ANALYSIS OF TRANSCIPTOME AND SPLICING CHANGES IN ZEBRAFISH MODEL FOR SPINAL MUSCULAR ATROPHY

Ph.DDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPH

Internationalization of Indian Bio-Technology Firms: Case Analysis of Biocon

Rapid globalization of the World’s Economies and the advancement in the field of Research & Development has raised a fierce competition among international firms. In this Era, the firms are moving towards internationalization to remain ahead in the race. Internationalization has become a way to take competitive advantages & further advancement over business rivals. This dissertation examines some key issues related to Internationalization of Indian Biotechnology firms. By employing Case study approach, the dissertation investigates the important aspects that determine the characteristics of Indian Biotech firms’s internationalization process. The motivations which are involved & the foreign market entry strategies which are taken are analyzed from the theoretical context. An amount of appealing research findings have emerged from this research. First, the motivations for internationalization of a firm vary from need to need of the firm, ranging from Market seeking to Seeking Resources and to strategic asset-seeking. This established that we need multiple theories to elucidate & analyze internationalization of Indian Biotechnology firms. It is quite difficult to explain this process by a single theory. In this research we found that Biocon used strategy from joint Venture to International Licensing and to even Acquisition. These strategies were dependent on competitive advantages and upcoming opportunities for Biocon. We found that Biocon started its journey with Joint Venture rather than exporting activities which explains that Uppsala model cannot explain the process of internationalization for some firms. Third, in this research we found that at time to time Biocon was involved in its internationalization & it adopted from a wide array of strategies so we can conclude that competitive advantages and need of situation play a very important role when it comes to select a strategy like JV, Licensing or M & A. The study has also discussed the confine boundaries of the research and future avenues for future research

Study on the Phytochemical, Antioxidant and In Vitro Anticancer activity on root extract of Simarouba glauca DC

Plant made medicine plays main role in drug formulation and synthesis with moderate or no side effects. Simarouba glauca is exotic to India and known for its phytomedicine property belonging to the Simaroubaceae family prominent for its leaves arrangement and is called “Lakshmi taru” or “Paradise tree”. The goal of this study was to present the preliminary phytochemicals, antioxidants, and cytotoxicity mechanism of S. glauca root extracts in terms of apoptosis in cell cycle. Phytochemical, qualitative, and antioxidant assay analyses were performed with the standard protocol using HPTLC and cytotoxicity studies were analysed using a flow-cytometer. The Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, flavonoids, steroids, and triterpenoids. Furthermore, the extracts demonstrated potent antioxidant activity and could serve as a lead source of natural antioxidants. In a concentration-dependent manner, anticancer study demonstrated cytotoxicity against the A549 cell line by stopping the cells at the S-phase. The main investigation reveals the antiproliferative properties of S. glauca methanolic root extract. Identification of cytotoxic compounds and their mode of action require further in-depth research. The outcome of our investigation offers compelling evidence that S. glauca methanolic root extract can be used as an effective ethnomedicinal agent with the ability to treat human disorders

Implementation of Integrated Learning Program in neurosciences during first year of traditional medical course: Perception of students and faculty

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Our college introduced an integrated learning program (ILP) for first year undergraduates with an aim to develop, implement and evaluate a module for CNS in basic sciences and to assess the feasibility of an ILP in phase I of medical education in a college following traditional medical curriculum.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The idea of implementing ILP for Central Nervous System (CNS) in phase one was conceived by curriculum development committee drawn from faculty of all phases. After a series of meetings of curriculum development committee, inputs from basic science and clinical departments, a time table was constructed. Various teaching learning methods, themes for integrated didactic lectures, case based learning and clinical exposure were decided. Basic science faculty were made to participate actively in both case based learning and hospital visits along with clinical experts. The completed program was evaluated based on structured questionnaire.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Sixty percent students rated the program good to excellent with reference to appreciation, understanding and application of basic science knowledge in health and disease. Seventy eight percent felt that this program will help them perform better in later days of clinical training. However sixty percent students felt that ILP will not help them perform better at the first professional examination. Seventy two per cent of faculty agreed that this program improved understanding and application of basic science knowledge of students. Ninety percent of faculty felt that this program will help them perform better in later days of clinical training.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>The adoption of present integrated module for CNS and the use of multiple teaching learning methods have been proven to be useful in acquisition of knowledge from the student satisfaction point of view. Students and faculty expressed an overall satisfaction towards ILP for CNS. The study showed that it is possible to adopt an integrated learning module in the first year of medical course under a conventional curriculum.</p

Building public health capacity in Madhya Pradesh through academic partnership

Engaging in partnerships is a strategic means of achieving objectives common to each partner. The Post Graduate Diploma in Public Health Management (PGDPHM) partners in consultation with the government and aims to strengthen the public health managerial capacity. This case study examines the PGDPHM program conducted jointly by the Public Health Foundation of India and the Government of Madhya Pradesh (GoMP) at the State Institute of Health Management and Communication, Gwalior, which is the apex training and research institute of the state government for health professionals. This is an example of collaborative partnership between an academic institution and the Department of Public Health and Family Welfare, GoMP. PGDPHM is a 1-year, fully residential course with a strong component of field-based project work, and aims to bridge the gap in public health managerial capacity of the health system through training of health professionals. The program is uniquely designed in the context of the National Rural Health Mission and uses a multidisciplinary approach with a focus on inter-professional education. The curriculum is competency driven and health systems connected and the pedagogy uses a problem-solving approach with multidisciplinary faculty from different programs and practice backgrounds that bring rich field experience to the classroom. This case study presents the successful example of the interface between academia and the health system and of common goals achieved through this partnership for building capacity of health professionals in the state of Madhya Pradesh over the past 3 years

Bronchiectasis in India:results from the European Multicentre Bronchiectasis Audit and Research Collaboration (EMBARC) and Respiratory Research Network of India Registry

BACKGROUND: Bronchiectasis is a common but neglected chronic lung disease. Most epidemiological data are limited to cohorts from Europe and the USA, with few data from low-income and middle-income countries. We therefore aimed to describe the characteristics, severity of disease, microbiology, and treatment of patients with bronchiectasis in India. METHODS: The Indian bronchiectasis registry is a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study. Adult patients ( 6518 years) with CT-confirmed bronchiectasis were enrolled from 31 centres across India. Patients with bronchiectasis due to cystic fibrosis or traction bronchiectasis associated with another respiratory disorder were excluded. Data were collected at baseline (recruitment) with follow-up visits taking place once per year. Comprehensive clinical data were collected through the European Multicentre Bronchiectasis Audit and Research Collaboration registry platform. Underlying aetiology of bronchiectasis, as well as treatment and risk factors for bronchiectasis were analysed in the Indian bronchiectasis registry. Comparisons of demographics were made with published European and US registries, and quality of care was benchmarked against the 2017 European Respiratory Society guidelines. FINDINGS: From June 1, 2015, to Sept 1, 2017, 2195 patients were enrolled. Marked differences were observed between India, Europe, and the USA. Patients in India were younger (median age 56 years [IQR 41-66] vs the European and US registries; p&lt;0\ub70001]) and more likely to be men (1249 [56\ub79%] of 2195). Previous tuberculosis (780 [35\ub75%] of 2195) was the most frequent underlying cause of bronchiectasis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most common organism in sputum culture (301 [13\ub77%]) in India. Risk factors for exacerbations included being of the male sex (adjusted incidence rate ratio 1\ub717, 95% CI 1\ub703-1\ub732; p=0\ub7015), P aeruginosa infection (1\ub729, 1\ub710-1\ub750; p=0\ub7001), a history of pulmonary tuberculosis (1\ub720, 1\ub707-1\ub734; p=0\ub7002), modified Medical Research Council Dyspnoea score (1\ub732, 1\ub725-1\ub739; p&lt;0\ub70001), daily sputum production (1\ub716, 1\ub703-1\ub730; p=0\ub7013), and radiological severity of disease (1\ub703, 1\ub701-1\ub704; p&lt;0\ub70001). Low adherence to guideline-recommended care was observed; only 388 patients were tested for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis and 82 patients had been tested for immunoglobulins. INTERPRETATION: Patients with bronchiectasis in India have more severe disease and have distinct characteristics from those reported in other countries. This study provides a benchmark to improve quality of care for patients with bronchiectasis in India. FUNDING: EU/European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industries and Associations Innovative Medicines Initiative inhaled Antibiotics in Bronchiectasis and Cystic Fibrosis Consortium, European Respiratory Society, and the British Lung Foundation

Internationalization of Indian Bio-Technology Firms: Case Analysis of Biocon

Rapid globalization of the World’s Economies and the advancement in the field of Research & Development has raised a fierce competition among international firms. In this Era, the firms are moving towards internationalization to remain ahead in the race. Internationalization has become a way to take competitive advantages & further advancement over business rivals. This dissertation examines some key issues related to Internationalization of Indian Biotechnology firms. By employing Case study approach, the dissertation investigates the important aspects that determine the characteristics of Indian Biotech firms’s internationalization process. The motivations which are involved & the foreign market entry strategies which are taken are analyzed from the theoretical context. An amount of appealing research findings have emerged from this research. First, the motivations for internationalization of a firm vary from need to need of the firm, ranging from Market seeking to Seeking Resources and to strategic asset-seeking. This established that we need multiple theories to elucidate & analyze internationalization of Indian Biotechnology firms. It is quite difficult to explain this process by a single theory. In this research we found that Biocon used strategy from joint Venture to International Licensing and to even Acquisition. These strategies were dependent on competitive advantages and upcoming opportunities for Biocon. We found that Biocon started its journey with Joint Venture rather than exporting activities which explains that Uppsala model cannot explain the process of internationalization for some firms. Third, in this research we found that at time to time Biocon was involved in its internationalization & it adopted from a wide array of strategies so we can conclude that competitive advantages and need of situation play a very important role when it comes to select a strategy like JV, Licensing or M & A. The study has also discussed the confine boundaries of the research and future avenues for future research

Вирощування кристалів та електрооптичні характеристики сполуки In2Se2.7Sb0.3

III-VI групи напівпровідних матеріалів в основному використовуються для розробки детекторів іонізуючого випромінювання, твердотільних електродів, а також сонячних комірок, світлочутливих гетероструктур та іонних батарей. Шарова структура напівпровідникових кристалів III-VI групи була ретельно вивчена як двовимірна кристалічна система. Напівпровідник In2Se3 із загальною формулою сполуки A2B3 має гексагональну кристалічну структуру. Сполуку In2Se2.7Sb0.3 вирощували за допомогою техніки Бріджмана. Температурний градієнт замерзання становив 60°C/см, і кристали найкращої якості були отримані зі швидкістю росту 0,35 см/год. Досконалість кристала вивчалася під оптичним мікроскопом, з різною ознакою росту, який спостерігається на верхній вільній поверхні кристала, що є переважаючим механізмом росту шару. Для перевірки наявності складових елементів сполуки In2Se2.7Sb0.3 використовувалася методика EDAX. Утворення дефектів в кристалах робить можливим зростання в умовах, близьких до рівноваги. У роботі атомно-силовою мікроскопією проведено морфологічне дослідження поверхні кристалічної сполуки. Використовуючи чотиризондової методики досліджено температурну залежність електричного питомого опору сполуки In2Se2.7Sb0.3. Ширину забороненої зони визначали за допомогою UV-Vis спектрофотометра у діапазоні довжин хвиль від 200 нм до 900 нм. Результати та висновки з цих характеристик повідомляються в даній статті.The III-VI group of semiconducting materials is mostly used for the developing of ionizing radiation detectors, solid-state electrodes as well as solar cell, photosensitive heterostructures and ionic batteries. Layer structure of III-VI semiconductor crystals have been extensively studied as a two-dimensional crystal system. In2Se3 semiconductor with A2B3 general compound formula has a hexagonal crystal structure. In2Se2.7Sb0.3 has been grown by the Bridgman technique. The freezing interference temperature gradient was 60°C/cm and the best quality crystals have been obtained at a growth velocity of 0.35 cm/h. The crystal perfection was studied under optical microscope, with a various growth feature observed on top free surface of the crystal which is predominant of layer growth mechanism. EDAX technique has been used for testing the presence of constituent elements of In2Se2.7Sb0.3 compound. Defect formation in crystals is a key event making growth possible under near-equilibrium conditions. In this work, the morphological study was performed by atomic force microscopy of the surface of the crystal compound. The temperature dependence of electrical resistivity of In2Se2.7Sb0.3 compound was studied using four-probe technique. The band gap was determined using UV-Vis spectrophotometer in the wavelength range 200 nm to 900 nm. From these characterizations the results and conclusions are reported in this paper