Development and Validation of a Simple and Sensitive Reverse-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatographic Method for the Determination of Ibuprofen in Pharmaceutical Suspensions

كان الهدف من هذا العمل هو تطوير طريقة سريعة ومنخفضة التكلفة لتقدير الإيبوبروفين في المعلقات الصيدلانية باستخدام الكروماتوغرافيا السائلة عالية الأداء ذات الطور العكوس، والتحقق من صحتها. تم تنفيذ الطريقة المقترحة والتحقق من مصدوقيتها وفقًا لمتطلبات المؤتمر الدولي للمواءمة (ICH). كانت المعاملات الكروماتوغرافية كالتالي: عمود أوكتيل ديسيل سيليل C18 بأبعاد (150 × 4.6) ملم، طور متحرك مكون من أسيتونيتريل مع حمض الفوسفوريك بنسبة 50 إلى 50 لكل منهما باستخدام النموذج الثابت  isocratic، معدل تدفق 1.5 مل/ دقيقة وحجم الحقنة 5 ميكرولتر، طول موجة كاشف الأشعة فوق البنفسجية 220 نانومتر. تم التحقق من صحة الطريقة وأظهرت زمن احتباس قصير لقمة الإيبوبروفين عند 7.651 دقيقة ، مع خطية على المجال المدروس من 0.4 - 1.6 ملغ/ مل (R2 = 0.9999) ومع مضبوطية عالية [كانت نسبة الاسترداد (100.48٪)، والخطأ النسبي المئوي (--1.511 1.465)% ]، وتكرارية (RSD٪ = 0.112 لزمن الاحتباس). تم حساب حد الكشف والحد الكمي لتكون 0.036 و 0.110 ملغ/ مل على التوالي. تم تطبيق هذه الطريقة بنجاح لتقدير محتوى الإيبوبروفين في ثلاثة منتجات صيدلانية تجارية. بالنظر إلى الوقت القصير للتحليل وحد الكشف المنخفض، نوصي بهذه الطريقة للمقايسات الروتينية في مختبرات مراقبة الجودة وكطريقة جيدة لدراسات الثبات للإيبوبروفين.The aim of this work was to develop and validate a rapid and low cost method for estimation of ibuprofen in pharmaceutical suspensions using Reverse-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The proposed method was conducted and validated according to International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) requirements. The chromatographic parameters were as follows: column of octyldecylsilyl C18 with dimensions (150 × 4.6) mm, mobile phase composed of acetonitrile with phosphoric acid with a ratio of 50 to 50 each using isocratic mode, flow rate of 1.5 mL/min and injection volume of 5 μL. The detection was carried out using UV detector at 220 nm. The method was validated and showed short retention time for ibuprofen peak at 7.651 min, with linearity in the studied range of 0.4 - 1.6 mg/mL (R2 = 0.9999) and with great accuracy ]percent recovery was (100.48%), percent relative error(-1.511-1.465)%[ and repeatability (RSD% = 0.112 for Retention time). The detection and quantitation limits were determined to be 0.036 and 0.110 mg/mL, respectively. This method was applied successfully to determine the content of ibuprofen in three commercial pharmaceutical products. Looking at the short time of analysis and the low limit detection, we recommend this method for routine assays in the quality control laboratories and as a good method for stability studies of ibuprofen

Pengaruh Pembangunan Manusia terhadap Pembangunan Ekonomi di Negara Berkembang

Pembangunan manusia menjadi fokus pembangunan yang tidak kalah menarik jika dibandingkan dengan pembangunan secara fisik. Kualitas manusia yang lebih baik akan meningkatkan kreativitas serta produktivitas sehingga mampu memiliki taraf hidup yang lebih baik. Tujuan utama penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pembangunan manusia terhadap pembangunan ekonomi. Negara berkembang menjadi menarik untuk dijadikan daerah kajian karena negara-negara berkembang selain masih memiliki persoalan dalam hal pembangunan ekonomi, negara berkembang juga memiliki persoalan dalam hal pembangunan manusia. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis data sekunder dengan menggunakan data yang di terbitkan dari berbagai instansi terkait.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan perkembangan pembangunan manusia pada tahun 2008-2013 mengalami peningkatan walaupun tidak pesat. Pembangunan ekonomi juga mengalami peningkatan yang positif pada tahun 2008 hingga 2013. Hasil perhitungan menggunakan analisis regresi menunjukkan bahwa pembangunan manusia tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pembangunan ekonomi. Temuan ini tidak sejalan dengan teori investasi modal manusia

Hemostatic complications associated with ventricular assist devices.

Hemostatic complications are common in patients with ventricular assist devices. The pathophysiologic mechanisms that lead to dysregulated hemostasis involve complex interactions between device surface, sheer stress, and blood flow. These factors lead to various manifestations that require a thorough understanding of the interplay among platelets, coagulation factors, and red cells. In this article, we review the pathophysiology of hematologic complications (bleeding, acquired von Willebrand disease, heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, hemolysis, stroke and pump thrombosis), the clinical manifestations, and the management of each. We summarize the evidence available for management of these entities and provide a pragmatic clinical review

Milled Iraqi Phoenix Dactylifera Date Palm Pruning Woods Lignin Qualitative and Quantitative Determination

This study aimed to find analytical data base for Iraqi phoenix date palm pruning woods. Lignin has been extracted for five  types of Iraqi date palm using Klason lignin method. Weight of extracted lignin ranged from ( 0.350 g – 0.698 g), and lignin % ranged from (17.5 – 34.9). (waxes, oils, resin, and proteins of wood gums) % ranged from (22.5 – 44.5). FT– IR Characterization showed that the (-OH) phenolic dis appear in all studied lignin samples, and the (4-O-5 inter monomeric lignin linkage) showed strong intensity peaks for Khadrawi, and Jamal AL-Deen samples, and moderate  intensities for Maktom, Barhi at, and Fahal. Also (DODO inter monomeric lignin linkage) showed strong intensity peaks for all studied samples. UV – Vis. Characterization showed that the lowest absorption maximum (254 nm) corresponds to Fahal lignin sample, While the highest absorption maximum (275 nm) corresponds to Jamal AL-Deen lignin sample. Keywords: Milled Iraqi Phoenix, pruning woods, lignin, Quantitative Determination

Photochemistry of methyl hypobromite (CH₃OBr): excited states and photoabsorption spectrum

The singlet and triplet excited states of CH3OBr with excitation energies up to ∼9.5 eV are studied using the multi-reference configuration interaction with singles and doubles method (MRCI-SD) and several single-reference methods, including time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT), coupled-cluster (linear-response CC2 and equation-of-motion CCSD and CCSD(T)), and algebraic diagrammatic construction (ADC(2)). Among the single-reference methods, coupled-cluster gives vertical excitation energies and oscillator strengths comparable to the MRCI-SD values for the majority of excited states. The absorption cross section in the gas phase in the region between 2 and 8.5 eV was simulated with CCSD using the nuclear ensemble approach. The computed spectrum predicts two intense absorption bands. The first band, peaked at ∼7.0 eV, is induced by Rydberg excitation. The second band has a strong overlap between a broad σσ* transition and three Rydberg transitions, resulting in two peaks at 7.7 and 7.9 eV. The spectrum also features a low-intensity band peaking at ∼4.6 eV due to nσ* excitation. The intensity of this band is influenced by spin–orbit coupling effects. We analyzed the dissociation pathways along the O–Br and C–O coordinates by computing rigid potential energy curves of the ground and the lowest-lying singlet and triplet excited states, and discussed the possible dissociation products. Due to the specific electronic structure of the excited states, characterized by multireference, double excitations, and Rydberg states occurring in the low-energy region, their correct description along dissociation coordinates is feasible only with MRCI-SD

Unconventional hydrogen bonding to organic ions in the gas phase: Stepwise association of hydrogen cyanide with the pyridine and pyrimidine radical cations and protonated pyridine

Equilibrium thermochemical measurements using the ion mobility drift cell technique have been utilized to investigate the binding energies and entropy changes for the stepwise association of HCN molecules with the pyridine and pyrimidine radical cations forming the C5H5N+· (HCN)nand C4H4N2 +· (HCN)n clusters, respectively, with n = 1–4. For comparison, the binding of 1–4 HCN molecules to the protonated pyridine C5H5NH+(HCN)n has also been investigated. The binding energies of HCN to the pyridine and pyrimidine radical cations are nearly equal (11.4 and 12.0 kcal/mol, respectively) but weaker than the HCN binding to the protonated pyridine (14.0 kcal/mol). The pyridine and pyrimidine radical cations form unconventional carbon-based ionic hydrogen bonds with HCN (CHδ+⋯NCH). Protonated pyridine forms a stronger ionichydrogen bond with HCN (NH+⋯NCH) which can be extended to a linear chain with the clustering of additional HCN molecules (NH+⋯NCH··NCH⋯NCH) leading to a rapid decrease in the bond strength as the length of the chain increases. The lowest energy structures of the pyridine and pyrimidine radical cation clusters containing 3-4 HCN molecules show a strong tendency for the internal solvation of the radical cation by the HCN molecules where bifurcatedstructures involving multiple hydrogen bonding sites with the ring hydrogen atoms are formed. The unconventional H-bonds (CHδ+⋯NCH) formed between the pyridine or the pyrimidine radical cations and HCN molecules (11–12 kcal/mol) are stronger than the similar (CHδ+⋯NCH)bonds formed between the benzene radical cation and HCN molecules (9 kcal/mol) indicating that the CHδ+ centers in the pyridine and pyrimidine radical cations have more effective charges than in the benzene radical cation