33,16.67,و 25)لتر / دقيقة,و ثلاث قيم مختلفة من الطاقة الحرارية (109.65,150,و 235 واط) تم استخدامها.درجة حرارة الخليط تم قياسها في مواقع متعددة على طول القناة,و وتم تصور سلوك الخليط داخل القناة باستخدام كاميرا الفيديو.اظهرت النتائج بانه عند زيادة تدفق الماء والهواء الجريان يصبح مضطربا,وتتكون الدوامات حول اللوحة المسخنه ,درجة حرارة الخروج تقل ومعامل انتقال الحرارة سوف يزداد. المعرقل المركب مع موقع نسبي للتجويف = 0.55 له معدل اكبر في انتقال الحرارة , حيث ان النسبة المئوية للفرق عن &nbsp;الانواع الاخرى&nbsp;&nbsp; ( g/p = 0.73 و 0.37) كانت 4% &nbsp;و &nbsp;6% بالتعاقب ويرجع ذلك إلى حقيقة أن الخلط والسطح الكاسح في هذه الأنواع من مثيرات الاضطراب المركبة هي أكثر من الانواع الاخرى.The mixture of air-water (gas-water) flow has many applications in chemical and mechanical industries and heating systems (heat exchangers and manifolds), fields of energy, petroleum, refrigeration, and air conditioning. The characteristics of the mixture (water, air) have been investigated experimentally in a rectangular channel placed vertically by using internal heated plate (compound turbulater ribs and groove) with different volume flow rates of water and air, and constant heat flux. The dimensions of the rectangular channel are (5 × 3 × 70 cm). The aim of these experiments is to display the two-phase flow phenomenon with heated plate (three compound turbulater) for different water and air discharges. Four different values of water flow rate (3, 6, 9, and 12 l/min), three different values of air flow rate (8.33, 16.67, and 25 l/m), and three different values of heat power (109.65, 150, and 235 watts) have been used. The temperature of the mixture has been measured at several locations along the channel, and the behavior for the mixture inside the channel has been visualized by using video camera. The results showed that when water and air flow rate increases, flow becomes turbulent, vortices develops around the heated plate, the exit temperature decreases and local heat transfer coefficient increases. The compound turbulater with relative groove position (g/p)=0.55 had a higher rate of heat transfer ,where the percentage difference from other model (g/p = 0.73 and 0.37) were 4% and 6% , respectively due to the fact that the flow mixing and sweeping surface in these types of compound turbulater are more than others type

Crusticorallina gen. nov., a nongeniculate genus in the subfamily Corallinoideae (Corallinales, Rhodophyta)

Molecular phylogenetic analyses of 18S rDNA (SSU) gene sequences confirm the placement of Crusticorallina gen. nov. in Corallinoideae, the first non-geniculate genus in an otherwise geniculate subfamily. Crusticorallina is distinguished from all other coralline genera by the following suite of morpho-anatomical characters: 1) sunken, uniporate gametangial and bi/tetrasporangial conceptacles, 2) cells linked by cell fusions, not secondary pit connections, 3) an epithallus of 1 or 2 cell layers, 4) a hypothallus that occupies 50% or more of the total thallus thickness, 5) elongate meristematic cells, 6) trichocytes absent. Four species are recognized based on rbcL, psbA and COI-5P sequences, C. painei sp. nov., the generitype, C. adhaerens sp. nov., C. nootkana sp. nov. and C. muricata comb. nov., previously known as Pseudolithophyllum muricatum. Type material of Lithophyllum muricatum, basionym of C. muricata, in TRH comprises at least two taxa, and therefore we accept the previously designated lectotype specimen in UC that we sequenced to confirm its identity. Crusticorallina species are very difficult to distinguish using morpho-anatomical and/or habitat characters, although at specific sites, some species may be distinguished by a combination of morpho-anatomy, habitat and biogeography. The Northeast Pacific now boasts six coralline endemic genera, far more than any other region of the world. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

Crystal Distortion and the Two-Channel Kondo Effect

We study a simple model of the two-channel Kondo effect in a distorted crystal. This model is then used to investigate the interplay of the Kondo and Jahn-Teller effects, and also the Kondo effect in an impure crystal. We find that the Jahn-Teller interaction modifies the characteristic energy scale of the system below which non-Fermi-liquid properties of the model become apparent. The modified energy scale tends to zero as the limit of a purely static Jahn-Teller effect is approached. We find also that the non-Fermi-liquid properties of the quadrupolar Kondo effect are not stable against crystal distortion caused by impurities.Comment: 11 page

A Photometrically and Morphologically Variable Infrared Nebula in L483

We present narrow and broad K-band observations of the Class 0/I source IRAS 18148-0440 that span 17 years. The infrared nebula associated with this protostar in the L483 dark cloud is both morphologically and photometrically variable on a time scale of only a few months. This nebula appears to be an infrared analogue to other well-known optically visible variable nebulae associated with young stars, such as Hubble's Variable Nebula. Along with Cepheus A, this is one of the first large variable nebulae to be found that is only visible in the infrared. The variability of this nebula is most likely due to changing illumination of the cloud rather than any motion of the structure in the nebula. Both morphological and photometric changes are observed on a time scale only a few times longer than the light crossing time of the nebula, suggesting very rapid intrinsic changes in the illumination of the nebula. Our narrow-band observations also found that H_2 knots are found nearly twice as far to the east of the source as to its west, and that H_2 emission extends farther east of the source than the previously known CO outflow.Comment: 19 pages, 6 figures, 1 tabl