The Best Efficiency Point of the Performance of Solar Cell Panel System for Pumping Water at Various Lifting Heads Using 100 W Motor Pump Unit

This study was carried out experimentally and \ud analytically about the performance of solar cell panel system for \ud operating the pump coupled by dc motor. The solar cell panel with \ud total area 1.9848 m2 consists of three modules of 80 Wp each. The \ud small centrifugal pump powered by dc motor is operated to lift water \ud from 1m to 7m heads in sequence and gives the amount of water \ud pumped over the whole day from 08.00 to 16.00 h are 11988, 10851, \ud 8874, 7695, 5760, 3600, 2340 L/d respectively. The hourly global \ud solar radiation during the day is an average of 506 W/m2. This study \ud also presents the I V characteristics of the panel at global radiations \ud 200, 400, 600, 800 and 1000 W/m2 matched with the operation of the \ud pump at the above lifting heads. It proves that the only solar \ud radiations 800 and 1000 W/m2 could provide lifting head from 1m to \ud 7m. At radiation 200 W/m2, the pump can???t lift water even for 1 m. \ud The analysis shows the best efficiency point of the performance of \ud solar cell panel system occurs at the pumping head 2.89

Potensi Energi Angin (Studi Kasus Pemanfaatan Energi Angin untuk WilayahKodya Makassar dan Sekitarnya)

The mean hourly wind speed in the year of 1997 at the city of Makassar has been analyzed by Weibull distribution. The analysis shows the wind is generally light and irregular and the distribution has a relatively high dispersion, since the values of Weibull parameters: the shape factor k and scale factor c are 1.52 and 4.91 respectively. The average wind speed 4.42 knot (2.27 m/s). The necessary calculations of the output of windmill for water pumping on the basis of wind regime data are explained. From the cost consideration, the price of water supply by windmill is higher than by the electric pump set. It is clear that the use of windmill for water pumping is not attractive as alternative energy utilization. Keywords: Wind energy, Weibull function, shape and scale factor

Utilization of Wind Energy, the Case Study on Analyzing Hourly Wind Data at the City of Makassar and its Surroundings

The one-year of mean hourly wind speed recorded in the year of 1997 at the city of Makassar and its surroundings have been analyzed by using Weibull distribution. The analysis shows that the wind is generally light and irregular and the distribution is relatively high dispersion, since the values of Weibull parameters ie: factor k and factor c are 1.52 and 4.91 knots respectively. The average wind speed 4.42 knots (2.27 m/s). The necessary calculations of the annual output of windmill for water pumping are explained. From the cost consideration, the price of water supply by windmill is higher than that by electric pump set. It is clear that the use of windmill for water pumping is not attractive as alternative energy utilization

The Performance of Photovoltaic System for Pumping Water at Various Lifting Heads

These studies investigate experimentally the performance of photovoltaic system for operating the pump coupled by dc-motor. The photovoltaic panel with total area 1.9848 m2 consists of three modules of 80 WP each. The small centrifugal pump is operated to lift water 1m, 2m, 3m, 4m heads and gives the amount of water pumped over the whole day from 0800 to 1700 h are 8294, 7296, 5661, 3925 L/d respectively. The hourly global solar radiation during the day is an average of 506 W/m2. This study is also presented the I-V characteristics of the panel at global radiations 300, 500, 700, 900 W/m2 matched with the operation of the pump at the above lifting heads

Analisa Pengaruh Pendinginan Sel Surya Terhadap Daya Keluaran dan Efisiensi

Penelitian ini membahas pengaruh pendinginan sel surya dengan mengalirkan air pada bagian bawah panel terhadap daya keluaran, efisiensi. Besar daya dan efisiensi sel surya dapat diketahui dengan mengukur arus dan tegangan dengan multimeter. Seksi uji adalah sel surya dengan kapasitas 50 watt peak, yaitu sel surya berpendingin dan tanpa berpendingin. Data menunjukkan bahwa untuk sel surya berpendingin dengan debit aliran 150 ml/s dapat menghasilkan daya sebesar 36,51 W dengan efisiensi 8,11 %, sedangkan tanpa berpendingin daya keluaran 34,0 W dengan efisiensi 7,57 %. Tegangan pada open circuit voltage,Voc = 21,7 Volt dan arus pada shot circuit current, Isc = 2,54 Ampere, sedangkan tanpa berpendingin, Voc = 19,9 Volt dan Isc = 5,62 Ampere pada intensitas matahari 1190,7 W/m2.Kata Kunci : Sel surya, berpendingin, daya keluaran dan efisiensi

The Comparison between the Effects of Using Two Plane Mirrors Concentrator and that without Mirror on the Flat- Plate Collector

The aim of the study is to compare between the effects of using two planes\ud mirror concentrator and that without mirror on the flat plate collector. The work is performed\ud on solar water heating system with flat plate collector installed in it. Measuring of the data are\ud taken between 9.00 to 16.00 h over a day. Based on the global and diffuse radiations with the\ud average of 594 and 119 W/m2, the average efficiencies of the system over a day are 41.90 %\ud and 22.80 % for collector with and without mirror respectivel

Investigation and Evaluation Steam Generator Performance of the Steam Power Plant, Tello Makassar with Energy and Exergy Analysis

This working paper were presented in the ICCHT2010 ??? 5th International Conference on Cooling and Heating Technologies, Bandung, IndonesiaThis study was conducted at the unit steam power plant, Regional VIII of The State Electricity Enterprice (PLN), located in Tello village, Panakukang subdistrict, city of Makassar, province of South Sulawesi. The analysis was carried out to calculate the energy and axergy in steam generator which are consisted of: furnace, economizer, evaporator, three superheaters, and two air heaters. The calculations are based on the all data recorded during the operation of steam power plant at the maximum electricity load of 10.3 MW. Based on exergy analysis, four components in steam generator ie: economizer, superheater IA, superheater II, and air heater I, give efficiency below 50%, and steam generator???s overall efficiency is only 25.01% but the overall effeciency calculated by enery method gives 58.04%

Pembuatan dan Pengujian Pembangkit Listrik Tenaga Mikrohidro Turbin Banki Daya 200 Watt

The study aims to find out how to get start in fabricating Banki turbine of 200 watt in electical power capacity and determine the influence of fixed blade opening and dynamometer loading variation. This study was performed and examined directly in the laboratory of University of Muslim Indonesia Makassar, turbine rotation velocity, water capacity, were measured using hand tachometer, and manometer respectively. The fixed blade valve setting also performed during the test.The result of study show that fixed blade opening with load variation at constant rotation turbine produced maximum power as follows: fixed blade opening of 12o with 2 kg load in 550 rpm produced 72 watt of electrical power and maximum fixed blade opening of 20o with 5.2 kg load in 550 rpm produced 186 watt of electrical power

Aplikasi Aktuator Pneumatik sebagai Simulator Beban Dinamis Vertikal pada Mekanisme Suspensi Roda Kendaraan Seperempat

Driving comfort for riders and passengers is a keytarget to be achieved. Fluctuations in vehicle loads, bumps,perforated surfaces, and other road damage will greatly affectthe vehicle suspension working system. This study aims tocalculate the vertical dynamic load of the vehicle actually whichoccurs on road construction after through the vehicle wheelsuspension mechanism. The Pneumatic cylinder that was drivenby pressurized air directly weigh on the spring and ShockAbsorber that contained on the wheels of the vehicle. The loadfluctuations of the medium weight category vehicle aredetermined by the regulation of the amount of pressurized airentering into the pneumatic cylinder chamber pushing the pistonand connecting rods. The deviation that occurs duringcompression on the Spring and Shock Absorber, is substitutedinto the vehicle dynamic load equation by taking also themagnitude of the spring stiffness constant, and the fluid or gascoefficient of the damper. The results showed that the magnitudeof the displacement when the compression force worked hassignificantly influenced the amount of vertical dynamic load ofthe vehicle that overlies the road construction. Experimentalresults using pneumatic actuators instead of real dynamic vehicleloads illustrate the characteristics of the relationship betweenwork pressure and dynamic load. If the working pressure of P2(bar) is given great, the vertical dynamic load Ft (N) whichoverloads the structure of the road is also greater. From thegraph shows that shock absorbers have greater ability to reducedynamic load vertically when compared to spring ability

Low mass fraction impregnation with graphene oxide (GO) enhances thermo-physical properties of paraffin for heat storage applications

Whereas previous researchers analyzed the thermal behavior of paraffin waxes impregnated with graphene oxide nanoparticles (P-GONP) at high mass fraction ( > 1%), this paper analyzes behavior and stability at only 0.3% mass fraction. GONP was prepared by Hummer’s method. The morphology was studied using scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transformation-Infrared (FT-IR) Spectrometer and the thermal properties were measured using laser flash analyser (LFA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermo-gravimetric analysis (TGA) and thermal cycling. LFA showed a 101.2% and 94.5% increase in the thermal conductivity of P-GONP compared to pure paraffin (P) in solid and liquid state respectively. Melting and solidifying temperatures and latent heat were found to be 63.5, 59 °C & 102 kJ/kg and 57.5, 56 °C & 64.7 kJ/kg for P and P-GONP respectively. Thermal cycling over 4000 cycles showed that P-GONP was 27% more stable than P. The latent heat was 64.7 kJ/kg, a 36.5% deterioration compared to virgin paraffin. Compared against higher mass fraction impregnation, lower mass fraction P-GONP was found to have almost equivalent thermo-physical properties (namely thermal conductivity, melting and solidifying characteristics, thermo-chemical stability and reliability) while providing considerable cost saving