The 1964 Iowa corn yield test

The results of the Iowa Corn Yield Test are published as an aid to Iowa farmers in selecting corn hybrids adapted to their farms. This is the forty-fifth consecutive year for the Iowa Corn Yield Test since its beginning in 1920 and the fifth consecutive year in which a picker-sheller has been used to harvest a majority of the test fields. Two-year averages are presented in tables 1-6 for both high and normal plant populations for each district. This is the second year of the district arrangement shown in fig. 1 and the second year in which all hybrids are compared at both high and normal plant populations at each location. The presentation of data on the hybrids tested does not imply approval or endorsement by the authors or by the agencies sponsoring or conducting the test

New Mechanism of Flavor Symmetry Breaking from Supersymmetric Strong Dynamics

We present a class of supersymmetric models in which flavor symmetries are broken dynamically, by a set of composite flavon fields. The strong dynamics that is responsible for confinement in the flavor sector also drives flavor symmetry breaking vacuum expectation values, as a consequence of a quantum-deformed moduli space. Yukawa couplings result as a power series in the ratio of the confinement to Planck scale, and the fermion mass hierarchy depends on the differing number of preons in different flavor symmetry-breaking operators. We present viable non-Abelian and Abelian flavor models that incorporate this mechanism.Comment: 24 pp. LaTe

The mouse alpha-globin cluster: A paradigm for studying genome regulation and organization

The mammalian globin gene clusters provide a paradigm for studying the relationship between genome structure and function. As blood stem cells undergo lineage specification and differentiation to form red blood cells, the chromatin structure and expression of the α-globin cluster change. The gradual activation of the α-globin genes in well-defined cell populations has enabled investigation of the structural and functional roles of its enhancers, promoters and boundary elements. Recent studies of gene regulatory processes involving these elements at the mouse α-globin cluster have brought new insights into the general principles underlying the three-dimensional structure of the genome and its relationship to gene expression throughout time

The 1963 Iowa corn yield test

The results of the Iowa Corn Yield Test are published as an aid to Iowa farmers in selecting corn hybrids adapted to their farms. This is the forty-fourth consecutive year for the Iowa Corn Yield Test since its beginning in 1920 and the fourth consecutive year in which a picker-sheller has been used to harvest a majority of the test fields. Additional data are presented this year for high plant populations in tables 1, 6 and 12. The maturity trials at Ankeny and Kanawha include 2-, 3- and 4- year information for the first time. Soil fertility information of test fields is included for 1963. The presentation of data does not imply approval or endorsement of any of the hybrids tested b y the authors or by the agencies sponsoring or conducting the test

Glassy transition in a disordered model for the RNA secondary structure

We numerically study a disordered model for the RNA secondary structure and we find that it undergoes a phase transition, with a breaking of the replica symmetry in the low temperature region (like in spin glasses). Our results are based on the exact evaluation of the partition function.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

The 1965 Iowa corn yield test

The results of the Iowa Corn Yield Test are published to aid Iowa farmers in selecting corn varieties adapted to their farms. This is the forty-sixth consecutive year for the Iowa Corn Yield Test- since its beginning in 1920 and the sixth consecutive year in which a picker-sheller has been used to harvest a majority of the test fields. Individual year yield data are presented for corn varieties entered two or more consecutive years in a district. One-, two- and three-year yield averages are presented in tables 1 to 6 for both high and normal plant populations for each district. Information concerning other attributes of the entries tested are listed in tables 1 to 6. This is the third year of the district arrangement shown in fig. 1 and the third year in which all entries are compared at both high and normal plant populations at each location. The presentation of data for the varieties tested does not imply approval or endorsement by the authors or by the agencies sponsoring or conducting the test. The entry names listed in the tables are their brand and variety designations

Does low-energy sweetener consumption affect energy intake and body weight? A systematic review, including meta-analyses, of the evidence from human and animal studies

By reducing energy density, low-energy sweeteners (LES) might be expected to reduce energy intake (EI) and body weight (BW). To assess the totality of the evidence testing the null hypothesis that LES exposure (versus sugars or unsweetened alternatives) has no effect on EI or BW, we conducted a systematic review of relevant studies in animals and humans consuming LES with ad libitum access to food energy. In 62 of 90 animal studies exposure to LES did not affect or decreased BW. Of 28 reporting increased BW, 19 compared LES with glucose exposure using a specific ‘learning’ paradigm. Twelve prospective cohort studies in humans reported inconsistent associations between LES use and Body Mass Index (-0.002 kg/m2/year, 95%CI -0.009 to 0.005). Meta-analysis of short- term randomized controlled trials (RCTs, 129 comparisons) showed reduced total EI for LES- versus sugar-sweetened food or beverage consumption before an ad libitum meal (-94 kcal, 95%CI -122 to -66), with no difference versus water (-2 kcal, 95%CI -30 to 26). This was consistent with EI results from sustained intervention RCTs (10 comparisons). Meta-analysis of sustained intervention RCTs (4 weeks to 40 months) showed that consumption of LES versus sugar led to relatively reduced BW (nine comparisons; -1.35 kg, 95%CI –2.28 to - 0.42), and a similar relative reduction in BW versus water (three comparisons; -1.24 kg, 95%CI –2.22 to -0.26). Most animal studies did not mimic LES consumption by humans, and reverse causation may influence the results of prospective cohort studies. The preponderance of evidence from all human RCTs indicates that LES do not increase EI or BW, whether compared with caloric or non-caloric (e.g., water) control conditions. Overall, the balance of evidence indicates that use of LES in place of sugar, in children and adults, leads to reduced EI and BW, and possibly also when compared with water

The Algebra of Physical Observables in Nonlinearly Realized Gauge Theories

We classify the physical observables in spontaneously broken nonlinearly realized gauge theories in the recently proposed loopwise expansion governed by the Weak Power-Counting (WPC) and the Local Functional Equation. The latter controls the non-trivial quantum deformation of the classical nonlinearly realized gauge symmetry, to all orders in the loop expansion. The Batalin-Vilkovisky (BV) formalism is used. We show that the dependence of the vertex functional on the Goldstone fields is obtained via a canonical transformation w.r.t. the BV bracket associated with the BRST symmetry of the model. We also compare the WPC with strict power-counting renormalizability in linearly realized gauge theories. In the case of the electroweak group we find that the tree-level Weinberg relation still holds if power-counting renormalizability is weakened to the WPC condition.Comment: 20 pages, 1 figur

Bloch-Nordsieck Violation in Spontaneously Broken Abelian Theories

We point out that, in a spontaneously broken U(1) gauge theory, inclusive processes, whose primary particles are mass eigenstates that do not coincide with the gauge eigenstates, are not free of infrared logarithms. The charge mixing allowed by symmetry breaking and the ensuing Bloch-Nordsieck violation are here analyzed in a few relevant cases and in particular for processes initiated by longitudinal gauge bosons. Of particular interest is the example of weak hypercharge in the Standard Model where, in addition, left-right mixing effects arise in transversely polarized fermion beams.Comment: 4 pages, 1 figur