On the continuity of lyapunov exponents of random walks in random potentials

We consider a simple random walk in an i.i.d. non-negative potential on the d-dimensional integer lattice, $d\geq 3$. We study the quenched Lyapunov exponents, and present a probabilistic proof of its continuity when the potentials converge in distribution.Comment: 24

Vietnam: fisheries legislation, re-visiting the law

The government of Vietnam seeks to empower the country's fishermen through the landmark passage of an amended fisheries la

BUILDING A START-UP ECOSYSTEM IN HO CHI MINH CITY, VIETNAM FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Developing a start-up ecosystem, and creating a favorable environment to promote and support the process of forming and developing fast-growing businesses based on exploiting intellectual property, technology, and business models.  New business model is an important direction of Vietnam and Ho Chi Minh City.  This article studies the current situation and proposes some oriented solutions for the goal of perfecting the startup ecosystem in Ho Chi Minh City in the current integration conditions

FREE VIBRATION OF TAPERED FUNCTIONALLY GRADED CARBON NANOTUBE-REINFORCED COMPOSITE BEAMS USING A HIERARCHICAL BEAM ELEMENT

Free vibration of tapered functionally graded carbon nanotube-reinforced composite (FG-CNTRC) beams is investigated. The beams with four types of carbon nanotube distribution in the thickness, namely the uniform (UD-CNT), X-type (FGX-CNT), A-type (FGA-CNT) and O-type (FGO-CNT), are assumed to be linearly tapered in longitudinal direction by three different taper cases. Based on the first-order shear deformation theory, equations of motion with variable coefficients are derived from Hamilton’s principle. Using hierarchical functions to interpolate the displacement field, a two-node beam element with nine degrees of freedom is formulated and employed to compute frequencies of the beams. The accuracy of the derived formulation is confirmed by comparing frequencies obtained in the present work with the published data. The effects of the total CNT volume fraction, CNT distribution type, taper cases, taper ratio, aspect ratio, boundary conditions, etc., on the vibration characteristics of the beams are examined and discussed

A MUDANÇA DAS CRENÇAS DO POVO VIETNAMIANO NO NOVO CONTEXTO: ESTUDE UMA TÍPICA ATIVIDADE RELIGIOSA

Vietnam is a multi-faith and multi-religious country. According to incomplete statistics, Vietnam has about 95% of the population with religious and religious life. Up to now, the country has about 45,000 belief establishments, of which there are more than 2,900 relics associated with belief and religious establishments. Religious activities take place vibrantly throughout the country; many major religious activities and activities were solemnly organized, attracting hundreds of thousands of attendees. However, in recent years, many religious activities have changed in both positive and negative directions. This study selects a popular folk belief activity of the Vietnamese people, the funeral rite. Based on the survey, this study focuses on analyzing the actual situation of funeral rites, the values ​​, and limitations of this religious activity.O Vietnã é um país multi-religioso e multi-religioso. De acordo com estatísticas incompletas, o Vietnã tem cerca de 95% da população com vida religiosa e religiosa. Até agora, o país tem cerca de 45.000 estabelecimentos de crença, dos quais existem mais de 2.900 relíquias associadas a estabelecimentos de crença e religiosos. As atividades religiosas acontecem de forma vibrante em todo o país; muitas das principais atividades e atividades religiosas foram organizadas solenemente, atraindo centenas de milhares de participantes. No entanto, nos últimos anos, muitas atividades religiosas mudaram em direções positivas e negativas. Este estudo seleciona uma atividade de crença popular popular do povo vietnamita, o rito fúnebre. Com base na pesquisa, este estudo se concentra em analisar a situação real dos ritos fúnebres, os valores e as limitações dessa atividade religiosa

Measuring capacity and capacity utilization in small-scale fisheries in Nha Trang

To develop effective capacity management programs, it is significant to evaluate and control the fishing capacity and its utilization in order to reduce overcapacity and excess capacity and create a stable development of marine resources. This study estimate fishing capacity and capacity utilization (CU) for the multi-species small- scale trawlers in Nha Trang, Vietnam. Data were collected through a survey of 65 small-scale trawler owners in two years 2005 and 2006. Using a mathematical programming approach - data envelopment analysis (DEA), the results from this study show that most of vessels in Nha Trang were operating at less than their full capacity and there was excess capacity in the trawl fleet. Based on these findings, some policy implications for trawl fishery management in Nha Trang are also provided and discussed.

Moving towards communication-oriented language teaching at the primary English level: A Vietnamese perspective

Vietnam has been attempting to build its English learners’ communicative abilities to improve the country’s competitiveness in the global market. As a result, English language Teaching (ELT) reforms have been introduced in the educational system. Part of the reforms involves the implementation of mandatory primary English education following the Communicative Language Teaching approach (CLT) despite a difficult history of CLT implementation in English as a Foreign Language (EFL) contexts. Primary English teachers have been a critical challenge for the success of a communicative curriculum in Vietnam. Teachers’ CLT understanding and pedagogies from a socio-cultural perspective have been underresearched, especially those in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta region. In addressing this gap, this qualitative research, grounded in the Constructivist approach, aimed to explore how primary English teachers in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta understood and implemented CLT in their classrooms from a socio-cultural perspective. The research project targeted all public school primary English teachers in Phase 1 in one school district in the region through the use of an online questionnaire. Twenty-eight teachers participated in this phase, from whom eight were then purposively selected to voluntarily participate further in Phase 2. The purposive sampling was aimed to select a good representation of primary English teachers in the district regarding their genders, qualifications, training, and teaching experiences. Data collection for Phase 2 involved pre-observation interviews with individual teachers, in-class observations, and post-observations interviews with the use of stimulated video recall sessions. The major findings showed that there were misconceptions and/or contradictions in teachers’ activity systems. Teachers did not understand CLT theory and practice, or their understanding was incomplete. Although they claimed they taught in the direction of CLT, their actual pedagogies featured traditional approaches with a focus on teaching language forms and vocabulary and with excessive use of techniques from the Audiolingual Method, the PPP model, and the Grammar-Translation Method. The findings also revealed that teachers’ practices were driven by contextual factors such as Vietnamese educational traditions, needs from their ecological school communities, and their lack of sufficient and proper training of CLT pedagogies. Finally, teachers perceived both challenges and opportunities in moving towards communicationoriented language teaching. Proper and sufficient assistance needed to be provided to empower primary English teachers to fulfill the government’s goals in building students’ communicative abilities. Some of the assistance consisted of, but not limited to, ELT policy significant changes or adjustments, teachers’ professional development, improving teaching and learning conditions, and especially teachers’ agentic power to act towards desired goals. The research implies that a top-down ELT policy without involving and informing by all stakeholders will not work successfully and effectively. Another implication is that those who have direct influence on teachers, e.g., local educational officials and school leaders, will be able to shape their practices. Finally, the research implies that a pure version of Westernbased CLT cannot work well in the socio-cultural context of Vietnam without significant changes in the culturally embedded educational traditions

Cohen-Macaulay edge-weighted graphs of girth 55 or greater

Let $G_\omega$ be an edge-weighted graph whose underlying graph is $G$. In this paper, we enlarge the class of Cohen-Macaulay edge-weighted graphs $G_\omega$ by classifying completely them when the graph $G$ has girth $5$ or greater

Vietnam: Learning from experience

The fishing industry in south-central Vietnam relies on co-management and the ecosystem-based approach to fisheries management (EAFM) to sustain the health of coastal marine areas. Vietnam’s 3,260-km coastline hosts a diversity of marine resources such as coral reefs and seagrass beds as well as more than 1,080 species of fish. The health of Vietnam’s coastal and marine ecosystems is fundamental to the food security, livelihoods and social stability of more than 4 mn Vietnamese people who directly or indirectly benefit from the exploitation of marine resources. Small-scale fisheries are abundant in Bind Dinh, located in the south-central coast of Vietnam, making up nearly 40 per cent of the country’s small-scale fishing fleet. Fishing is a common source of livelihood and income generation at the household level